鲈鱼和大黄鱼几种维生素的营养生理研究和蛋白源开发
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摘要
本文以我国重要的海水养殖鱼类鲈鱼(Lateolabrax japonicus C.)和大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea R.)为研究对象,在室内流水养殖系统(养殖桶规格:120 L或300L)或海水浮式网箱(1.0×1.0×1.5m或1.5×1.5×2.0m)中进行为期9周或8周的摄食生长实验。(1)探讨精制饲料中分别添加维生素A、维生素D、维生素E和生物素对鲈鱼和大黄鱼生长的影响,并分析了饲料中添加维生素A、D、E和生物素对鲈鱼和大黄鱼鱼体成分和肝脏对应维生素含量的影响,饲料中添加维生素A对鲈鱼和大黄鱼血清生化指标的影响,饲料中添加维生素D对鲈鱼和大黄鱼血清钙、磷含量和骨骼矿化的影响,饲料中添加维生素E对鲈鱼和大黄鱼血清抗氧化酶活力和肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响,饲料中添加生物素对鲈鱼和大黄鱼血清非特异性免疫指标影响。(2)探讨实际饲料中不同蛋白源替代鱼粉对大黄鱼生长、体成分和鱼体必需氨基酸模式的影响;实际饲料中不同含量的复合蛋白替代鱼粉对鲈鱼和大黄鱼生长、体成分和鱼体必需氨基酸模式的影响。主要研究内容如下:
1.以初始体重10.20±0.14 g的鲈鱼为实验对象,在室内流水系统中进行为期9周的生长实验,探讨鲈鱼精制饲料中不同维生素A含量对生长和血清生化指标的影响。以酪蛋白和明胶为蛋白源,鱼油和豆油为脂肪源,糊精为糖源,并添加氨基酸混合物以模拟鲈鱼鱼体氨基酸组成,配制精制基础饲料。通过向基础饲料中添加维生素A醋酸酯使饲料中的维生素A含量分别达到0,1000,2000,4000,8000和16000 IU/kg(实测含量为245, 1005, 1835, 3781, 7583和15273 IU/kg),配制出6种等氮等能的实验饲料(饲料1-6)。养殖实验在室内流水系统的聚碳酸酯塑料桶(120L)中进行,每种饲料随机投喂3桶鲈鱼(10尾/桶),每天饱食投喂2次。实验期间水温为27.0-30.0℃,盐度为25-28‰,pH值在8.0-8.1之间,溶解氧含量在7 mg L-1左右。鲈鱼摄食不添加维生素A的饲料(饲料1)后,在养殖后期表现出较高的死亡率,眼球浮肿和鳍基充血等维生素A缺乏症。然而维生素A添加组(饲料2-6)并未出现类似症状。当饲料中维生素A含量在245-1835 IU/kg(饲料1-3)时,鲈鱼的增
Feeding trials were conducted to investigate the nutritional physiology of several vitamins and the potential of several protein sources as replacement of fish meal for Japanese seabass, Lateolabrax japonicus C. and large yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena crocea R. The researches of vitamins for juvenile Japanese seabass and large yellow croaker were conducted in indoor flow-though culture system. The studies on protein sources were conducted in sea floating cages (1.0×1.0×1.5 m or 1.5×1.5×2.0m). Results of the present study are presented as follows:
1. A 9 - week feeding experiment was conducted to estimate the effect of dietary vitamin A levels on growth and serum biochemical parameters for juvenile Japanese seabass, Lateolabrax japonicus. Six isonitrogenous (43% crude protein) and isoenergentic (20KJ g-1 dry matter) purified diets (Diets 1 - 6) containing 245, 1005, 1835, 3781, 7583 and 15273 IU vitamin A (supplied as retinyl acetate) per kg diet were fed twice daily to triplicate groups (10 fish / group) of fish (initial weight 10.20±0.14 g / fish) in 120 L plastic tanks. Water temperature ranged from 27.0 to 30.0℃, salinity from 25 to 28‰, pH from 8.0 to 8.1 and dissolved oxygen content was approximately 7 mg L-1 during the experiment. Fish fed the basal diet (Diet 1, 245 IU vitamin A / kg diet) developed heavy mortality, exophthalmos and haemorrhages at the base of the fins. None of these deficiency signs were observed in fish fed the vitamin A supplemented diets (Diets 2 - 6). Weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency ratio (FER) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) increased with increasing dietary vitamin A level up to 1835 IU / kg diet, and thereafter, level off. Liver vitamin A concentration in the fish increased with increasing dietary vitamin A level up to 3781 IU / kg diet (Diet 4), and thereafter,
