乳制品中三聚氰胺检测新方法研究
|
摘要
三聚氰胺是一种用途广泛的化工原料,分子中含氮量达66.6%,一些不法企业将其添加到牛奶、乳制品、饲料中,造成粗蛋白质虚高的假相,不仅对乳制品、养殖业等产业产生不利影响,对人类健康也构成严重威胁。2007年美国的“宠物粮”风波和2008年我国的“三鹿牌婴幼儿奶粉重大食品安全事故”给中国企业和行业的形象造成了极为不利的影响,给受害家庭造成严重伤害。因此,研制新的方便、准确、灵敏、快速、适用于现场监测的三聚氰胺分析方法,特别是痕量水平的三聚氰胺的分析方法是当前分析化学领域的重要研究课题,也是分析工作者面临的巨大挑战。本课题基于三聚氰胺的物理与化学性质,分别建立了分光光度法和电化学传感器法检测乳制品中三聚氰胺的新方法。
(1)建立了pH渐变光谱-秩消失因子分析法测定牛奶中三聚氰胺的新方法。在本方法中,通过记录多个pH点溶液的吸收光谱,获得酸度-光谱双线性数据矩阵,再应用秩消失因子分析法计算牛奶中三聚氰胺的浓度。应用本方法对牛奶中三聚氰胺进行了测定,最优条件下,校正试样和混合牛奶试样的检测线性范围分别为0.04 ~ 4.0μg/mL和0.04 ~ 3.5μg/mL,检测限达12 ng/mL,对三个加标牛奶样品平行测定三次的回收率为98.06~100.43%,相对标准偏差为0.27~6.15%,相对预测偏差和均方根预测偏差分别为0.91%和0.0151。该法简单、便捷,可用于未知复杂基质中三聚氰胺的检测。
(2)研制了一种新型简易的三聚氰胺传感器,这种传感器以电聚合对氨基苯甲酸分子印迹聚合物(MIP)为识别元件。在模板分子三聚氰胺存在下,将对氨基苯甲酸通过电位循环扫描的方式电沉积到玻碳电极上制得对氨基苯甲酸分子印迹聚合物薄膜。用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和循环伏安法(CV)表征了该修饰电极的表面特征。用差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)来验证铁氰化物的氧化峰电流在分子印迹传感器上的变化。研究和优化了影响对氨基苯甲酸分子印迹聚合物性能的几个重要参数。在最佳实验条件下,铁氰化物的氧化电流相对变化量与三聚氰胺的浓度呈线性关系,线性范围为4.0μmol/L~0.45 mmol/L,线性相关系数为0.9992。检出限为0.36μmol/L(S/N = 3)。该传感器用于牛奶中三聚氰胺的检测,具有较高的选择性,灵敏度和可重复性。研究结果表明,用分子印迹技术制备无电活性物质的电化学传感器是可行的。
(3)以没食子酸和邻苯二胺为混合功能单体,制备了没食子酸-邻苯二胺共聚物修饰的三聚氰胺分子印迹电极。以0.1 mol/L NaOH的50%(v/v)乙腈-水溶液为模板洗脱液,以铁氰化物为电化学探针,考察了分子印迹聚合物与三聚氰胺之间的相互作用。循环伏安法(CV),电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)的表征结果说明,三聚氰胺分子凭借与印迹膜之间的氢键相互作用、π-π堆积作用和静电相互作用等,占据了印迹通道,阻碍了探针分子进入电极表面,从而使铁氰化物的氧化-还原峰电流降低。基于这一原理,我们用方波伏安法(SWV)考察了含有不同浓度三聚氰胺的铁氰化物溶液在印迹电极和非印迹电极上的伏安行为,建立了以没食子酸和邻苯二胺为混合功能单体的分子印迹传感器测定三聚氰胺的方法。在最佳实验条件下, SWV测定三聚氰胺的线性范围为10.0 nmol/L ~ 0.1μmol/L和10.0μmol/L ~ 100.0μmol/L,检出限为1.6 nmol/L(S/N = 3)。本法简便快捷,用于乳制品中三聚氰胺的检测,方法精密度(RSD)小于4%,回收率大于90%。没食子酸和邻苯二胺共聚物修饰的三聚氰胺分子印迹电极具有响应时间短,使用方便,廉价和制作简便等优点。
Melamine (1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine), a kind of triazine analogue with three amino groups, is an industrial chemical used in the production of melamine-formaldehyde resins. Because it contains a substantial amount of nitrogen (66% by mass), it has been used as a filler for protein-rich diets by unethical manufacturers. This was mirrored in the pet food incident in early 2007 and the milk products scandal recently when melamine was added to raw materials to obtain high protein contents. Melamine has a low oral acute toxicity, but the chronic administration of high concentrations can induce renal pathology and even death, especially in babies and children. Melamine in combination with cyanuric acid is able to form insoluble melamine cyanurate crystals in the kidney, which causes renal failure. Therefore, a sensitive and reliable method is urgently needed for the determination of melamine in food and, particularly, in dairy products for children. In this paper, the quantitative determination of melamine in milk products using spectrophotometric method and electrochemical sensor were constructed, respectively, according to the physical and chemical properties of melamine.
