绕线转子无刷双馈电机转子绕组设计和运行特性研究
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摘要
在变速驱动和恒频发电方面,无刷双馈电机展现出了良好的应用前景。为推动这一新型电机的实用化进程,本文对无刷双馈电机做了深入分析,在电机设计方面做了一些探索,并对其作发电机时电机的运行特性做了研究。
无刷双馈电机是一种可以实现多种运行方式的新型交流励磁电机,能够在异步,同步和双馈等多种方式运行。无刷双馈电机取消了电刷和滑环,具有结构简单、坚固耐用、功率因数可调和变频器容量等级小等优点。无刷双馈电机作为电动机时,可用于风机和水泵等负载的变频节能调速系统;作为发电机时,可用于变速恒压恒频的船用轴带发电、风力发电和水力发电系统中。
转子结构是无刷双馈电机性能好坏的关键因素。目前国内外无刷双馈电机的转子主要采用特殊笼型和磁阻两种结构,但这两种结构存在转子磁动势谐波含量高,导体对两种极对数兼顾性差、导体利用率低等缺点。而绕线式转子能通过调整绕组的匝数、节距等方法,使得导体利用率高,谐波含量低,因而具有更好的性能指标及实用性。本文以绕线式无刷双馈电机为研究对象,研究工作目的在于:对这种电机进行深入的理论研究,提出有效的转子绕组设计方法,编写可靠的转子绕组分析、设计程序,建立绕线式无刷双馈电机电磁设计方法,推动电机的实用化进程。
本文的工作主要包括如下几方面的内容:
首先,回顾无刷双馈电机产生的背景条件、发展的历史和现状,阐述新型绕线式无刷双馈电机研究的意义以及该电机目前在船用轴带发电和风力发电中应用前景。接着介绍了无刷双馈电机的基本原理、定转子绕组结构和运行方式等情况。
其次,提出绕线式无刷双馈电机转子绕组的磁动势谐波分析方法,编写转子绕组分析软件,给出转子的谐波漏抗和槽漏抗分析方法。依据槽号相位图和单绕组磁动势谐波理论,利用分布绕组可以降低磁动势谐波的特点,给出基于齿谐波原理的无刷双馈电机转子绕组设计方法,并给出几种具体的绕组设计实例。借鉴星-三角接法的定子绕组可以提高绕组系数的特点,提出了星-环形接法转子绕组设计方法,并给出了这一接法的电机工作原理和绕组连接实例。
然后,给出无刷双馈电机定转子槽配合、极数选择的依据,以及极数配合对电机性能的影响。分析电机的电负荷和磁负荷对新型绕线式无刷双馈电机的主要尺寸设计的影响,进而分析在电、磁负荷允许的范围内,尽可能减小电机体积,以增大无刷双馈电机的功率密度的条件。对无刷双馈电机电路的参数测定是验证电机理论设计参数一个重要方法,本文采用改进的粒子群优化算法对实验所得样机数据进行分析,优化出与多组实验数据相吻合的电机等效电路参数,为电机的设计提供佐证。
最后,以两台Y315为基础,先后设计七种4/8极电机定、转子绕组方案,围绕七种方案的样机在船用轴带发电方面的应用做了详细的分析:通过样机空载特性实验,验证了样机在不同的控制绕组频率段电机的饱和程度基本不变;通过样机负载实验分析了样机在各种负载工况下,样机的工作状态变化过程;通过对比不同方案的样机,给出了控制绕组端所联接变频器的容量与转速之间的关系;通过分析样机参数,验证了样机在不同负载、不同转速下的效率及其变化趋势;通过分析电、磁负荷,以及变频器容量对电机的影响,给出了样机的可靠运行范围;通过测量不同方案的样机,分析了电机的槽配合对电机振动的影响。
The Brushless Doubly-Fed Machine (BDFM) shows commercial promise as a variable speed drive or generator. However, for this promise to be realised the design of the machine must be improved beyond that proposed to date. This dissertation contributes towards this goal through machine analysis, winding design and performance research.
The Brushless Doubly-Fed Machine (BDFM) is a novel AC induction machine. The BDFM can achieve multiplicate operation mode, such as asynchronous, synchronous and doubly-fed operation mode. The BDFM avoids the use of brush and slip ring and has some advantages, such as simple structure, robustness, reliability, adjustable power factor and a fractional rated converter. It will have wide application in the control-frequency saving-energy adjustable speed drive (ASD) systems, such as fan and pump load drives, and the constant-voltage constant-frequency (CVCF) variable speed generation (VSG) systems, such as ship shaft generator, water power and wind power generation.
The key factor affecting the performance of the BDFM is the rotor structure. The rotors of domestic and foreign BDFM have mainly adopted the‘nested-loop’and reluctance structures at present, but the‘nested-loop’and reluctance structures have some disadvantages, such as low conductor utilization ratio and abundant harmonic contents of the rotor. Compared to the‘nested-loop’and reluctance rotor, because the wound rotor studied in this dissertation has a flexible connection, and makes the winding conductor utilization ratio high and harmonic contents low by rational design, adjustment and control, wound-rotor BDFM has better performance index and practicability.
