合流制排水管道沉积物调查研究
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摘要
水是生命的源泉,人们的日常生活离不开水。城市基础设施中,城市水体是一个重要组成部分,有人形象地把排水系统比做城市的命脉,是因为它在维持城市正常运行中必不可少。
排水管道运行过程中,大量固体颗粒沉积在管底,减小管道过流面积,影响排水系统的正常运转,严重的可导致污水溢流,造成环境污染。本课题组对巢湖市典型合流制排水管道沉积物进行了调查研究。
调研结果表明：合流制排水管道内沉积物普遍存在,位于不同区域的排水管道沉积量明显不同。同一点两次调研的沉积量也不相同。800mm的管道第一次调研沉积量为25mmm,第二次调研则为35mm,均高于同期其余点。
各个调研点物理指标干密度、颗粒粒径分布不尽相同,污染指标有机质、TN、TP存在明显差异,同一点的两次调研结果也不一样。沉积物的物理特性和污染特性与区域特征和管道内污水的复杂运动有关。绿化带第一次调研90%以上的颗粒粒径在0.075mm-2.36mm之间,干密度为0.2635g/cm3,有机质含量为25.65%,氮含量为12330mg/kg,磷含量为3631mg/kg,而第二次调研的颗粒粒径稍大,干密度为0.3644g/cm3,有机质含量为7.90%,氮含量为3507mg/kg,磷含量为3131mg/kg。
将沉积物配成溶液测定其COD、TN、NH3-N、TP、BOD5,发现其与沉积物的污染特性指标对应良好。
合流污水水质是旱流污水水质、雨水径流水质、管道沉积物冲刷共同作用的结果,水质状况比较复杂。通过试验计算得沉积物各污染物冲刷率：COD为22%,SS为6%,TN为21%,TP为20%。
Water is the headspring of life, people can't live without water. City water is an important part of the infrastructure of the city, sewer system is vividly likened the vitals of the city, and it is impossible to maintain the normal operation of the city without water.
During the operation of the sewer, a large number of solid particles deposit on the bottom, which reduce the pipe flow area, influence the normal operation of the sewer system, lead to sewage overflow, causing environmental pollution. The research group investigated and researched the sediments of combined sewer of Chaohu City.
The research results show that sediments are prevalent in combined sewer, and the amount is significantly different in sewer of different areas. The amount is also different in two researches in one point. The deposition of the first survey on 800mm sewer is 25mm and the second is 35mm, which are both higher than the other points in one period.
The physical parameters like dried mud density and particle size distribution of every research point are not the same, and the pollute parameters like organic matter, TN and TP are significantly different, and the two researches are also different in one point. Physical characteristics and pollution characteristics of sediments are connected with regional characteristics and the complex movement of wastewater in sewer. The first survey on green belt shows that more than 90% of particle size is between 0.075mm and 2.36mm, dry density is 0.2635g/cm3, organic matter content is 25.65%, nitrogen content is 12330mg/kg, phosphorus content is 3631 mg/kg, while the second survey shows that particle size is larger, dry density is 0.3644 g/cm3, organic matter content is 7.90%, nitrogen content is 3507mg/kg, phosphorus content is 3131mg/kg.
Sediments are mixed to liquor, and COD, TN, NH3-N, TP and BOD5 are determined, which match to pollution characteristics of sediments.
Combined sewage quality is resulted by dry weather flow, rainwater runoff and sediment erosion of sewerage, so the water quality is very complex. By test calculation, sediment erosion rate of pollutants are gained:COD is 22%, SS is 6%, TN is 21% and TP is 20%.
排水管道运行过程中,大量固体颗粒沉积在管底,减小管道过流面积,影响排水系统的正常运转,严重的可导致污水溢流,造成环境污染。本课题组对巢湖市典型合流制排水管道沉积物进行了调查研究。
调研结果表明：合流制排水管道内沉积物普遍存在,位于不同区域的排水管道沉积量明显不同。同一点两次调研的沉积量也不相同。800mm的管道第一次调研沉积量为25mmm,第二次调研则为35mm,均高于同期其余点。
各个调研点物理指标干密度、颗粒粒径分布不尽相同,污染指标有机质、TN、TP存在明显差异,同一点的两次调研结果也不一样。沉积物的物理特性和污染特性与区域特征和管道内污水的复杂运动有关。绿化带第一次调研90%以上的颗粒粒径在0.075mm-2.36mm之间,干密度为0.2635g/cm3,有机质含量为25.65%,氮含量为12330mg/kg,磷含量为3631mg/kg,而第二次调研的颗粒粒径稍大,干密度为0.3644g/cm3,有机质含量为7.90%,氮含量为3507mg/kg,磷含量为3131mg/kg。
将沉积物配成溶液测定其COD、TN、NH3-N、TP、BOD5,发现其与沉积物的污染特性指标对应良好。
合流污水水质是旱流污水水质、雨水径流水质、管道沉积物冲刷共同作用的结果,水质状况比较复杂。通过试验计算得沉积物各污染物冲刷率：COD为22%,SS为6%,TN为21%,TP为20%。
Water is the headspring of life, people can't live without water. City water is an important part of the infrastructure of the city, sewer system is vividly likened the vitals of the city, and it is impossible to maintain the normal operation of the city without water.
