GMPLS控制下的动态光网络
摘要
IP数据的高速增长使传送网在业务类型、流量模式等方面都发生了巨大变化。目前许多研究正致力将IP和WDM技术更紧密地结合起来,利用WDM所带来的带宽优势满足IP数据快速增长的需要。IP over WDM结构是传送网演进的方向,如何将传统点到点的光纤通道变为一种灵活的、可管理的光网络是当前必须解决的问题。在物理层,可重构光分插复用器(ROADM)和光交叉连接器(OXC)技术的应用使得光通道能够实现动态重构;在网络控制层,IETF扩展了多协议标签交换(MPLS)的概念,将交换对象从数据包扩展到波长,并将其抽象,推出通用多协议标签交换(GMPLS)作为包括光学层在内的不同交换层的统一控制平面。本论文依托课题组承担的“十五”研究项目“可重构光分插复用设备”,着力于工程实现这个目标,对“①ROADM实现结构、②物理层约束下的光网络路由、③支撑动态光网络的数据通信网(DCN)”三个主题展开研究。
本论文主要工作及创新点包括以下内容:
1.比较基于不同结构的ROADM的实现优势和其在网络中的使用特点。提出基于WSS器件的4自由度ROADM新型实现方法,该结构可以满足网状网应用要求。
2.提出新的基于物理层损伤约束的动态路由与波长分配算法,分析了在实际的传输系统中光功率、偏振模色散和光信噪比对光信号传输的损伤。计算结果显示,对比传统路由算法,使用该算法够降低系统的平均阻塞率。
3.完成GMPLS路由协议(OSPF-TE)扩展。在GMPLS控制ROADM网络中,该扩展能支持端口对光波长选路约束条件下的路由算法。
4.设计了新型基于STM-1帧结构的光监控通道(OSC)方案。创新地引入MPLS来实现DCN以保障其QoS,实现时分复用数据和分组数据的混合传输。该方案满足GMPLS控制平面对DCN大带宽、高可靠性的要求。
5.作为主研人参与国内第一台基于波长阻塞器(WB)结构ROADM设备的设计和工程实现,完成系统结构设计、硬件设计、软件结构和系统测试。设备测试结果满足设计要求,并通过了相关单位组织的验收。
The types of service and models of traffic in the transport networks have changed because of the increasing of IP data. A lots of researches focuses in the combination of IP and WDM at present. The wide-band of WDM can meet the growth of IP data. The evolution tendency of the transport networks results in the structure named "IP over WDM". How to change the point-to-point optical channel to the flexible and manageable optical networks is an urgent problem. In physical layer, the optical channel has become reconfigurable by the using of the ROADMs and OXCs. Generalized multi-protocol label switching (GMPLS), being developed by IETF, provides a unified control plane for the variety layer including optical layer in the control layer. GMPLS extend the capabilities from packet-based to wavelength-base. This dissertation is supported by the 10th five-years Plan Advance Research Fund Program "Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer", and aims at the engineering realization. Three key research topics are selected: (1) The realization of ROADM, (2) Physical-layer considerations routing and wavelength assignment algorithm, and (3) The data communication networks (DCN) that supports the control layer in the dynamic optical networks.
The main contents and innovations of this dissertation as follows:
1. Different architectures of ROADM have been compared about its advantage and disadvantage, and the characteristics of the usage. A 4-degree ROADM based WSS was proposed to meet the requirement of mesh networks.
2. The factors were investigated in optical transmission including the optical power, PMD and OSNR. A novel algorithm named Physical-Layer Considerations Dynamic Routing and wavelength assignment (PCDRWA) was developed. The performance of the proposed strategies was demonstrated to decrease the blocking probability through illustrative numerical examples.
3. The routing protocol (OSPF-TE) in GMPLS was extended to support the algorithm with the constraint of ports in GMPLS-controlled ROADM.
4. The structure of OSC which based on STM-1 was proposed. The DCN is MPLS-based for high QoS. TDM and packet is mixedly transported. It can meet the requirement of the GMPLS-based control plane for the wide-band and high QoS.
5. The engineering realization of the first wavelengthsblocker-based ROADM was done including system structure, hardware, software, and system test in PRC. The result of operation showed that it can meet the requirement of design, and the ROADM has been checked and accepted.
本论文主要工作及创新点包括以下内容:
1.比较基于不同结构的ROADM的实现优势和其在网络中的使用特点。提出基于WSS器件的4自由度ROADM新型实现方法,该结构可以满足网状网应用要求。
2.提出新的基于物理层损伤约束的动态路由与波长分配算法,分析了在实际的传输系统中光功率、偏振模色散和光信噪比对光信号传输的损伤。计算结果显示,对比传统路由算法,使用该算法够降低系统的平均阻塞率。
3.完成GMPLS路由协议(OSPF-TE)扩展。在GMPLS控制ROADM网络中,该扩展能支持端口对光波长选路约束条件下的路由算法。
4.设计了新型基于STM-1帧结构的光监控通道(OSC)方案。创新地引入MPLS来实现DCN以保障其QoS,实现时分复用数据和分组数据的混合传输。该方案满足GMPLS控制平面对DCN大带宽、高可靠性的要求。
5.作为主研人参与国内第一台基于波长阻塞器(WB)结构ROADM设备的设计和工程实现,完成系统结构设计、硬件设计、软件结构和系统测试。设备测试结果满足设计要求,并通过了相关单位组织的验收。
The types of service and models of traffic in the transport networks have changed because of the increasing of IP data. A lots of researches focuses in the combination of IP and WDM at present. The wide-band of WDM can meet the growth of IP data. The evolution tendency of the transport networks results in the structure named "IP over WDM". How to change the point-to-point optical channel to the flexible and manageable optical networks is an urgent problem. In physical layer, the optical channel has become reconfigurable by the using of the ROADMs and OXCs. Generalized multi-protocol label switching (GMPLS), being developed by IETF, provides a unified control plane for the variety layer including optical layer in the control layer. GMPLS extend the capabilities from packet-based to wavelength-base. This dissertation is supported by the 10th five-years Plan Advance Research Fund Program "Reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer", and aims at the engineering realization. Three key research topics are selected: (1) The realization of ROADM, (2) Physical-layer considerations routing and wavelength assignment algorithm, and (3) The data communication networks (DCN) that supports the control layer in the dynamic optical networks.
The main contents and innovations of this dissertation as follows:
1. Different architectures of ROADM have been compared about its advantage and disadvantage, and the characteristics of the usage. A 4-degree ROADM based WSS was proposed to meet the requirement of mesh networks.
2. The factors were investigated in optical transmission including the optical power, PMD and OSNR. A novel algorithm named Physical-Layer Considerations Dynamic Routing and wavelength assignment (PCDRWA) was developed. The performance of the proposed strategies was demonstrated to decrease the blocking probability through illustrative numerical examples.
3. The routing protocol (OSPF-TE) in GMPLS was extended to support the algorithm with the constraint of ports in GMPLS-controlled ROADM.
4. The structure of OSC which based on STM-1 was proposed. The DCN is MPLS-based for high QoS. TDM and packet is mixedly transported. It can meet the requirement of the GMPLS-based control plane for the wide-band and high QoS.
