新疆南天山艾尔宾古生代盆地地层学、沉积学分析
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摘要
塔里木板块北缘的艾尔宾古生代盆地是塔里木板块的重要组成部分,它位于虎拉山晚古生代裂陷槽以东,东阿莱-哈尔克古生代复合沟弧带东南,北以塔里木板块与准噶尔板块缝合线为界,南为库鲁克塔格陆缘地块。由于艾尔宾古生代盆地北邻两大板块的缝合带,使得研究其沉积相与沉积环境的背景具有了深刻的意义。通过野外实际工作和资料收集,结合室内研究分析及前人的认识,我们得出以下几点认识:
从古环境和构造运动的角度来看,艾尔宾古生代盆地是一个沉积期二个阶段的产物。第一阶段沉积了下志留统柯尔克孜塔木组、下泥盆统阿尔彼什麦布拉克组、中泥盆统阿拉塔格组、萨阿尔明组、上泥盆统哈孜尔布拉克组。此阶段沉积了一大套浅海陆棚相、生物礁相等浅海环境下的沉积岩。第二阶段沉积了下石炭统甘草湖组,该组依然为浅海相的沉积岩,但引构造环境的变化,与上一阶段为不整合接触。
从古生代本区所处的构造环境来看,志留纪至泥盆纪末期南天山洋盆为持续扩张期,本区沉积环境比较稳定,各组之间均为整合接触。石炭纪早期洋盆开始收缩,部分地层抬升并遭到剥蚀,使得下石炭统甘草湖组与上泥盆统哈孜尔布拉克组为不整合接触。
从盆地的属性看,艾尔宾古生代盆地属于板块离散产生的大陆边缘盆地:震旦纪塔里木板块罗丁尼亚超级大陆解体,经过早古生代微板块的碰撞拼接,志留纪以后,南天山洋开始从多个洋盆进入古生代南天山洋盆演化阶段,在塔里木板块北缘发育了一套海相沉积岩,从此形成艾尔宾古生代盆地。
通过塔里木盆地盆地的演化我们可以看出,从志留纪开始直至石炭纪早期结束,在塔里木盆地北缘沉积的一大套沉积岩均为被动大陆边缘沉积,发育了浅海陆棚相、生物礁相等浅海环境下沉积的沉积岩,构造环境稳定,所以艾尔宾古生代盆地的地层均为被动大陆边缘沉积,艾尔宾古生代盆地亦为被动大陆边缘沉积盆地。
Aierbin Paleozoic Basin which lies at north edge of Tarim plate is an important part of Tarim plate. It is located in the east of Hula Mountain late Paleozoic taphrogenic trough,southeast of East Alai-Haerke Paleozoic complex trench-arc belt.Its north boundary is the seam of Tarim plate and Junggar plate, and is adjacent to Kuruktag epicontinental block in the south.Because Aierbin Paleozoic Basin is adjacent to the seam of two plates in the north,there is much significance in the research of sedimentary facies and depositional environment.Through the integration of actual wild work , data collection,indoor study and understanding of predecessors, we get some understanding an follows:
According to ancient environment and tectonic movement, Aierbin Paleozoic Basinis production of two phases in one deposition period. The first period sedimentary productions are Kerkeztam Formation in Lower Silurian, Arbeshimaiblarke Formation in Lower Devonian,Arlatager Formation and Sarming Formation in Middle Devonian,Hazerblake Formation in Upper Devonian. It is a large set of sedimentary rocks of shallowshelf facies and biohermal facies in shallow water environment. The second sedimentary productions are Gancaohu Formation in Lower Carboniferous. It is still a set of sedimentary rocks of shallow water facies.But it is unconformity with first period for mations because of the variation of tectonic environment.
From tectonic environment in late Paleozoic in this area, South Tianshan ocean basin got in the stage of continual expansion from Silurian to late Devonian. The sedimentary environment was stable correspondingly,And the contact relations of the formations are conformities. Ocean basin began to shrink from late Carboniferous and part of strata were denuded because of rising up,which lead to unconformity of Gancaohu Formation in Lower Carboniferous and Hazerblake Formation in Upper Devonian.
From the attribute of basin, Aierbin Paleozoic Basin belongs to continent margin sedimentary basin which formed by plate dispersing:Tarim plate Rodinia supercontinentbegan to depart from Sinian Period.After collision and splicing between micro-plates in early Paleozoic, South Tianshan ocean basin began to closure stage from many basins stage and formed Aierbin Paleozoic Basin in the end.
