后奥运时期北京会展业发展研究
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摘要
在中国会展经济发展的最初二十几年中,北京凭借其首都的身份和地位,在政府主导办展的大背景下,较早发展了会展业,确立了先行优势。但近年来,北京受到来自上海、广州以及一些新兴会展城市的竞争压力越来越大,北京会展业自身的一些矛盾也越来越突出的显现出来,一个直接的后果是北京的会展资源出现了较严重的外流现象。在这一时刻,北京迎来了一个历史性的重大事件——承办奥运。作为奥运会的主办城市,北京会展业发展的内外部环境已经并将要发生一系列的变化。这些变化对后奥运时期北京会展业的发展将产生深远影响。北京会展业内的一些专业人士基于对“后奥运低谷效应”的担心,对作为经济“晴雨表”的会展业在后奥运时期的发展表示了忧虑。
本文主要应用产业经济学的相关理论对后奥运时期北京会展业的发展进行研究,以波特教授提出的钻石模型作为全文的基本研究框架,旨在帮助北京会展业明确自己在后奥运时期的发展定位以使行业求得更好的发展。全文共分五章。在第二章对北京会展业发展情况进行概要性介绍的基础上,进入论文的主体部分。在第三章应用SCP范式对北京会展业的同业竞争情况进行了系统的分析,总结出制约北京会展业发展的关键因素。接着在第四章采用从宏观到中观的分析思路对奥运会这一重大事件将对北京会展业产生的效应做了论述,从生产要素、需求条件、相关与支持性产业、以及政府作用四个角度总结归纳奥运对北京会展业竞争力产生的实质影响。最后在第五章从如何把握机会提升竞争力的角度,对于后奥运时期北京会展业的发展给出了建议。
During the first twenty years of China convention-exhibition industry development, Beijing has taken its unique advantages as the capital of China to develop C&E industry more quickly than other cities in China. Thus Beijing get the first-move advantage in the C&E industry. In recent years the competition pressure, coming from Shanghai, Guangdong and other emerging C&E cities, Beijing need to face become bigger and bigger. Meanwhile, the interior contradictions of Beijing C&E industry become more and more acute. As a result, Beijing lost a lot of good meeting and exhibition projects. At this moment, there is a big event will happen in Beijing—the 2008 Olympic Games. As the holding city, the interior and exterior surroundings of Beijing C&E industry will change a lot. And such changes will take profound influence in the Beijing C&E industry future development. Some professional people in this industry take a negative opinion for the industry development prospect after 2008 Olympic Games based on the worry about "Olympic valley effect".
On the basis of modern industry economics theory, this thesis takes study on Beijing C&E industry development at Post-Olympic period, which using the "diamond model" proposed by Porter as the basic study framework. The purpose to write this article is to make a clear positioning of Beijing C&E industry in Post-Olympic period in order to bring reference value to the healthy development of this industry.
This thesis includes five chapters. Based on the brief introduction on Beijing C&E industry in chapter two, the study comes into the thesis' main body. In chapter three, it uses SCP mode to make a systematic analysis of rivalry of Beijing C&E industry, summarizing the key restrictive factors for development of Beijing C&E industry. In chapter four, it discusses the "Olympic effect" that will take on competitiveness of Beijing C&E industry from macro to micro point of view. This discussion develops according to the four factors included in the "diamond model"--factor conditions, demand conditions, quality of related and supporting industries, government conduct. Finally, in chapter five, it gives suggestions on how to seize the opportunity created by Olympic to develop Beijing C&E industry in Post- Olympic period.
本文主要应用产业经济学的相关理论对后奥运时期北京会展业的发展进行研究,以波特教授提出的钻石模型作为全文的基本研究框架,旨在帮助北京会展业明确自己在后奥运时期的发展定位以使行业求得更好的发展。全文共分五章。在第二章对北京会展业发展情况进行概要性介绍的基础上,进入论文的主体部分。在第三章应用SCP范式对北京会展业的同业竞争情况进行了系统的分析,总结出制约北京会展业发展的关键因素。接着在第四章采用从宏观到中观的分析思路对奥运会这一重大事件将对北京会展业产生的效应做了论述,从生产要素、需求条件、相关与支持性产业、以及政府作用四个角度总结归纳奥运对北京会展业竞争力产生的实质影响。最后在第五章从如何把握机会提升竞争力的角度,对于后奥运时期北京会展业的发展给出了建议。
During the first twenty years of China convention-exhibition industry development, Beijing has taken its unique advantages as the capital of China to develop C&E industry more quickly than other cities in China. Thus Beijing get the first-move advantage in the C&E industry. In recent years the competition pressure, coming from Shanghai, Guangdong and other emerging C&E cities, Beijing need to face become bigger and bigger. Meanwhile, the interior contradictions of Beijing C&E industry become more and more acute. As a result, Beijing lost a lot of good meeting and exhibition projects. At this moment, there is a big event will happen in Beijing—the 2008 Olympic Games. As the holding city, the interior and exterior surroundings of Beijing C&E industry will change a lot. And such changes will take profound influence in the Beijing C&E industry future development. Some professional people in this industry take a negative opinion for the industry development prospect after 2008 Olympic Games based on the worry about "Olympic valley effect".