(1) A new spectrophotometric method has been developed in this paper to determine melamine in milk by applying rank annihilation factor analysis (RAFA) based on pH gradual change-UV spectral data (pH-spectra). In the proposed method, the spectra of the sample solutions at different pH data points were recorded and the pH-spectra bilinear data matrix was generated. Based on these data, the RAFA analysis was then applied to calculate the concentration of melamine in milk. The experiments have been conducted and the results were satisfactory. Under the optimized conditions, linearity of the proposed method was in the range of 0.04–4.0μg/mL for calibration samples, and 0.04~3.5μg/mL for the mixed solution of melamine with the background milk components. The limit of detection (LOD) was 12 ng/mL. The relative predictive error (RPEs) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of applying RAFA were 0.91% and 0.0151, respectively.
(2) A novel and simple sensor is developed in this paper for melamine detection, which is based on an electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) of para-aminobenzoic acid (pABA). The poly(para-aminobenzoic acid) (P-pABA) film was deposited in a pABA solution by potentiodynamic cycling of potential with and without the template (melamine) on a glassy carbon electrode. The surface feature of the modified electrode was characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The molecular imprinted sensor was tested by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) to verify the changes in redox peak currents of hexacyanoferrate. Several important parameters controlling the performance of the P-pABA were investigated and optimized. In the optimal conditions, the relative redox peak currents of hexacyanoferrate were linear with the concentration of melamine ranged from 4.0μmol/L to 0.45 mmol/L, with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.9992. The detection limit was 0.36μmol/L (S/N = 3). The MIP sensor was successfully applied to the determination of melamine in milk products and showed high selectivity, sensitivity, and reproducibility. The results of this research demonstrate that it is feasible to use the molecular imprinting methodology when preparing sensing devices for analytes that are electrochemically inactive.
(3) A novel and simple electrochemical method is developed based on molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) with dual functional monomers to determine total content of melamine in milk products. With gallic acid (trihydroxybenzoic acid, GA) and o-phenylenediamine (o-PD) as dual-functional monomers, melamine as a template, MIP film on a glassy carbon electrode was constructed as melamine sensor. The template can be quickly removed by 0.1 mol/L NaOH solution (50% (v/v) acetonitrile as solvent). The electrochemical probe of hexacyanoferrate was used to investigate the interactions between MIP and melamine. Results of cyclic voltammetries (CV), electrochemical impedance spectrometry (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) proved that melamine might interact with MIP mainly through electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding interactions. The interactions between MIP and melamine cause to the decrease in the peak currents of hexacyanoferrate, which could be used for electrochemical sensing of melamine. The voltammetric behaviour of hexacyanoferrate solutions containing different concentrations of melamine on MIP and non-molecularly imprinted polymer (NIP) sensors was investigated by square wave voltammetry (SWV). Several important parameters controlling the performance of the MIP electrode were investigated and optimized. In the optimal conditions, the sensor responded sensitively to melamine from 10.0 nmol/L to 0.1μmol/L, and from 10.0μmol/L to 100μmol/L. The detection limit on the basis of a signal to noise ratio of 3 was as low as 1.6 nmol/L. The proposed method is simple and rapid. The same method was applied successfully to the determination of melamine in milk products, and method precision (RSD<4%) and recoveries (>90%) were satisfactory. The poly(gallic acid-o-phenylenediamine) (P(GA-o-PD)) electrodes have the merit of low response time, convenient and low-cost for determination of melamine, and are disposable and simple to construct.