From the evolution of Tarim basin, we can see that:the large set of sedimentary rocks in north edge of Tarim plate is a set of passive continent margin sedimentary rocks with great thickness of shallow shelf facies and biohermal facies sedimentary rocks in shallow water environment. So the strata in Aierbin Paleozoic Basin are formed by passive continent margin sedimentation, Aierbin Paleozoic Basin is also passive continent margin sedimentary basin.
从古环境和构造运动的角度来看,艾尔宾古生代盆地是一个沉积期二个阶段的产物。第一阶段沉积了下志留统柯尔克孜塔木组、下泥盆统阿尔彼什麦布拉克组、中泥盆统阿拉塔格组、萨阿尔明组、上泥盆统哈孜尔布拉克组。此阶段沉积了一大套浅海陆棚相、生物礁相等浅海环境下的沉积岩。第二阶段沉积了下石炭统甘草湖组,该组依然为浅海相的沉积岩,但引构造环境的变化,与上一阶段为不整合接触。
从古生代本区所处的构造环境来看,志留纪至泥盆纪末期南天山洋盆为持续扩张期,本区沉积环境比较稳定,各组之间均为整合接触。石炭纪早期洋盆开始收缩,部分地层抬升并遭到剥蚀,使得下石炭统甘草湖组与上泥盆统哈孜尔布拉克组为不整合接触。
从盆地的属性看,艾尔宾古生代盆地属于板块离散产生的大陆边缘盆地:震旦纪塔里木板块罗丁尼亚超级大陆解体,经过早古生代微板块的碰撞拼接,志留纪以后,南天山洋开始从多个洋盆进入古生代南天山洋盆演化阶段,在塔里木板块北缘发育了一套海相沉积岩,从此形成艾尔宾古生代盆地。
通过塔里木盆地盆地的演化我们可以看出,从志留纪开始直至石炭纪早期结束,在塔里木盆地北缘沉积的一大套沉积岩均为被动大陆边缘沉积,发育了浅海陆棚相、生物礁相等浅海环境下沉积的沉积岩,构造环境稳定,所以艾尔宾古生代盆地的地层均为被动大陆边缘沉积,艾尔宾古生代盆地亦为被动大陆边缘沉积盆地。
Aierbin Paleozoic Basin which lies at north edge of Tarim plate is an important part of Tarim plate. It is located in the east of Hula Mountain late Paleozoic taphrogenic trough,southeast of East Alai-Haerke Paleozoic complex trench-arc belt.Its north boundary is the seam of Tarim plate and Junggar plate, and is adjacent to Kuruktag epicontinental block in the south.Because Aierbin Paleozoic Basin is adjacent to the seam of two plates in the north,there is much significance in the research of sedimentary facies and depositional environment.Through the integration of actual wild work , data collection,indoor study and understanding of predecessors, we get some understanding an follows:
According to ancient environment and tectonic movement, Aierbin Paleozoic Basinis production of two phases in one deposition period. The first period sedimentary productions are Kerkeztam Formation in Lower Silurian, Arbeshimaiblarke Formation in Lower Devonian,Arlatager Formation and Sarming Formation in Middle Devonian,Hazerblake Formation in Upper Devonian. It is a large set of sedimentary rocks of shallowshelf facies and biohermal facies in shallow water environment. The second sedimentary productions are Gancaohu Formation in Lower Carboniferous. It is still a set of sedimentary rocks of shallow water facies.But it is unconformity with first period for mations because of the variation of tectonic environment.
From tectonic environment in late Paleozoic in this area, South Tianshan ocean basin got in the stage of continual expansion from Silurian to late Devonian. The sedimentary environment was stable correspondingly,And the contact relations of the formations are conformities. Ocean basin began to shrink from late Carboniferous and part of strata were denuded because of rising up,which lead to unconformity of Gancaohu Formation in Lower Carboniferous and Hazerblake Formation in Upper Devonian.
From the attribute of basin, Aierbin Paleozoic Basin belongs to continent margin sedimentary basin which formed by plate dispersing:Tarim plate Rodinia supercontinentbegan to depart from Sinian Period.After collision and splicing between micro-plates in early Paleozoic, South Tianshan ocean basin began to closure stage from many basins stage and formed Aierbin Paleozoic Basin in the end.
From the evolution of Tarim basin, we can see that:the large set of sedimentary rocks in north edge of Tarim plate is a set of passive continent margin sedimentary rocks with great thickness of shallow shelf facies and biohermal facies sedimentary rocks in shallow water environment. So the strata in Aierbin Paleozoic Basin are formed by passive continent margin sedimentation, Aierbin Paleozoic Basin is also passive continent margin sedimentary basin.
引文
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