5. The engineering realization of the first wavelengthsblocker-based ROADM was done including system structure, hardware, software, and system test in PRC. The result of operation showed that it can meet the requirement of design, and the ROADM has been checked and accepted.
引文
[1] J.-A. Jun, H.-C. Kim, and K.-H. Lee, "High-speed IP forwarding mechanism for an MPOA-based Switched Router," Tampa, FL, USA, 2000, pp. 696-697.
[2] G. Armitage, "MPLS: the magic behind the myths [multiprotocol label switching],"Communications Magazine, IEEE, vol. 38, pp. 124-131, 2000.
[3] P. Belotti, A. Capone, G. Carello, F. Malucelli, F. Senaldi, and A. Totaro, "MPLS over transport network: two layer approach to network design with statistical multiplexing," in Next Generation Internet Design and Engineering, 2006. NGI '06. 2006 2nd Conference on, 2006, p. 8 pp.
[4] I. Hussain, "Overview of MPLS technology and traffic engineering applications," in Networking and Communication, 2004. INCC 204. International Conference on, 2004, p. xvi.
[5] O. Canhui, L. H. Sahasrabuddhe, Z. Keyao, C. U. Mattel, and B. Mukherjee, "Survivable virtual concatenation for data over SONET/SDH in optical transport networks," Networking, IEEE/ACM Transactions on, vol. 14, pp. 218-231,2006.
[6] H. A. F. Crispim, E. T. L. Pastor, H. Abdalla, Jr., A. J. M. Soares, and S. M. Rossi, "Optical transparent IP/WDM network testbed," in Testbeds and Research Infrastructures for the Development of Networks and Communities, 2006. TRIDENTCOM 2006. 2nd International Conference on, 2006, p. 6 pp.
[7] L. Guangzhi, W. Dongmei, Y. Jennifer, D. Robert, and K. Charles, "IP over optical cross-connect architectures," Communications Magazine, IEEE, vol. 45, pp. 34-39,2007.
[8] W. T. Anderson, "MONET project- a final report," Baltimore, MD, USA, 2000, pp. 148-149.
[9] A. A. M. Saleh, "Review of the MONET project," Chiba, Jpn, 1997, p. 12.
[10] C. S. Peter Tomsu, Next Generation Optical Networks: The Convergence of IP Intelligence and Optical Technologies: Prentice-Hall, 2003.
[11] J. Y. Wei, "Advances in the management and control of optical internet," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 20, pp. 768-785, 2002.
[12] S. Chaudhuri, S. Chaudhuri, and E. Goldstein, "On the value of optical-layer reconfigurability in IP-over-WDM lightwave networks," Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE, vol. 12, pp. 1097-1099,2000.
[13] V. A. Vaishampayan and M. D. Feuer, "An overlay architecture for managing lightpaths in optically routed networks," Communications, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 53, pp. 1729-1737, 2005.
[14] C. A. Al Sayeed, A. Vukovic, O. W. W. Yang, H. Hua, and T. Nguyen, "The integration of ROADMs into next generation metro optical network," in Photonics North 2006, Quebec City, QB,Canada, 2006, p. 63433.
[15] C. A. Al Sayeed, "Characterization and experimental validation of reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers for next generation network," Canada: University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006.
[16] P. Risbood, C. Nuzman, N. Nithi, and S. Patel, "ROADM enabled optimization in WDM rings,"2005, p. 3 pp. Vol. 3.
[17] V. Kaman, R. J. Helkey, and J. E. Bowers, "Multi-Degree ROADM's with Agile Add-Drop Access," in Photonics in Switching, 2007,2007, pp. 31-32.
[18] J. Wagener and T. Strasser, "Characterization of the economic impact of stranded bandwidth in fixed OADM relative to ROADM networks," 2006, p. 3 pp.
[19] J. Y. Wei, S. Chien-Chung, B. J. Wilson, and M. J. Post, "Network control and management of a reconfigurable WDM network," in Military Communications Conference, 1996. MILCOM '96,Conference Proceedings, IEEE, 1996, pp. 581-586 vol.2.
[20] S. Lakshmanan, D. S. Shah, M. Tacca, A. Fumagalli, A. Paradisi, and S. M. Rossi, "An IP-centric control plane for survivable WDM mesh networks: experimental results on the OMEGA test-bed," in IP Operations and Management, 2002 IEEE Workshop on, 2002, pp. 154-158.
[21] J. Y. Wei, C.-D. Liu, S.-Y. Park, K. H. Liu, R. S. Ramamurthy, H. Kim, and M. W. Maeda,"Network control and management for the next generation Internet," IEICE Transactions on Communications, vol. E83-B, pp. 2191-2209, 2000.
[22] J. Cornelias, R. Martinez, J. Prat, V. Sales, and G. Junyent, "Integrated IP/WDM routing in GMPLS-based optical networks," Network, IEEE, vol. 17, pp. 22-27,2003.
[23] E. Oki, K. Shiomoto, D. Shimazaki, N. Yamanaka, W. Imajuku, and Y. Takigawa, "Dynamic multilayer routing schemes in GMPLS-based IP+optical networks," Communications Magazine,IEEE, vol. 43, pp. 108-114,2005.
[24] I. Baldine, I. Baldine, G. N. Rouskas, H. G. Perros, and D. A. S. D. Stevenson, "JumpStart: a just-in-time signaling architecture for WDM burst-switched networks," Communications Magazine,IEEE, vol. 40, pp. 82-89,2002.
[25] K. Sato, N. Yamanaka, Y. Takigawa, M. Koga, S. Okamoto, K. Shiomoto, E. Oki, and W. Imajuku, "GMPLS-based photonic multilayer router (Hikari router) architecture: an overview of traffic engineering and signaling technology," Communications Magazine, IEEE, vol. 40, pp. 96-101,2002.
[26] R. Munoz, P. Vazquez, I. Martinez, M. Requena, C. Pinart, and G. Junyent, "Optical transport network of the ADRENALINE testbed: GMPLS metropolitan all-optical tuneable AWG-based R-OADM ring," in Testbeds and Research Infrastructures for the Development of Networks and Communities, 2006. TRIDENTCOM 2006. 2nd International Conference on, 2006, p. 10 pp.
[27] D. Project, "Dynamic Resource Allocation via GMPLS Optical Networks,"http://dragon.maxgigapop.net.
[1]S.Robinson,”用第三代ROADM确保网络盈利,”in光波中文版,2006.
[2]J.Wagener and T.Strasser,"Characterization of the economic impact of stranded bandwidth in fixed OADM relative to ROADM networks," 2006,p.3 pp.
[3]K.Grobe,"Applications of ROADMs and Control Planes in Metro and Regional Networks," in Optical Fiber Communication and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference,2007.OFC/NFOEC 2007.Conference on,2007,pp.1-12.
[4]C.Nuzman,J.Leuthold,R.Ryf,S.Chandrasekhar,C.R.Giles,and D.T.Neilson,"Design and implementation of wavelength-flexible network nodes," Lightwave Technology,Journal of,vol.21,pp.648-663,2003.