On the basis of modern industry economics theory, this thesis takes study on Beijing C&E industry development at Post-Olympic period, which using the "diamond model" proposed by Porter as the basic study framework. The purpose to write this article is to make a clear positioning of Beijing C&E industry in Post-Olympic period in order to bring reference value to the healthy development of this industry.
This thesis includes five chapters. Based on the brief introduction on Beijing C&E industry in chapter two, the study comes into the thesis' main body. In chapter three, it uses SCP mode to make a systematic analysis of rivalry of Beijing C&E industry, summarizing the key restrictive factors for development of Beijing C&E industry. In chapter four, it discusses the "Olympic effect" that will take on competitiveness of Beijing C&E industry from macro to micro point of view. This discussion develops according to the four factors included in the "diamond model"--factor conditions, demand conditions, quality of related and supporting industries, government conduct. Finally, in chapter five, it gives suggestions on how to seize the opportunity created by Olympic to develop Beijing C&E industry in Post- Olympic period.
引文
5 牛小慧,北京离“国际会展中心有多远”,数据,2007(9),作者单位:北京市统计局
6 过聚荣.2006-2007年中国会展经济发展报告.北京:社会科学文献出版社,2007
7 王保伦.会展旅游.北京:中国商务出版社,2004:149
8 李婷婷.郭毓洁,张歆梅.基于SSPAB模型的MICE业进入性分析.旅游学刊,2007(1)
10 数据摘自《“十五”期间(2001-2005)中国展览业发展报告》.年鉴出版社,2007年11月第1版》
14 牛小慧,北京离“国际会展中心有多远”,数据,2007(9),作者单位:北京市统计局
16 数字摘自《北京2008奥运交通战略计划》,www.soufun.com,2008.1.25
17 数据来源:北京统计年鉴2007,统计出版社,2008.1
18 刘大可,王起静.会展活动概论.北京:清华大学出版社,2004:87
[1] Joe Goldblatt. Special Events (Third Edition). John Wiley&Sons, INC, 2002.
[2] Jones Lang Salle&Lasalle. Investment Management: Reaching Beyond the Gold—the Impact of the Olympic Games on Real Estate Markets, 2001.
[3] Helen Jefferson Lenskyj. The Best Olympic Ever—Social Impacts of Sydney 2000. New York: State University of New York Press, 2002.
[4] Jago, L.etal. Building Events into Destination Branding: Insights from Experts. Event Management. 2003(1).
[5] Leo Van Den Berg, Eric Braun& Alexander HJ.Otgaar. Sports and City Marketing in European Cities. England: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2002.
[6] Oppermann M. Convention Cities Images and Changing Fortunes. Journal of Tourism Studies, 1996, 7(1): 10-19.
[7] Oppermann M. Convention destination images: Analysis of association meeting planners'.perception. Tourism Management, 1996, 17(3): 175-182.
[8] Carlsen J. A review of MICE industry evaluation and research in Asia and Australia 1988-1998. Journal of Convention and Exhibition Management, 1999, 1(4): 51-66.
[9] Dwyer L, Mellor R, Mistilis N, Mules T. A framework for assessing "tangible" and "intangible" impacts of events and conventions. Event Management , 2000 , 6(3):175-189.
[10] Rhonda. J, Montgomery, Sandra. K. Strick. Meetings conventions and expositions: An introduction to the industry. New York: John, wiley & Sons, 1995.
[11] Tsui Pik Doris Yip. A study of the Importance and Effect of Branding in the Hong Kong Exhibition Services Industry, www.exhibitions.org.hk, 2005.
[12] Aaker, D. A., Managing Brand Equity-Capitalizing On the Value of a Brand Name. New York: Free Press, 1991.
[13] Arcy, E.D., Keogh G. The Property Market and Urban Competitiveness. Urban Studies, 1999(36): 5-6.
[14] Kapferer, J.N.. Strategic Brand Management: Creating and Sustaining Brand Equity Long Term. London, Kogan Page Ltd., 2000.
[15] Dwyer L, Mistilis N. Challenges to MICE tourism in the Asia-Pacific region. Pacific Rim Tourism. Wallingford: CABI, 1997: 219-230.