During the operation of the sewer, a large number of solid particles deposit on the bottom, which reduce the pipe flow area, influence the normal operation of the sewer system, lead to sewage overflow, causing environmental pollution. The research group investigated and researched the sediments of combined sewer of Chaohu City.
The research results show that sediments are prevalent in combined sewer, and the amount is significantly different in sewer of different areas. The amount is also different in two researches in one point. The deposition of the first survey on 800mm sewer is 25mm and the second is 35mm, which are both higher than the other points in one period.
The physical parameters like dried mud density and particle size distribution of every research point are not the same, and the pollute parameters like organic matter, TN and TP are significantly different, and the two researches are also different in one point. Physical characteristics and pollution characteristics of sediments are connected with regional characteristics and the complex movement of wastewater in sewer. The first survey on green belt shows that more than 90% of particle size is between 0.075mm and 2.36mm, dry density is 0.2635g/cm3, organic matter content is 25.65%, nitrogen content is 12330mg/kg, phosphorus content is 3631 mg/kg, while the second survey shows that particle size is larger, dry density is 0.3644 g/cm3, organic matter content is 7.90%, nitrogen content is 3507mg/kg, phosphorus content is 3131mg/kg.
Sediments are mixed to liquor, and COD, TN, NH3-N, TP and BOD5 are determined, which match to pollution characteristics of sediments.
Combined sewage quality is resulted by dry weather flow, rainwater runoff and sediment erosion of sewerage, so the water quality is very complex. By test calculation, sediment erosion rate of pollutants are gained:COD is 22%, SS is 6%, TN is 21% and TP is 20%.
引文
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[20]杨丽华.城市排水体制中存在的问题及对策[J].山西建筑,2003,29(16)：68-69.
[21]王淑芝,马秀凤,曲秀贤,等.城市排水管道堵塞的原因与防治措施[J].森林工程,2003,16(2)：58-59.
[22]肖俊斌.论排水管道工程施工存在的问题及对策[J].企业技术开发,2008,27(2)：19-20.
[23]朱景黝.我对北京市市政排水体制的重新认识[J].市政技术,1999,(1)：36-41.
[24]林家森.大城市老城区排水体制调查研究及改造对策[J].中国市政工程,2005,(2)：4345.
[25]唐龙.咸阳市排水体制的探讨[J].西北水力发电,2006,22(1)：193-194.
[26]汪常青.武汉市城市排水体制探讨[J].中国给水排水,2006,22(8)：12.15.
[27]Heaney J P, Wright L, Sample D, et al. Innovative wet-weather flow collection, control, and treatment systems for newly urbanizing areas in the 21stcentury[J]. In:Sustaining urban water resources in the 21 stcentury (Ed. Rowney C., Stahre P., Roesner LA.) ASCE,1999.
[28]Cotham W, Bidleman T. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in air at an urban and a rural site near lake Michigan[J]. Environ Sci & Technol,1995,29: 2782-2789.
[29]Hilts P. Fine particles in air cause many deaths, study suggests[J]. The New York Times, May 9,1996.
[30]Ashley R M, Crabtree R W. Sediment origins, deposition and build-up in combined sewer systems[J]. Wat Sci Tech,1992,25(8):1-12.
[31]Banasiak R, Verhoeven R, Sutter R, et al. The erosion behavior of biologically active sewer sediment deposits:observations from a laboratory study[J]. Water Res,2005,39(20): 5221-5231.
[32]Krajewski J, Bardin J, Gibello C. Long term monitoring of sewer sediment accumulation and flushing experiments in aman-entry sewer[J]. Water Sci Technol,2006,54(6-7):109-117.
[33]Pisano W C, Queiroz C S. Procedures for estimating dry weather pollutant deposition in sewerage systems[J]. EPA Report.600/2-84/020, NTIS PB 84141 480, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH,1977.
[34]周玉文,赵洪宾.排水管网理论与计算[J].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2000.
[35]谭琼,李田.排水系统模型在城市雨水水量管理中的应用研究[D].同济大学,2007.
[36]李莉,郝以琼.城市排水管道系统规划设计的研究[D].重庆大学,2004.
[37]Nalluri, C. and Alvarez, E.M. The Influence of Cohesion on Sediment Behavior[J]. Water Sci. Tech,1992,25(8).
[38]Ori Lahav, Amitai Sagiv, Eran Friedler, et al. A different approach for predicting H2S emission rates in gravity sewers[J]. Water Research,2006, (40):259-266.
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