[5]S.CLAVENNA,"ROADM & WDM Worldwide Market Forecast,2006-2011," Heavy Reading 2006.
[6]I.Redpath,D.Cooperson,and R.Kline,"Metro WDM networks develop an edge," in OFC 2006,Anaheim,CA,United States,2006,p.1636803.
[7]C.A.Al Sayeed,A.Vukovic,O.W.W.Yang,H.Hua,and T.Nguyen,"The integration of ROADMs into next generation metro optical network," in Photonics North 2006,Quebec City,QB,Canada,2006,p.63433.
[8]W.I.Way,"ROADM technology review:Why,when,what,where,and how?," Boston,MA,United States,2006,p.63880.
[9]J.K.Rhee,I.Tomkos,and L.Ming-Jun,"A broadcast-and-select OADM optical network with dedicated optical-channel protection," Lightwave Technology,Journal of,vol.21,pp.25-31,2003.
[10]C.A.Al Sayeed,A.Vukovic,and O.W.W.Yang,"Performance Optimization of PLC-based ROADM Subsystem in Ring-to-Ring Interconnection," in ICC'06,2006,pp.2764-2769.
[I1]E.B.Basch,R.Egorov,S.Gringeri,and S.Elby,"Architectural tradeoffs for reconfigurable dense wavelength-division multiplexing systems," Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics,IEEE Journal of,vol.12,pp.615-626,2006.
[12]L.Eldada,J.Fujita,A.Radojevic,T.Izuhara,R.Gerhardt,S.Jiandong,D.Pant,F.Wang,and A.Malek,"40-channel ultra-low-power compact PLC-based ROADM subsystem," 2006,p.9 pp.
[13]S.Mechels,L.Muller,G.D.Morley,and D.Tillett,"1D MEMS-based wavelength switching subsystem," Communications Magazine,IEEE,vol.41,pp.88-94,2003.
[14]A.Morea and I.B.Heard,"Availability of Translucent Networks Based on WSS Nodes,Comparison with Opaque Networks," 2006,pp.43-47.
[15]C.R.Doerr,"Degree-4 node using a single wavelength-selective switch," 2006,pp.1-3.
[16]S.Suzuki,A.Himeno,and M.Ishii,"Integrated muitichannel optical wavelength selective switches incorporating an arrayed-waveguide grating multiplexer and thermooptic switches," Lightwave Technology,Journal of,vol.16,pp.650-655,1998.
[17]J.Tsai,S.Huang,H.Dooyoung,H.Toshiyoshi,and M.C.Wu,"Open-loop operation of MEMS-based 1/spl times/N wavelength-selective switch with long-term stability and repeatability,"Photonics Technology Letters,IEEE,vol.16,pp.1041-1043,2004.
[18]魏晓强,“ROADM技术发展及标准进展,”中兴通信股份有限公司,2007.
[19]刘晓枫,“ROADM技术简介及演进方向,”电信网技术,2007.12.
[20]K.Sato,N.Yamanaka,Y.Takigawa,M.Koga,S.Okamoto,K.Shiomoto,E.Oki,and W.Imajuku,"GMPLS-based photonic multilayer router(Hikari router)architecture:an overview of traffic engineering and signaling technology," Communications Magazine,IEEE,vol.40,pp.96-101, 2002.
[21] S. Al Zahr, S. Al Zahr, M. Gagnaire, N. Puech, and M. A. K. M. Koubaa, "Physical layer impairments in WDM core networks: a comparison between a North-American backbone and a Pan-European backbone," in Broadband Networks, 2005 2nd International Conference on, 2005, pp.1258-1263 Vol.2.
[22] C. Politi, C. Politi, V. Anagnostopoulos, C. Matrakidis, and A. A. S. A. Stavdas, "Physical layer impairment aware routing algorithms based on analytically calculated Q-factor," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, 2006 and the 2006 National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference. OFC 2006, 2006, p. 3 pp.
[23] R. Martinez, R. Munoz, J. Sorribes, J. Cornelias, and G Junyeut, "Experimental GMPLS-based dynamic routing in all-optical wavelength-routed networks," Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, 2005, pp.193-196.
[1] H. Yurong, H. Yurong, J. P. Heritage, and B. Mukherjee, "Connection provisioning with transmission impairment consideration in optical WDM networks with high-speed channels," Lightwave Technology, Journal of, vol. 23, pp. 982-993,2005.
[2] M. G S. Al Zahr, N. Puech, "Impact of wavelength assignment strategies on Hybrid WDM network planning," in DRCN 2007 La Rochelle-France, September 2007.
[3] G Armitage, "MPLS: the magic behind the myths," Communications Magazine, IEEE, vol. 38, pp.124-131,2000.
[4] T. Benjamin, A. A. Ahmet, C. Chi-Hung Kelvin, and N. Ramesh, "MPLS Network Requirements and Design for Carriers: Wireline and Wireless Case Studies," in Telecommunications Network Strategy and Planning Symposium, 2006. NETWORKS 2006.12th International, 2006, pp. 1-6.
[5] Altera, "Implementing Multiprotocol Label Switching with Altera PLDs," January 2001.
[6] I. Hussain, Fault tolerant IP and MPLS networks: Cisco Press, 2004.
[7] I. Hussain, "Overview of MPLS technology and traffic engineering applications," in Networking and Communication, 2004. INCC 204. International Conference on, 2004, p. xvi.
[8] E. E. Mannie, "Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Architecture." vol. RFC3945:IETF, October 2004.
[9] A. V. E. Rosen, and R. Callon, "Multiprotocol Label Switching Architecture." vol. RFC3031: IETF,2001.
[10] S. Lakshmanan, D. S. Shah, M. Tacca, A. Fumagalli, A. Paradisi, and S. M. Rossi, "An IP-centric control plane for survivable WDM mesh networks: experimental results on the OMEGA test-bed," in IP Operations and Management, 2002 IEEE Workshop on, 2002, pp. 154-158.
[11] J. Y. Wei, C.-D. Liu, S.-Y. Park, K. H. Liu, R. S. Ramamurthy, H. Kim, and M. W. Maeda, "Network control and management for the next generation Internet," IEICE Transactions on Communications, vol.E83-B,pp. 2191-2209,2000.
[12] J. Cornelias, R. Martinez, J. Prat, V. Sales, and G Junyent, "Integrated IP/WDM routing in GMPLS-based optical networks," Network, IEEE, vol. 17, pp. 22-27,2003.
[13] E. Oki, K. Shiomoto, D. Shimazaki, N. Yamanaka, W. Imajuku, and Y. Takigawa, "Dynamic multilayer routing schemes in GMPLS-based IP+optical networks," Communications Magazine, IEEE, vol. 43, pp.108-114,2005.
[14] I. Baldine, I. Baldine, G N. Rouskas, H. G Perros, and D. A. S. D. Stevenson, "JumpStart: a just-in-time signaling architecture for WDM burst-switched networks," Communications Magazine, IEEE, vol. 40, pp.82-89,2002.
[15] J. Lang, "Link Management Protocol". vol. RFC4204: IETF, October 2005.