[16]Wain,G.Social Impacts of the Sydney Olympics.Annals of Tourism Research,2003.1.
[17]孙名贵.会展经济学.北京:机械工业出版社,2006年3月第1版:18-28,35-49,68-96.
[18]刘大可,王起静.会展活动概论.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[19]刘大可.中国会展业:理论、现状与政策.北京:中国商务出版社,2004.
[20]陈志平,刘松萍.会展经济学.北京:经济科学出版社,2004.
[21]苏东水.产业经济学.北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[22]李悦.产业经济学(第二版).北京:中国人民大学出版社,2004.
[23]Michael E.Porter.The Competitive Advantage of Nation,1990.李明轩,邱如美译.北京:中信出版社,2007.10.
[24]邹昭晞.企业战略分析.北京:经济管理出版社,2005:31-43,51-53.
[25]楚祥银.北京市会展业发展研究.北京:首都经济贸易大学出版社,2006:33,59-136.
[26]刘淇.北京奥运经济研究.北京:北京出版社,2003:31,4,729-730.
[27]薛海红.奥运经济与北京的可持续发展.集团经济研究,2006(22):65-66.
[28]巴曙松.奥运经济的金融视角.中国城市经济,2006(1),16-17.
[29]唐少清,白素英.奥运会对北京会展业发展的影响研究.管理学报,2007,4(4):464-469.
[30]钟加勇.警惕奥运经济风险.中国企业家,2007(7):90-92.
[31]武军,李咏涛.后奥运经济及其效应探析.生产力研究,2007(8):6-8.
[32]李婷婷,郭毓洁,张歆梅.基于SSPAB模型的MICE业进入性分析.旅游学刊,2007(1):77-83.
[33]过聚荣.2006-2007年中国会展经济发展报告.北京:社会科学文献出版社,2007.
[34]牛小慧.北京离“国际会展中心有多远”,数据,2007(9).
[35]王晶.会展旅游业中的政府职责.商业研究,2003(7):117-119.
[36]戴光全.重大事件对城市发展及城市旅游的影响研究.北京:中国旅游出版社,2005.
[37]李卫平,龙国强,李晓明.2008奥运会对北京市人文环境影响的研究.体育与科学,2007(1):44-46.
[38]杨桦.2008北京奥运会对提升中国国际地位和声望的研究.体育科学,2006(5):3-5.
[39]张华.2008年北京“后奥运低谷效应”的规避.商业视角,2007(8):194-195.
[40]门玉峰.奥运经济效应论与北京奥运需求投资分析.北京工商大学学报(社会 科学版),2007(1):92-96.
[41]余向平.会展产业链的结构与效应.经济论坛,2008(1):67-69.
[42]李旭,马耀峰.国外会展旅游研究综述.旅游学刊,2008(3):85-89.
[43]陈峰仪.政府主导型会展模式研究.人文地理,2008(1):124-128.
[44]胡平.基于展馆视角的我国会展区域竞争力差异分析.商业经济与管理,2008(3):64-68.
[45]史卫东.会展管理体制探讨.黑龙江对外经贸,2008(3):89-90.
[46]张燕.德国会展业发展对中国的启示.全国商情(经济理论研究),2008(1):25-26.
6 过聚荣.2006-2007年中国会展经济发展报告.北京:社会科学文献出版社,2007
7 王保伦.会展旅游.北京:中国商务出版社,2004:149
8 李婷婷.郭毓洁,张歆梅.基于SSPAB模型的MICE业进入性分析.旅游学刊,2007(1)
10 数据摘自《“十五”期间(2001-2005)中国展览业发展报告》.年鉴出版社,2007年11月第1版》
14 牛小慧,北京离“国际会展中心有多远”,数据,2007(9),作者单位:北京市统计局
16 数字摘自《北京2008奥运交通战略计划》,www.soufun.com,2008.1.25
17 数据来源:北京统计年鉴2007,统计出版社,2008.1
18 刘大可,王起静.会展活动概论.北京:清华大学出版社,2004:87
[1] Joe Goldblatt. Special Events (Third Edition). John Wiley&Sons, INC, 2002.
[2] Jones Lang Salle&Lasalle. Investment Management: Reaching Beyond the Gold—the Impact of the Olympic Games on Real Estate Markets, 2001.
[3] Helen Jefferson Lenskyj. The Best Olympic Ever—Social Impacts of Sydney 2000. New York: State University of New York Press, 2002.
[4] Jago, L.etal. Building Events into Destination Branding: Insights from Experts. Event Management. 2003(1).
[5] Leo Van Den Berg, Eric Braun& Alexander HJ.Otgaar. Sports and City Marketing in European Cities. England: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2002.
[6] Oppermann M. Convention Cities Images and Changing Fortunes. Journal of Tourism Studies, 1996, 7(1): 10-19.