1.以初始体重10.20±0.14 g的鲈鱼为实验对象,在室内流水系统中进行为期9周的生长实验,探讨鲈鱼精制饲料中不同维生素A含量对生长和血清生化指标的影响。以酪蛋白和明胶为蛋白源,鱼油和豆油为脂肪源,糊精为糖源,并添加氨基酸混合物以模拟鲈鱼鱼体氨基酸组成,配制精制基础饲料。通过向基础饲料中添加维生素A醋酸酯使饲料中的维生素A含量分别达到0,1000,2000,4000,8000和16000 IU/kg(实测含量为245, 1005, 1835, 3781, 7583和15273 IU/kg),配制出6种等氮等能的实验饲料(饲料1-6)。养殖实验在室内流水系统的聚碳酸酯塑料桶(120L)中进行,每种饲料随机投喂3桶鲈鱼(10尾/桶),每天饱食投喂2次。实验期间水温为27.0-30.0℃,盐度为25-28‰,pH值在8.0-8.1之间,溶解氧含量在7 mg L-1左右。鲈鱼摄食不添加维生素A的饲料(饲料1)后,在养殖后期表现出较高的死亡率,眼球浮肿和鳍基充血等维生素A缺乏症。然而维生素A添加组(饲料2-6)并未出现类似症状。当饲料中维生素A含量在245-1835 IU/kg(饲料1-3)时,鲈鱼的增
Feeding trials were conducted to investigate the nutritional physiology of several vitamins and the potential of several protein sources as replacement of fish meal for Japanese seabass, Lateolabrax japonicus C. and large yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena crocea R. The researches of vitamins for juvenile Japanese seabass and large yellow croaker were conducted in indoor flow-though culture system. The studies on protein sources were conducted in sea floating cages (1.0×1.0×1.5 m or 1.5×1.5×2.0m). Results of the present study are presented as follows:
1. A 9 - week feeding experiment was conducted to estimate the effect of dietary vitamin A levels on growth and serum biochemical parameters for juvenile Japanese seabass, Lateolabrax japonicus. Six isonitrogenous (43% crude protein) and isoenergentic (20KJ g-1 dry matter) purified diets (Diets 1 - 6) containing 245, 1005, 1835, 3781, 7583 and 15273 IU vitamin A (supplied as retinyl acetate) per kg diet were fed twice daily to triplicate groups (10 fish / group) of fish (initial weight 10.20±0.14 g / fish) in 120 L plastic tanks. Water temperature ranged from 27.0 to 30.0℃, salinity from 25 to 28‰, pH from 8.0 to 8.1 and dissolved oxygen content was approximately 7 mg L-1 during the experiment. Fish fed the basal diet (Diet 1, 245 IU vitamin A / kg diet) developed heavy mortality, exophthalmos and haemorrhages at the base of the fins. None of these deficiency signs were observed in fish fed the vitamin A supplemented diets (Diets 2 - 6). Weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency ratio (FER) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) increased with increasing dietary vitamin A level up to 1835 IU / kg diet, and thereafter, level off. Liver vitamin A concentration in the fish increased with increasing dietary vitamin A level up to 3781 IU / kg diet (Diet 4), and thereafter,
引文
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