[16] E. K. Kompella, "Routing Extensions in Support of Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS)." vol. RFC4202: IETF, October 2005.
[17] E. K. Kompella, Y. Rekhter, Ed., "OSPF Extensions in Support of Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS)." vol. RFC4203: IETF, October 2005.
[18] E. L. Berger, "Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Signaling Resource Reservation Protocol-Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) Extensions." vol. RFC3473, IETF, Ed., January 2003.
[19] P. Ashwood-Smith, "Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Signaling Constraint-based Routed Label Distribution Protocol (CR-LDP) Extensions." vol. RFC3472, IETF, Ed., January 2003.
[20] J. J. H Zang, B Mukherjee, "A Review of Routing and Wavelength Assignment Approaches for Wavelength Routed Optical WDM Networks," OPTICAL NETWORKS MAGAZINE, p. 47, January 2000.
[21]D.Banerjee,D.Banerjee,and B.Mukherjee,"A practical approach for routing and wavelength assignment in large wavelength-routed optical networks," Selected Areas in Communications,IEEE Journal on,vol.14,pp.903-908,1996.
[22]A.Mokhtar,A.Mokhtar,and M.Azizoglu,"Adaptive wavelength routing in all-optical networks,"Networking,IEEE/ACM Transactions on,vol.6,pp.197-206,1998.
[23]F.Kuipers,F.Kuipers,P.Van Mieghem,T.Korkmaz,and M.A.K.M.Krunz," An overview of constraint-based path selection algorithms for QoS routing," Communications Magazine,IEEE,vol.40,pp.50-55,2002.
[24]J.Strand,J.Strand,A.L.Chiu,and R.Tkach,"Issues for routing in the optical layer," Communications Magazine,IEEE,vol.39,pp.81-87,2001.
[25]C.Politi,C.Politi,V.Anagnostopoulos,C.Matrakidis,and A.A.S.A.Stavdas,"Physical layer impairment aware routing algorithms based on analytically calculated Q-factor," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference,2006 and the 2006 National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference.OFC 2006,2006,p.3 pp.
[26]H.Liu,E.Bouillet,D.Pendarakis,N.Komaee,J.Labourdette,and S.Chaudhuri,"Analysis of GMPLS OSPF-TE protocol and its enhancement for routing in optical networks," Philadelphia,PA,United States,2004,pp.17-25.
[27]Z.Hui,Z.Hui,J.P.Jue,L.Sahasrabuddhe,R.A.R.R.Ramamurthy,and B.A.M.B.Mukherjee,"Dynamic lightpath establishment in wavelength routed WDM networks," Communications Magazine,IEEE,vol.39,pp.100-108,2001.
[28]D.Eppstein,"Finding the k shortest paths," in Foundations of Computer Science,1994 Proceedings.,35th Annual Symposium on,1994,pp.154-165.
[29]D.Medhi,"Network routing:algorithms,protocols,and architectures " in The Morgan Kaufmann series in networking,K.Ramasamy,Ed.:Morgan Kaufmann Publishers,2007,p.49-51.
[30]F.R.Durand,F.R.Durand,M.A.C.Lima,A.C.Cesar,and E.A.M.E.Moschim,"Impact of PMD on hybrid WDM/OCDM networks," Photonics Technology Letters,IEEE,vol.17,pp.2787-2789,2005.
[31]R.W.Tkach,R.W.Tkach,E.L.Goldstein,J.A.Nagei,and J.L.A.S.J.L.Strand,"Fundamental limits of optical transparency," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibit,1998.OFC'98.,Technical Digest,1998,pp.161-162.
[32]F.Kuipers,F.Kuipers,T.Korkmaz,M.Krunz,and P.A.V.M.P.Van Mieghem,"Performance evaluation of constraint-based path selection algorithms," Network,IEEE,vol.18,pp.16-23,2004.
[33]S.Al Zahr,S.Al Zahr,M.Gagnaire,N.Puech,and M.A.K.M.Koubaa,"Physical layer impairments in WDM core networks:a comparison between a North-American backbone and a Pan-European backbone," in Broadband Networks,2005 2nd International Conference on,2005,pp.1258-1263 Vol.2.
[34]C.Pinart,C.Pinart,E.Le Rouzic,and I.Martinez,"Physical-Layer Considerations for The Realistic Deployment of Impairment-Aware Connection Provisioning," in Transparent Optical Networks,2007.ICTON'07.9th International Conference on,2007,pp.134-137.
[35]D.Chowdhury,"Polarization mode dispersion in optical communication systems," Anaheim,CA,2001,pp.1-1.
[36]徐志根、周炳琨、张汉一、李艳和、郭奕理、郑小平、秦涛,”波分复用光传送网中光路的噪声积累模型,”中国激光,vol.31,p.1222,2004.10.
[37]G.P.Agrawal,Lightwave Technology:Telecommunication Systems:John Wiley & Sons,2005.
[38]B.Ramamurthy,B.Ramamurthy,D.Datta,H.Feng,J.P.A.H.J.P.Heritage,and B.A.M.B.Mukherjee, "Impact of transmission impairments on the teletraffic performance of wavelength-routed optical networks," Lightwave Technology, Journal of, vol. 17, pp. 1713-1723,1999.
[1]G.872,"Architecture of optical transport networks," ITU-T,2001.
[2]G.798,"Characteristics of optical transport network hierarchy equipment functional blocks," ITU-T,2004.
[3]J.Y.Wei,"The role of DCN in optical WDM networks," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference,2000,pp.142-144 vol.4.
[4]G.709,"Interfaces for the Optical Transport Network(OTN)," ITU-T,2003.
[5]K.N.S.Rajiv Ramaswami,光网络:组网技术分析:机械工业出版社,2004.
[6]G.7712,"Architecture and specification of data communication network," ITU-T,2003.
[7]J.Y.Wei,C.-D.Liu,S.-Y.Park,K.H.Liu,R.S.Ramamurthy,H.Kim,and M.W.Maeda,"Network control and management for the next generation Internet," IEICE Transactions on Communications,vol.E83-B,pp.2191-2209,2000.
[8]J.Y.Wei,"Advances in the management and control of optical internet," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,vol.20,pp.768-785,2002.
[9]J.Basak,R.Sadhwani,and B.Jalali,"WDM pilot tone technique for analogue optical links,"Electronics Letters,vol.39,pp.1083-1084,2003.
[10]F.Liu,Q.Zeng,S.Xiao,X.Zhu,and J.Xu,"Optical network management with OSC," in The International Society for Optical Engineering,Nanjing,China,2001,pp.195-200.
[11]L.Hyun Jae,J.H.Bang,K.Je-Soo,K.Chang-Bong,and K.Ik-Sang,"Dynamic gain control of booster amplifier(EDFA)using an optical supervisory channel power adjustment in WDM transmission systems," 2001,pp.278-281.
[12]S.Jongyoon,K.Yool,and K.Jesoo,"Optical supervisory channel subsystem for 1.6T WDM transmission system," 2004,pp.402-404.