With the object of wound-rotor BDFM, the research aims to study the theory of wound-rotor BDFM in depth, develop the effective wound-rotor winding design means, write the convenient reliable rotor winding design calculation program, develop the electromagnetic design means and accelerate the utilization progress of wound-rotor BDFM.
The main content of this dissertation is summarized as follows:
First of all, the background conditions, the development of the history and current situation of new type wound-rotor BDFM are reviewed briefly, especially it expounds the research significance new Wound BDFM, Also it shows the application prospect in the marine and wind power. Then the basic principle of BDFM, the stator and rotor winding structure and the operation mode are introduced.
Secondly, the Magnetic Motive Force (MMF) harmonic analysis method of the BDFM is put forward, the rotor windings analyzing software is compiled, and the harmonic leakage reactance and the rotor slot leakage reactance analysis are given. Based on the slot number phase diagram, the single-winding magnetomotive force harmonic theory, the slot harmonic principle and the characterization of MMF harmonics reduced by distributed winding, the BDFM rotor winding design method is presented .And examples of several specific winding design are given. Reference the star - delta connection winding of stator windings may be increase the winding coefficient, the star - circle connection design method of rotor winding is proposed, and the connection principle and the motor winding connection instance are given.
Thirdly, the basis for rotor slot cooperated with stator slot of BDFM and choice poles are given. Also the effect for motor performance as motor choice diffient poles is given. The effect of the electric load and magnetic load on the main dimensions design for the new type wound-rotor BDFM is analyzed. Further in the extent permitted of electric load and magnetic load, the condition to minimize the motor size and increase the BDFM power density is analyzed. The parameters mensurate for BDFM circuit is an important method for verify the theory of motor parameters. In this paper, the prototype experimental data is anslysised by an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm and the multiple sets of optimization data are gotten, the data given suport for motor design.
Finally, based on two sets Y315 motor, seven winding schemes of 4 / 8 pole motor have been designed, the application of prototype in the marine is analyzed as follows: the prototype magnetic field saturation almost invariant is verified as the prototype control winding work at different frequencies by no load experiment; the changing process of prototype working state in a variety of load conditions is analyzed by load experiment; the relation of the frequency inverter capacity and the speed is given by analyzing different prototype schemes; the efficiency and its trend under different loads or different speed are verified by analyzing prototype parameters; the scope of the reliable operation of the prototype is given by analysis electric load and magnetic load of prototype; it is analyzed that the rotor slot combining with stator slot of prototype effect on motor vibration by measuring the different schemes.
无刷双馈电机是一种可以实现多种运行方式的新型交流励磁电机,能够在异步,同步和双馈等多种方式运行。无刷双馈电机取消了电刷和滑环,具有结构简单、坚固耐用、功率因数可调和变频器容量等级小等优点。无刷双馈电机作为电动机时,可用于风机和水泵等负载的变频节能调速系统;作为发电机时,可用于变速恒压恒频的船用轴带发电、风力发电和水力发电系统中。
转子结构是无刷双馈电机性能好坏的关键因素。目前国内外无刷双馈电机的转子主要采用特殊笼型和磁阻两种结构,但这两种结构存在转子磁动势谐波含量高,导体对两种极对数兼顾性差、导体利用率低等缺点。而绕线式转子能通过调整绕组的匝数、节距等方法,使得导体利用率高,谐波含量低,因而具有更好的性能指标及实用性。本文以绕线式无刷双馈电机为研究对象,研究工作目的在于:对这种电机进行深入的理论研究,提出有效的转子绕组设计方法,编写可靠的转子绕组分析、设计程序,建立绕线式无刷双馈电机电磁设计方法,推动电机的实用化进程。
本文的工作主要包括如下几方面的内容:
首先,回顾无刷双馈电机产生的背景条件、发展的历史和现状,阐述新型绕线式无刷双馈电机研究的意义以及该电机目前在船用轴带发电和风力发电中应用前景。接着介绍了无刷双馈电机的基本原理、定转子绕组结构和运行方式等情况。
其次,提出绕线式无刷双馈电机转子绕组的磁动势谐波分析方法,编写转子绕组分析软件,给出转子的谐波漏抗和槽漏抗分析方法。依据槽号相位图和单绕组磁动势谐波理论,利用分布绕组可以降低磁动势谐波的特点,给出基于齿谐波原理的无刷双馈电机转子绕组设计方法,并给出几种具体的绕组设计实例。借鉴星-三角接法的定子绕组可以提高绕组系数的特点,提出了星-环形接法转子绕组设计方法,并给出了这一接法的电机工作原理和绕组连接实例。
然后,给出无刷双馈电机定转子槽配合、极数选择的依据,以及极数配合对电机性能的影响。分析电机的电负荷和磁负荷对新型绕线式无刷双馈电机的主要尺寸设计的影响,进而分析在电、磁负荷允许的范围内,尽可能减小电机体积,以增大无刷双馈电机的功率密度的条件。对无刷双馈电机电路的参数测定是验证电机理论设计参数一个重要方法,本文采用改进的粒子群优化算法对实验所得样机数据进行分析,优化出与多组实验数据相吻合的电机等效电路参数,为电机的设计提供佐证。
最后,以两台Y315为基础,先后设计七种4/8极电机定、转子绕组方案,围绕七种方案的样机在船用轴带发电方面的应用做了详细的分析:通过样机空载特性实验,验证了样机在不同的控制绕组频率段电机的饱和程度基本不变;通过样机负载实验分析了样机在各种负载工况下,样机的工作状态变化过程;通过对比不同方案的样机,给出了控制绕组端所联接变频器的容量与转速之间的关系;通过分析样机参数,验证了样机在不同负载、不同转速下的效率及其变化趋势;通过分析电、磁负荷,以及变频器容量对电机的影响,给出了样机的可靠运行范围;通过测量不同方案的样机,分析了电机的槽配合对电机振动的影响。
The Brushless Doubly-Fed Machine (BDFM) shows commercial promise as a variable speed drive or generator. However, for this promise to be realised the design of the machine must be improved beyond that proposed to date. This dissertation contributes towards this goal through machine analysis, winding design and performance research.
