临江南地区近地表沉积对地震采集资料分辨率影响因素的研究
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摘要
本文应用地质图、地形图、地物图、表层调查图等图件,实地踏勘,调查地物地貌和地质露头,分析不同区域的沉积物特点,运用地质学和地貌学知识,对临江南地区进行近地表沉积规律研究,分析表层结构的特点,影响地震资料分辨率的不同方面,确定了近地表沉积四个因素。从研究结果来看,临江南工区受松花江的河流地质作用形成了河流地貌,河流地质作用方式、沉积时间、沉积物、沉积连续性四个因素的不同形成了现在的不同类型表层结构,根据沉积特点将工区划分成4个区域:江湾河套区、河套平原区、高岗平台区和岗坡地,通过激发接收,在表层干扰、吸收衰减、激发岩性、虚反射、接收耦合等方面,增强了地震资料的干扰,降低了有效信号的能量,尤其是高频信号,对地震资料分辨率产生了影响。
近地表沉积的四个因素相互联系、相互影响,其中表层沉积时间长短决定了表层的压实效果,进而影响地震资料的分辨率,其他因素在本工区影响相对较小。
本文还提出了一些地震采集资料的分析方法,和一种较为成熟的提高采集分辨率的小药量多井组合的施工方法。
In this paper, the sediment characteristics of variant areas are analyzed based on the charts of the geology, topographty, region and surface survey. The orderliness of the surface sediment in southern Linjiang is researched using the geology and topographer to analyze the characteristics of the surface structure and variant affects of seismic resolution, and four factors affecting near surface sediments are defined. The river physiognomy including the mode of river geology, sediment time, sediment and depositing continuity formed by the geologic affect of Songhua river, comes into being the various surface structure at present. The project is divided into four zones based on the characteristic of the sediments, including the river gulfs, river plains, high flat-roof and sloping lands, which increases the interfering of seismic data and deceases the energy of the effective signals in surface interfering, absorbing attenuation, exploding lithology, pseudo reflection and received coupling.
Four factors of near surface sediments is interdependently and interact, whose time of surface sediments decides on the solidness of surface so as to affect the resolution of seismic data. The effects of the factors else is very little.
Some analysis methods, such as the seismic acquisition data and the construction that is little dynamite and shot-well combination to improve the resolution of seismic acquisition are put forward.
近地表沉积的四个因素相互联系、相互影响,其中表层沉积时间长短决定了表层的压实效果,进而影响地震资料的分辨率,其他因素在本工区影响相对较小。
本文还提出了一些地震采集资料的分析方法,和一种较为成熟的提高采集分辨率的小药量多井组合的施工方法。
In this paper, the sediment characteristics of variant areas are analyzed based on the charts of the geology, topographty, region and surface survey. The orderliness of the surface sediment in southern Linjiang is researched using the geology and topographer to analyze the characteristics of the surface structure and variant affects of seismic resolution, and four factors affecting near surface sediments are defined. The river physiognomy including the mode of river geology, sediment time, sediment and depositing continuity formed by the geologic affect of Songhua river, comes into being the various surface structure at present. The project is divided into four zones based on the characteristic of the sediments, including the river gulfs, river plains, high flat-roof and sloping lands, which increases the interfering of seismic data and deceases the energy of the effective signals in surface interfering, absorbing attenuation, exploding lithology, pseudo reflection and received coupling.
Four factors of near surface sediments is interdependently and interact, whose time of surface sediments decides on the solidness of surface so as to affect the resolution of seismic data. The effects of the factors else is very little.
Some analysis methods, such as the seismic acquisition data and the construction that is little dynamite and shot-well combination to improve the resolution of seismic acquisition are put forward.
引文
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[19]吕公河.地震勘探虚反射界面的测定及其利用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(3):296-298.
[20]刘振夏,丁持文,刘晓喜等.高分辨率三维勘探数据采集技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(1):37-44.
[21]王永刚,李振春,高洪海等.增加深层下传能量的野外试验及理论分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(2):232-237,244.
[22]汪恩华,贺振华,李庆忠.炸药激发子波信号的记录与研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(3):352-363.
[23]凌云.大地吸收衰减分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(1):1-8.
[24]凌云.激发药量与药型分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(5):584-590.
[25]钱绍湖.地震勘探中的分辨率问题[J].石油物探技术,1987(3),47-50.
[26]夏正楷.地貌学第四纪地质学与表层沉积结构分析[A].地震勘探采集技术论文集,北京:石油工业出版社,1993:1-14.
[27]张付生.陆上地震激发因素的选择方法探讨[J] .石油物探,2004,43(2):24-28.
[2] Gallowey W E , Hobday D K. Terrigenous clastic depositional system[J]. Springer-Verlag: New York,1983,256-259
[3] Posamentire H W,Weimer P.Siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy and petroleum geology—Where to from here? [A].AAPG Bull[C].1993,77(5):731-742.
[4] Vail P R,Audemard F,Bowman S A,et al.The stratigraphic signatures of tectonics , Eustasy and sedimentology—An overview . Cycles and Events in stratigraphy.Berlin Heidlberg:Springer -Verlag[J].1991.617-659.
[5] Van Wagoner,J.C.,Mitchum,R.M.,Campion.K.M.,et al.Siliciclastic sequence stratigraphy in well logs,core and outcrops:Concepts for high-resolution correlation of time and facies[A].AAPG Methods in Exploration Series[C].1990,(7):55.
[6]杨景春.地貌学教程[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1985,36-50.
[7]杨怀仁.第四纪地质[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1987,61-82.
[8]邹才能,张颖等.油气勘探开发实用地震新技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002,69-89.
[9]陆基孟.地震勘探原理[M].北京:石油大学出版社,2001,49-63.
[10]董敏煜.地震勘探[M].北京:石油大学出版社,2000,151-176.
[11] E.谢里夫.勘探地震学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999,143-152.
[12]高瑞祺,萧德铭等.松辽盆地勘探新进展[M].石油工业出版社,1996,91-102.
[13]李庆忠.走向精确勘探的道路[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993,63-87.
[14]杨俊保等.勘探地震学导论[M].长春:吉林科学技术出版社,1992,205-212.
[15]王德发,邓宏文.陆源碎屑沉积环境及沉积体系[M].北京:中国地质大学,1992,43-51.
[16]姚姚,詹正彬,钱绍湖.地震勘探新技术和新方法[M].北京:中国地质大学出版社,2002,98-104.
[17]裘尉庭,郝顺元,高章伟.地震勘探采集技术论文集[A].石油工业出版,1993,101-109.
[18]将连斌,何樵登等.高分辨率地震野外采集参数的选取[J].长春科技大学学报,1998(1),34-39.
[19]吕公河.地震勘探虚反射界面的测定及其利用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(3):296-298.
[20]刘振夏,丁持文,刘晓喜等.高分辨率三维勘探数据采集技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,1999,34(1):37-44.
[21]王永刚,李振春,高洪海等.增加深层下传能量的野外试验及理论分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(2):232-237,244.
[22]汪恩华,贺振华,李庆忠.炸药激发子波信号的记录与研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(3):352-363.
[23]凌云.大地吸收衰减分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(1):1-8.
[24]凌云.激发药量与药型分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(5):584-590.
[25]钱绍湖.地震勘探中的分辨率问题[J].石油物探技术,1987(3),47-50.
[26]夏正楷.地貌学第四纪地质学与表层沉积结构分析[A].地震勘探采集技术论文集,北京:石油工业出版社,1993:1-14.
[27]张付生.陆上地震激发因素的选择方法探讨[J] .石油物探,2004,43(2):24-28.