[13]Y.Sato,Y.Yamabayashi,and K.-i.Aoyama,"Supervisory channel scheme for EDFA transmission systems that uses," Journal of Lightwave Technology,vol.11,pp.1652-1658,1993.
[14]P.Bonenfant and A.R.Moral,"Digital wrappers for IP over WDM systems," Aventura,FL,USA,2000,pp.5-6.
[15]S.Z.Kathy Wang,”DWDM OSC光监控信道应用简介,”Fiberxon Inc,2006.
[16]G.704,"Synchronous frame structures used at 1544,6312,2048,8448 and 44736 kbit/s hierarchical," ITU-T,1998.
[17]张杰and顾畹仪,”智能光网络中的OA&M系统分析与设计,”光通信研究,2004.
[18]曾旭红,“ASON网络中的DCN”,电信网技术,vol.03,2006.03.
[19]张晖、毛东峰、杨爱平、张杰、顾畹仪,”ASON中业务到达率利阻塞率问题分析,”光通信技术,vol.08,2004.08.
[20]Z.A.Uzmi,"Restoration routing in multi-protocol label switching(MPLS)networks," in Emerging Technologies,2005.Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on,2005,p.ⅹⅵ.
[21]S.Gringeri and T.Rarick,"Packet and TDM transport integration:how,when and why?," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference,2006 and the 2006 National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference.OFC 2006,2006,p.10 pp.
[22]L.Noirie,"Mixed TDM and packet technologies as a best compromise solution to ensure a cost-effective bandwidth use with the current traffic evolution," in Next Generation lnternet Networks,2005,2005,pp.466-473.
[23]S.V.Kartalopoulos,Next generation SONET/SDH:voice and data IEEE Press 2004.
[24]G.Held,High speed digital transmission networking Wiley,1999.
[25]张松炜、张云麟、张治中,”基于FPGA的8E1时隙交换的数字交叉IP核的实现,”重庆邮电学院学报(自然科学版),vol.18,2006.04.
[26]朱志亮、邱绍峰,”基于FPGA的STM-1数据采集卡的硬件设计,”通信技术,vol.40,2007.11.
[27]B.L.H.Jonathan Chao,High performance switches and routers:John Wiley & Sons,2007.
[28]杨利、阮方、葛宁,”基于Packet over SDH的以太网业务接入的设计实现,”网络与通信,vol.02,2002.02.
[29]A.V.E.Rosen,and R.Callon,"Multiprotocol Label Switching Architecture." vol.RFC3031:IETF,2001.
[30]R.Peterkin and D.lonescu,"Embedded MPLS Architecture," in Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium,2005.Proceedings.19th IEEE International,2005,pp.170a-170a.
[31]J.Lawrence,"Designing multiprotocol label switching networks," Communications Magazine,IEEE,vol.39,pp.134-142,2001.
[32]A.M.lonescu-Graff,F.Magee,S.Prakash,B.Tang,and A.Zhu,"Quantifying the value propositions of MPLS evolution;why and when to migrate to a converged MPLS core?," in Telecommunications Network Strategy and Planning Symposium.NETWORKS 2004,11th International,2004,pp.45-50.
[33]I.Hussain,"Overview of MPLS technology and traffic engineering applications," in Networking and Communication,2004.INCC 204.International Conference on,2004,p.ⅹⅳ.
[34]D.O.Awduche,"MPLS and traffic engineering in IP networks," Communications Magazine,IEEE,vol.37,pp.42-47,1999.
[35]I.Hussain,Fault tolerant IP and MPLS networks:Cisco Press,2004.
[36]K.S.Naoaki Yamanaka,Eiji Oki,GMPLS Technologies:CRC Press,2006.
[1]G.692,"Optical interfaces for multichannel systems with optical amplifiers," ITU-T,1998.
[2]Y.T.1060-2000,”光波分复用系统(WDM)技术要求——32x2.5Gbit/s部分,”通信行业标准,2000.
[2] G. Armitage, "MPLS: the magic behind the myths [multiprotocol label switching],"Communications Magazine, IEEE, vol. 38, pp. 124-131, 2000.
[3] P. Belotti, A. Capone, G. Carello, F. Malucelli, F. Senaldi, and A. Totaro, "MPLS over transport network: two layer approach to network design with statistical multiplexing," in Next Generation Internet Design and Engineering, 2006. NGI '06. 2006 2nd Conference on, 2006, p. 8 pp.
[4] I. Hussain, "Overview of MPLS technology and traffic engineering applications," in Networking and Communication, 2004. INCC 204. International Conference on, 2004, p. xvi.
[5] O. Canhui, L. H. Sahasrabuddhe, Z. Keyao, C. U. Mattel, and B. Mukherjee, "Survivable virtual concatenation for data over SONET/SDH in optical transport networks," Networking, IEEE/ACM Transactions on, vol. 14, pp. 218-231,2006.
[6] H. A. F. Crispim, E. T. L. Pastor, H. Abdalla, Jr., A. J. M. Soares, and S. M. Rossi, "Optical transparent IP/WDM network testbed," in Testbeds and Research Infrastructures for the Development of Networks and Communities, 2006. TRIDENTCOM 2006. 2nd International Conference on, 2006, p. 6 pp.
[7] L. Guangzhi, W. Dongmei, Y. Jennifer, D. Robert, and K. Charles, "IP over optical cross-connect architectures," Communications Magazine, IEEE, vol. 45, pp. 34-39,2007.
[8] W. T. Anderson, "MONET project- a final report," Baltimore, MD, USA, 2000, pp. 148-149.
[9] A. A. M. Saleh, "Review of the MONET project," Chiba, Jpn, 1997, p. 12.
[10] C. S. Peter Tomsu, Next Generation Optical Networks: The Convergence of IP Intelligence and Optical Technologies: Prentice-Hall, 2003.
[11] J. Y. Wei, "Advances in the management and control of optical internet," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 20, pp. 768-785, 2002.
[12] S. Chaudhuri, S. Chaudhuri, and E. Goldstein, "On the value of optical-layer reconfigurability in IP-over-WDM lightwave networks," Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE, vol. 12, pp. 1097-1099,2000.
[13] V. A. Vaishampayan and M. D. Feuer, "An overlay architecture for managing lightpaths in optically routed networks," Communications, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 53, pp. 1729-1737, 2005.
[14] C. A. Al Sayeed, A. Vukovic, O. W. W. Yang, H. Hua, and T. Nguyen, "The integration of ROADMs into next generation metro optical network," in Photonics North 2006, Quebec City, QB,Canada, 2006, p. 63433.
[15] C. A. Al Sayeed, "Characterization and experimental validation of reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers for next generation network," Canada: University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006.
[16] P. Risbood, C. Nuzman, N. Nithi, and S. Patel, "ROADM enabled optimization in WDM rings,"2005, p. 3 pp. Vol. 3.
[17] V. Kaman, R. J. Helkey, and J. E. Bowers, "Multi-Degree ROADM's with Agile Add-Drop Access," in Photonics in Switching, 2007,2007, pp. 31-32.
[18] J. Wagener and T. Strasser, "Characterization of the economic impact of stranded bandwidth in fixed OADM relative to ROADM networks," 2006, p. 3 pp.