The Brushless Doubly-Fed Machine (BDFM) is a novel AC induction machine. The BDFM can achieve multiplicate operation mode, such as asynchronous, synchronous and doubly-fed operation mode. The BDFM avoids the use of brush and slip ring and has some advantages, such as simple structure, robustness, reliability, adjustable power factor and a fractional rated converter. It will have wide application in the control-frequency saving-energy adjustable speed drive (ASD) systems, such as fan and pump load drives, and the constant-voltage constant-frequency (CVCF) variable speed generation (VSG) systems, such as ship shaft generator, water power and wind power generation.
The key factor affecting the performance of the BDFM is the rotor structure. The rotors of domestic and foreign BDFM have mainly adopted the‘nested-loop’and reluctance structures at present, but the‘nested-loop’and reluctance structures have some disadvantages, such as low conductor utilization ratio and abundant harmonic contents of the rotor. Compared to the‘nested-loop’and reluctance rotor, because the wound rotor studied in this dissertation has a flexible connection, and makes the winding conductor utilization ratio high and harmonic contents low by rational design, adjustment and control, wound-rotor BDFM has better performance index and practicability.
With the object of wound-rotor BDFM, the research aims to study the theory of wound-rotor BDFM in depth, develop the effective wound-rotor winding design means, write the convenient reliable rotor winding design calculation program, develop the electromagnetic design means and accelerate the utilization progress of wound-rotor BDFM.
The main content of this dissertation is summarized as follows:
First of all, the background conditions, the development of the history and current situation of new type wound-rotor BDFM are reviewed briefly, especially it expounds the research significance new Wound BDFM, Also it shows the application prospect in the marine and wind power. Then the basic principle of BDFM, the stator and rotor winding structure and the operation mode are introduced.
Secondly, the Magnetic Motive Force (MMF) harmonic analysis method of the BDFM is put forward, the rotor windings analyzing software is compiled, and the harmonic leakage reactance and the rotor slot leakage reactance analysis are given. Based on the slot number phase diagram, the single-winding magnetomotive force harmonic theory, the slot harmonic principle and the characterization of MMF harmonics reduced by distributed winding, the BDFM rotor winding design method is presented .And examples of several specific winding design are given. Reference the star - delta connection winding of stator windings may be increase the winding coefficient, the star - circle connection design method of rotor winding is proposed, and the connection principle and the motor winding connection instance are given.
Thirdly, the basis for rotor slot cooperated with stator slot of BDFM and choice poles are given. Also the effect for motor performance as motor choice diffient poles is given. The effect of the electric load and magnetic load on the main dimensions design for the new type wound-rotor BDFM is analyzed. Further in the extent permitted of electric load and magnetic load, the condition to minimize the motor size and increase the BDFM power density is analyzed. The parameters mensurate for BDFM circuit is an important method for verify the theory of motor parameters. In this paper, the prototype experimental data is anslysised by an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm and the multiple sets of optimization data are gotten, the data given suport for motor design.
Finally, based on two sets Y315 motor, seven winding schemes of 4 / 8 pole motor have been designed, the application of prototype in the marine is analyzed as follows: the prototype magnetic field saturation almost invariant is verified as the prototype control winding work at different frequencies by no load experiment; the changing process of prototype working state in a variety of load conditions is analyzed by load experiment; the relation of the frequency inverter capacity and the speed is given by analyzing different prototype schemes; the efficiency and its trend under different loads or different speed are verified by analyzing prototype parameters; the scope of the reliable operation of the prototype is given by analysis electric load and magnetic load of prototype; it is analyzed that the rotor slot combining with stator slot of prototype effect on motor vibration by measuring the different schemes.
引文
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