[7] Oppermann M. Convention destination images: Analysis of association meeting planners'.perception. Tourism Management, 1996, 17(3): 175-182.
[8] Carlsen J. A review of MICE industry evaluation and research in Asia and Australia 1988-1998. Journal of Convention and Exhibition Management, 1999, 1(4): 51-66.
[9] Dwyer L, Mellor R, Mistilis N, Mules T. A framework for assessing "tangible" and "intangible" impacts of events and conventions. Event Management , 2000 , 6(3):175-189.
[10] Rhonda. J, Montgomery, Sandra. K. Strick. Meetings conventions and expositions: An introduction to the industry. New York: John, wiley & Sons, 1995.
[11] Tsui Pik Doris Yip. A study of the Importance and Effect of Branding in the Hong Kong Exhibition Services Industry, www.exhibitions.org.hk, 2005.
[12] Aaker, D. A., Managing Brand Equity-Capitalizing On the Value of a Brand Name. New York: Free Press, 1991.
[13] Arcy, E.D., Keogh G. The Property Market and Urban Competitiveness. Urban Studies, 1999(36): 5-6.
[14] Kapferer, J.N.. Strategic Brand Management: Creating and Sustaining Brand Equity Long Term. London, Kogan Page Ltd., 2000.
[15] Dwyer L, Mistilis N. Challenges to MICE tourism in the Asia-Pacific region. Pacific Rim Tourism. Wallingford: CABI, 1997: 219-230.
[16]Wain,G.Social Impacts of the Sydney Olympics.Annals of Tourism Research,2003.1.
[17]孙名贵.会展经济学.北京:机械工业出版社,2006年3月第1版:18-28,35-49,68-96.
[18]刘大可,王起静.会展活动概论.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[19]刘大可.中国会展业:理论、现状与政策.北京:中国商务出版社,2004.
[20]陈志平,刘松萍.会展经济学.北京:经济科学出版社,2004.
[21]苏东水.产业经济学.北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[22]李悦.产业经济学(第二版).北京:中国人民大学出版社,2004.
[23]Michael E.Porter.The Competitive Advantage of Nation,1990.李明轩,邱如美译.北京:中信出版社,2007.10.
[24]邹昭晞.企业战略分析.北京:经济管理出版社,2005:31-43,51-53.
[25]楚祥银.北京市会展业发展研究.北京:首都经济贸易大学出版社,2006:33,59-136.
[26]刘淇.北京奥运经济研究.北京:北京出版社,2003:31,4,729-730.
[27]薛海红.奥运经济与北京的可持续发展.集团经济研究,2006(22):65-66.
[28]巴曙松.奥运经济的金融视角.中国城市经济,2006(1),16-17.
[29]唐少清,白素英.奥运会对北京会展业发展的影响研究.管理学报,2007,4(4):464-469.
[30]钟加勇.警惕奥运经济风险.中国企业家,2007(7):90-92.
[31]武军,李咏涛.后奥运经济及其效应探析.生产力研究,2007(8):6-8.
[32]李婷婷,郭毓洁,张歆梅.基于SSPAB模型的MICE业进入性分析.旅游学刊,2007(1):77-83.
[33]过聚荣.2006-2007年中国会展经济发展报告.北京:社会科学文献出版社,2007.
[34]牛小慧.北京离“国际会展中心有多远”,数据,2007(9).
[35]王晶.会展旅游业中的政府职责.商业研究,2003(7):117-119.
[36]戴光全.重大事件对城市发展及城市旅游的影响研究.北京:中国旅游出版社,2005.
[37]李卫平,龙国强,李晓明.2008奥运会对北京市人文环境影响的研究.体育与科学,2007(1):44-46.
[38]杨桦.2008北京奥运会对提升中国国际地位和声望的研究.体育科学,2006(5):3-5.
[39]张华.2008年北京“后奥运低谷效应”的规避.商业视角,2007(8):194-195.
[40]门玉峰.奥运经济效应论与北京奥运需求投资分析.北京工商大学学报(社会 科学版),2007(1):92-96.
[41]余向平.会展产业链的结构与效应.经济论坛,2008(1):67-69.
[42]李旭,马耀峰.国外会展旅游研究综述.旅游学刊,2008(3):85-89.
[43]陈峰仪.政府主导型会展模式研究.人文地理,2008(1):124-128.
[44]胡平.基于展馆视角的我国会展区域竞争力差异分析.商业经济与管理,2008(3):64-68.
[45]史卫东.会展管理体制探讨.黑龙江对外经贸,2008(3):89-90.
[46]张燕.德国会展业发展对中国的启示.全国商情(经济理论研究),2008(1):25-26.