[19] J. Y. Wei, S. Chien-Chung, B. J. Wilson, and M. J. Post, "Network control and management of a reconfigurable WDM network," in Military Communications Conference, 1996. MILCOM '96,Conference Proceedings, IEEE, 1996, pp. 581-586 vol.2.
[20] S. Lakshmanan, D. S. Shah, M. Tacca, A. Fumagalli, A. Paradisi, and S. M. Rossi, "An IP-centric control plane for survivable WDM mesh networks: experimental results on the OMEGA test-bed," in IP Operations and Management, 2002 IEEE Workshop on, 2002, pp. 154-158.
[21] J. Y. Wei, C.-D. Liu, S.-Y. Park, K. H. Liu, R. S. Ramamurthy, H. Kim, and M. W. Maeda,"Network control and management for the next generation Internet," IEICE Transactions on Communications, vol. E83-B, pp. 2191-2209, 2000.
[22] J. Cornelias, R. Martinez, J. Prat, V. Sales, and G. Junyent, "Integrated IP/WDM routing in GMPLS-based optical networks," Network, IEEE, vol. 17, pp. 22-27,2003.
[23] E. Oki, K. Shiomoto, D. Shimazaki, N. Yamanaka, W. Imajuku, and Y. Takigawa, "Dynamic multilayer routing schemes in GMPLS-based IP+optical networks," Communications Magazine,IEEE, vol. 43, pp. 108-114,2005.
[24] I. Baldine, I. Baldine, G. N. Rouskas, H. G. Perros, and D. A. S. D. Stevenson, "JumpStart: a just-in-time signaling architecture for WDM burst-switched networks," Communications Magazine,IEEE, vol. 40, pp. 82-89,2002.
[25] K. Sato, N. Yamanaka, Y. Takigawa, M. Koga, S. Okamoto, K. Shiomoto, E. Oki, and W. Imajuku, "GMPLS-based photonic multilayer router (Hikari router) architecture: an overview of traffic engineering and signaling technology," Communications Magazine, IEEE, vol. 40, pp. 96-101,2002.
[26] R. Munoz, P. Vazquez, I. Martinez, M. Requena, C. Pinart, and G. Junyent, "Optical transport network of the ADRENALINE testbed: GMPLS metropolitan all-optical tuneable AWG-based R-OADM ring," in Testbeds and Research Infrastructures for the Development of Networks and Communities, 2006. TRIDENTCOM 2006. 2nd International Conference on, 2006, p. 10 pp.
[27] D. Project, "Dynamic Resource Allocation via GMPLS Optical Networks,"http://dragon.maxgigapop.net.
[1]S.Robinson,”用第三代ROADM确保网络盈利,”in光波中文版,2006.
[2]J.Wagener and T.Strasser,"Characterization of the economic impact of stranded bandwidth in fixed OADM relative to ROADM networks," 2006,p.3 pp.
[3]K.Grobe,"Applications of ROADMs and Control Planes in Metro and Regional Networks," in Optical Fiber Communication and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference,2007.OFC/NFOEC 2007.Conference on,2007,pp.1-12.
[4]C.Nuzman,J.Leuthold,R.Ryf,S.Chandrasekhar,C.R.Giles,and D.T.Neilson,"Design and implementation of wavelength-flexible network nodes," Lightwave Technology,Journal of,vol.21,pp.648-663,2003.
[5]S.CLAVENNA,"ROADM & WDM Worldwide Market Forecast,2006-2011," Heavy Reading 2006.
[6]I.Redpath,D.Cooperson,and R.Kline,"Metro WDM networks develop an edge," in OFC 2006,Anaheim,CA,United States,2006,p.1636803.
[7]C.A.Al Sayeed,A.Vukovic,O.W.W.Yang,H.Hua,and T.Nguyen,"The integration of ROADMs into next generation metro optical network," in Photonics North 2006,Quebec City,QB,Canada,2006,p.63433.
[8]W.I.Way,"ROADM technology review:Why,when,what,where,and how?," Boston,MA,United States,2006,p.63880.
[9]J.K.Rhee,I.Tomkos,and L.Ming-Jun,"A broadcast-and-select OADM optical network with dedicated optical-channel protection," Lightwave Technology,Journal of,vol.21,pp.25-31,2003.
[10]C.A.Al Sayeed,A.Vukovic,and O.W.W.Yang,"Performance Optimization of PLC-based ROADM Subsystem in Ring-to-Ring Interconnection," in ICC'06,2006,pp.2764-2769.
[I1]E.B.Basch,R.Egorov,S.Gringeri,and S.Elby,"Architectural tradeoffs for reconfigurable dense wavelength-division multiplexing systems," Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics,IEEE Journal of,vol.12,pp.615-626,2006.
[12]L.Eldada,J.Fujita,A.Radojevic,T.Izuhara,R.Gerhardt,S.Jiandong,D.Pant,F.Wang,and A.Malek,"40-channel ultra-low-power compact PLC-based ROADM subsystem," 2006,p.9 pp.
[13]S.Mechels,L.Muller,G.D.Morley,and D.Tillett,"1D MEMS-based wavelength switching subsystem," Communications Magazine,IEEE,vol.41,pp.88-94,2003.
[14]A.Morea and I.B.Heard,"Availability of Translucent Networks Based on WSS Nodes,Comparison with Opaque Networks," 2006,pp.43-47.
[15]C.R.Doerr,"Degree-4 node using a single wavelength-selective switch," 2006,pp.1-3.
[16]S.Suzuki,A.Himeno,and M.Ishii,"Integrated muitichannel optical wavelength selective switches incorporating an arrayed-waveguide grating multiplexer and thermooptic switches," Lightwave Technology,Journal of,vol.16,pp.650-655,1998.
[17]J.Tsai,S.Huang,H.Dooyoung,H.Toshiyoshi,and M.C.Wu,"Open-loop operation of MEMS-based 1/spl times/N wavelength-selective switch with long-term stability and repeatability,"Photonics Technology Letters,IEEE,vol.16,pp.1041-1043,2004.
[18]魏晓强,“ROADM技术发展及标准进展,”中兴通信股份有限公司,2007.
[19]刘晓枫,“ROADM技术简介及演进方向,”电信网技术,2007.12.
[20]K.Sato,N.Yamanaka,Y.Takigawa,M.Koga,S.Okamoto,K.Shiomoto,E.Oki,and W.Imajuku,"GMPLS-based photonic multilayer router(Hikari router)architecture:an overview of traffic engineering and signaling technology," Communications Magazine,IEEE,vol.40,pp.96-101, 2002.
[21] S. Al Zahr, S. Al Zahr, M. Gagnaire, N. Puech, and M. A. K. M. Koubaa, "Physical layer impairments in WDM core networks: a comparison between a North-American backbone and a Pan-European backbone," in Broadband Networks, 2005 2nd International Conference on, 2005, pp.1258-1263 Vol.2.
[22] C. Politi, C. Politi, V. Anagnostopoulos, C. Matrakidis, and A. A. S. A. Stavdas, "Physical layer impairment aware routing algorithms based on analytically calculated Q-factor," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, 2006 and the 2006 National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference. OFC 2006, 2006, p. 3 pp.
[23] R. Martinez, R. Munoz, J. Sorribes, J. Cornelias, and G Junyeut, "Experimental GMPLS-based dynamic routing in all-optical wavelength-routed networks," Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, 2005, pp.193-196.
[1] H. Yurong, H. Yurong, J. P. Heritage, and B. Mukherjee, "Connection provisioning with transmission impairment consideration in optical WDM networks with high-speed channels," Lightwave Technology, Journal of, vol. 23, pp. 982-993,2005.
[2] M. G S. Al Zahr, N. Puech, "Impact of wavelength assignment strategies on Hybrid WDM network planning," in DRCN 2007 La Rochelle-France, September 2007.
[3] G Armitage, "MPLS: the magic behind the myths," Communications Magazine, IEEE, vol. 38, pp.124-131,2000.
[4] T. Benjamin, A. A. Ahmet, C. Chi-Hung Kelvin, and N. Ramesh, "MPLS Network Requirements and Design for Carriers: Wireline and Wireless Case Studies," in Telecommunications Network Strategy and Planning Symposium, 2006. NETWORKS 2006.12th International, 2006, pp. 1-6.
[5] Altera, "Implementing Multiprotocol Label Switching with Altera PLDs," January 2001.
[6] I. Hussain, Fault tolerant IP and MPLS networks: Cisco Press, 2004.
[7] I. Hussain, "Overview of MPLS technology and traffic engineering applications," in Networking and Communication, 2004. INCC 204. International Conference on, 2004, p. xvi.
[8] E. E. Mannie, "Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Architecture." vol. RFC3945:IETF, October 2004.
[9] A. V. E. Rosen, and R. Callon, "Multiprotocol Label Switching Architecture." vol. RFC3031: IETF,2001.
[10] S. Lakshmanan, D. S. Shah, M. Tacca, A. Fumagalli, A. Paradisi, and S. M. Rossi, "An IP-centric control plane for survivable WDM mesh networks: experimental results on the OMEGA test-bed," in IP Operations and Management, 2002 IEEE Workshop on, 2002, pp. 154-158.
[11] J. Y. Wei, C.-D. Liu, S.-Y. Park, K. H. Liu, R. S. Ramamurthy, H. Kim, and M. W. Maeda, "Network control and management for the next generation Internet," IEICE Transactions on Communications, vol.E83-B,pp. 2191-2209,2000.
[12] J. Cornelias, R. Martinez, J. Prat, V. Sales, and G Junyent, "Integrated IP/WDM routing in GMPLS-based optical networks," Network, IEEE, vol. 17, pp. 22-27,2003.
[13] E. Oki, K. Shiomoto, D. Shimazaki, N. Yamanaka, W. Imajuku, and Y. Takigawa, "Dynamic multilayer routing schemes in GMPLS-based IP+optical networks," Communications Magazine, IEEE, vol. 43, pp.108-114,2005.
[14] I. Baldine, I. Baldine, G N. Rouskas, H. G Perros, and D. A. S. D. Stevenson, "JumpStart: a just-in-time signaling architecture for WDM burst-switched networks," Communications Magazine, IEEE, vol. 40, pp.82-89,2002.
[15] J. Lang, "Link Management Protocol". vol. RFC4204: IETF, October 2005.
[16] E. K. Kompella, "Routing Extensions in Support of Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS)." vol. RFC4202: IETF, October 2005.
[17] E. K. Kompella, Y. Rekhter, Ed., "OSPF Extensions in Support of Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS)." vol. RFC4203: IETF, October 2005.
[18] E. L. Berger, "Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Signaling Resource Reservation Protocol-Traffic Engineering (RSVP-TE) Extensions." vol. RFC3473, IETF, Ed., January 2003.
[19] P. Ashwood-Smith, "Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) Signaling Constraint-based Routed Label Distribution Protocol (CR-LDP) Extensions." vol. RFC3472, IETF, Ed., January 2003.
[20] J. J. H Zang, B Mukherjee, "A Review of Routing and Wavelength Assignment Approaches for Wavelength Routed Optical WDM Networks," OPTICAL NETWORKS MAGAZINE, p. 47, January 2000.
[21]D.Banerjee,D.Banerjee,and B.Mukherjee,"A practical approach for routing and wavelength assignment in large wavelength-routed optical networks," Selected Areas in Communications,IEEE Journal on,vol.14,pp.903-908,1996.
[22]A.Mokhtar,A.Mokhtar,and M.Azizoglu,"Adaptive wavelength routing in all-optical networks,"Networking,IEEE/ACM Transactions on,vol.6,pp.197-206,1998.
[23]F.Kuipers,F.Kuipers,P.Van Mieghem,T.Korkmaz,and M.A.K.M.Krunz," An overview of constraint-based path selection algorithms for QoS routing," Communications Magazine,IEEE,vol.40,pp.50-55,2002.
[24]J.Strand,J.Strand,A.L.Chiu,and R.Tkach,"Issues for routing in the optical layer," Communications Magazine,IEEE,vol.39,pp.81-87,2001.
[25]C.Politi,C.Politi,V.Anagnostopoulos,C.Matrakidis,and A.A.S.A.Stavdas,"Physical layer impairment aware routing algorithms based on analytically calculated Q-factor," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference,2006 and the 2006 National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference.OFC 2006,2006,p.3 pp.
[26]H.Liu,E.Bouillet,D.Pendarakis,N.Komaee,J.Labourdette,and S.Chaudhuri,"Analysis of GMPLS OSPF-TE protocol and its enhancement for routing in optical networks," Philadelphia,PA,United States,2004,pp.17-25.
[27]Z.Hui,Z.Hui,J.P.Jue,L.Sahasrabuddhe,R.A.R.R.Ramamurthy,and B.A.M.B.Mukherjee,"Dynamic lightpath establishment in wavelength routed WDM networks," Communications Magazine,IEEE,vol.39,pp.100-108,2001.
[28]D.Eppstein,"Finding the k shortest paths," in Foundations of Computer Science,1994 Proceedings.,35th Annual Symposium on,1994,pp.154-165.
[29]D.Medhi,"Network routing:algorithms,protocols,and architectures " in The Morgan Kaufmann series in networking,K.Ramasamy,Ed.:Morgan Kaufmann Publishers,2007,p.49-51.
[30]F.R.Durand,F.R.Durand,M.A.C.Lima,A.C.Cesar,and E.A.M.E.Moschim,"Impact of PMD on hybrid WDM/OCDM networks," Photonics Technology Letters,IEEE,vol.17,pp.2787-2789,2005.
[31]R.W.Tkach,R.W.Tkach,E.L.Goldstein,J.A.Nagei,and J.L.A.S.J.L.Strand,"Fundamental limits of optical transparency," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exhibit,1998.OFC'98.,Technical Digest,1998,pp.161-162.
[32]F.Kuipers,F.Kuipers,T.Korkmaz,M.Krunz,and P.A.V.M.P.Van Mieghem,"Performance evaluation of constraint-based path selection algorithms," Network,IEEE,vol.18,pp.16-23,2004.
[33]S.Al Zahr,S.Al Zahr,M.Gagnaire,N.Puech,and M.A.K.M.Koubaa,"Physical layer impairments in WDM core networks:a comparison between a North-American backbone and a Pan-European backbone," in Broadband Networks,2005 2nd International Conference on,2005,pp.1258-1263 Vol.2.
[34]C.Pinart,C.Pinart,E.Le Rouzic,and I.Martinez,"Physical-Layer Considerations for The Realistic Deployment of Impairment-Aware Connection Provisioning," in Transparent Optical Networks,2007.ICTON'07.9th International Conference on,2007,pp.134-137.
[35]D.Chowdhury,"Polarization mode dispersion in optical communication systems," Anaheim,CA,2001,pp.1-1.
[36]徐志根、周炳琨、张汉一、李艳和、郭奕理、郑小平、秦涛,”波分复用光传送网中光路的噪声积累模型,”中国激光,vol.31,p.1222,2004.10.
[37]G.P.Agrawal,Lightwave Technology:Telecommunication Systems:John Wiley & Sons,2005.
[38]B.Ramamurthy,B.Ramamurthy,D.Datta,H.Feng,J.P.A.H.J.P.Heritage,and B.A.M.B.Mukherjee, "Impact of transmission impairments on the teletraffic performance of wavelength-routed optical networks," Lightwave Technology, Journal of, vol. 17, pp. 1713-1723,1999.
[1]G.872,"Architecture of optical transport networks," ITU-T,2001.
[2]G.798,"Characteristics of optical transport network hierarchy equipment functional blocks," ITU-T,2004.
[3]J.Y.Wei,"The role of DCN in optical WDM networks," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference,2000,pp.142-144 vol.4.
[4]G.709,"Interfaces for the Optical Transport Network(OTN)," ITU-T,2003.
[5]K.N.S.Rajiv Ramaswami,光网络:组网技术分析:机械工业出版社,2004.
[6]G.7712,"Architecture and specification of data communication network," ITU-T,2003.
[7]J.Y.Wei,C.-D.Liu,S.-Y.Park,K.H.Liu,R.S.Ramamurthy,H.Kim,and M.W.Maeda,"Network control and management for the next generation Internet," IEICE Transactions on Communications,vol.E83-B,pp.2191-2209,2000.
[8]J.Y.Wei,"Advances in the management and control of optical internet," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,vol.20,pp.768-785,2002.
[9]J.Basak,R.Sadhwani,and B.Jalali,"WDM pilot tone technique for analogue optical links,"Electronics Letters,vol.39,pp.1083-1084,2003.
[10]F.Liu,Q.Zeng,S.Xiao,X.Zhu,and J.Xu,"Optical network management with OSC," in The International Society for Optical Engineering,Nanjing,China,2001,pp.195-200.
[11]L.Hyun Jae,J.H.Bang,K.Je-Soo,K.Chang-Bong,and K.Ik-Sang,"Dynamic gain control of booster amplifier(EDFA)using an optical supervisory channel power adjustment in WDM transmission systems," 2001,pp.278-281.
[12]S.Jongyoon,K.Yool,and K.Jesoo,"Optical supervisory channel subsystem for 1.6T WDM transmission system," 2004,pp.402-404.
[13]Y.Sato,Y.Yamabayashi,and K.-i.Aoyama,"Supervisory channel scheme for EDFA transmission systems that uses," Journal of Lightwave Technology,vol.11,pp.1652-1658,1993.
[14]P.Bonenfant and A.R.Moral,"Digital wrappers for IP over WDM systems," Aventura,FL,USA,2000,pp.5-6.
[15]S.Z.Kathy Wang,”DWDM OSC光监控信道应用简介,”Fiberxon Inc,2006.
[16]G.704,"Synchronous frame structures used at 1544,6312,2048,8448 and 44736 kbit/s hierarchical," ITU-T,1998.
[17]张杰and顾畹仪,”智能光网络中的OA&M系统分析与设计,”光通信研究,2004.
[18]曾旭红,“ASON网络中的DCN”,电信网技术,vol.03,2006.03.
[19]张晖、毛东峰、杨爱平、张杰、顾畹仪,”ASON中业务到达率利阻塞率问题分析,”光通信技术,vol.08,2004.08.
[20]Z.A.Uzmi,"Restoration routing in multi-protocol label switching(MPLS)networks," in Emerging Technologies,2005.Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on,2005,p.ⅹⅵ.
[21]S.Gringeri and T.Rarick,"Packet and TDM transport integration:how,when and why?," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference,2006 and the 2006 National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference.OFC 2006,2006,p.10 pp.
[22]L.Noirie,"Mixed TDM and packet technologies as a best compromise solution to ensure a cost-effective bandwidth use with the current traffic evolution," in Next Generation lnternet Networks,2005,2005,pp.466-473.
[23]S.V.Kartalopoulos,Next generation SONET/SDH:voice and data IEEE Press 2004.
[24]G.Held,High speed digital transmission networking Wiley,1999.
[25]张松炜、张云麟、张治中,”基于FPGA的8E1时隙交换的数字交叉IP核的实现,”重庆邮电学院学报(自然科学版),vol.18,2006.04.
[26]朱志亮、邱绍峰,”基于FPGA的STM-1数据采集卡的硬件设计,”通信技术,vol.40,2007.11.
[27]B.L.H.Jonathan Chao,High performance switches and routers:John Wiley & Sons,2007.
[28]杨利、阮方、葛宁,”基于Packet over SDH的以太网业务接入的设计实现,”网络与通信,vol.02,2002.02.
[29]A.V.E.Rosen,and R.Callon,"Multiprotocol Label Switching Architecture." vol.RFC3031:IETF,2001.
[30]R.Peterkin and D.lonescu,"Embedded MPLS Architecture," in Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium,2005.Proceedings.19th IEEE International,2005,pp.170a-170a.
[31]J.Lawrence,"Designing multiprotocol label switching networks," Communications Magazine,IEEE,vol.39,pp.134-142,2001.
[32]A.M.lonescu-Graff,F.Magee,S.Prakash,B.Tang,and A.Zhu,"Quantifying the value propositions of MPLS evolution;why and when to migrate to a converged MPLS core?," in Telecommunications Network Strategy and Planning Symposium.NETWORKS 2004,11th International,2004,pp.45-50.
[33]I.Hussain,"Overview of MPLS technology and traffic engineering applications," in Networking and Communication,2004.INCC 204.International Conference on,2004,p.ⅹⅳ.
[34]D.O.Awduche,"MPLS and traffic engineering in IP networks," Communications Magazine,IEEE,vol.37,pp.42-47,1999.
[35]I.Hussain,Fault tolerant IP and MPLS networks:Cisco Press,2004.
[36]K.S.Naoaki Yamanaka,Eiji Oki,GMPLS Technologies:CRC Press,2006.
[1]G.692,"Optical interfaces for multichannel systems with optical amplifiers," ITU-T,1998.
[2]Y.T.1060-2000,”光波分复用系统(WDM)技术要求——32x2.5Gbit/s部分,”通信行业标准,2000.