(1)建立了pH渐变光谱-秩消失因子分析法测定牛奶中三聚氰胺的新方法。在本方法中,通过记录多个pH点溶液的吸收光谱,获得酸度-光谱双线性数据矩阵,再应用秩消失因子分析法计算牛奶中三聚氰胺的浓度。应用本方法对牛奶中三聚氰胺进行了测定,最优条件下,校正试样和混合牛奶试样的检测线性范围分别为0.04 ~ 4.0μg/mL和0.04 ~ 3.5μg/mL,检测限达12 ng/mL,对三个加标牛奶样品平行测定三次的回收率为98.06~100.43%,相对标准偏差为0.27~6.15%,相对预测偏差和均方根预测偏差分别为0.91%和0.0151。该法简单、便捷,可用于未知复杂基质中三聚氰胺的检测。
(2)研制了一种新型简易的三聚氰胺传感器,这种传感器以电聚合对氨基苯甲酸分子印迹聚合物(MIP)为识别元件。在模板分子三聚氰胺存在下,将对氨基苯甲酸通过电位循环扫描的方式电沉积到玻碳电极上制得对氨基苯甲酸分子印迹聚合物薄膜。用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和循环伏安法(CV)表征了该修饰电极的表面特征。用差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)来验证铁氰化物的氧化峰电流在分子印迹传感器上的变化。研究和优化了影响对氨基苯甲酸分子印迹聚合物性能的几个重要参数。在最佳实验条件下,铁氰化物的氧化电流相对变化量与三聚氰胺的浓度呈线性关系,线性范围为4.0μmol/L~0.45 mmol/L,线性相关系数为0.9992。检出限为0.36μmol/L(S/N = 3)。该传感器用于牛奶中三聚氰胺的检测,具有较高的选择性,灵敏度和可重复性。研究结果表明,用分子印迹技术制备无电活性物质的电化学传感器是可行的。
(3)以没食子酸和邻苯二胺为混合功能单体,制备了没食子酸-邻苯二胺共聚物修饰的三聚氰胺分子印迹电极。以0.1 mol/L NaOH的50%(v/v)乙腈-水溶液为模板洗脱液,以铁氰化物为电化学探针,考察了分子印迹聚合物与三聚氰胺之间的相互作用。循环伏安法(CV),电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)的表征结果说明,三聚氰胺分子凭借与印迹膜之间的氢键相互作用、π-π堆积作用和静电相互作用等,占据了印迹通道,阻碍了探针分子进入电极表面,从而使铁氰化物的氧化-还原峰电流降低。基于这一原理,我们用方波伏安法(SWV)考察了含有不同浓度三聚氰胺的铁氰化物溶液在印迹电极和非印迹电极上的伏安行为,建立了以没食子酸和邻苯二胺为混合功能单体的分子印迹传感器测定三聚氰胺的方法。在最佳实验条件下, SWV测定三聚氰胺的线性范围为10.0 nmol/L ~ 0.1μmol/L和10.0μmol/L ~ 100.0μmol/L,检出限为1.6 nmol/L(S/N = 3)。本法简便快捷,用于乳制品中三聚氰胺的检测,方法精密度(RSD)小于4%,回收率大于90%。没食子酸和邻苯二胺共聚物修饰的三聚氰胺分子印迹电极具有响应时间短,使用方便,廉价和制作简便等优点。
Melamine (1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine), a kind of triazine analogue with three amino groups, is an industrial chemical used in the production of melamine-formaldehyde resins. Because it contains a substantial amount of nitrogen (66% by mass), it has been used as a filler for protein-rich diets by unethical manufacturers. This was mirrored in the pet food incident in early 2007 and the milk products scandal recently when melamine was added to raw materials to obtain high protein contents. Melamine has a low oral acute toxicity, but the chronic administration of high concentrations can induce renal pathology and even death, especially in babies and children. Melamine in combination with cyanuric acid is able to form insoluble melamine cyanurate crystals in the kidney, which causes renal failure. Therefore, a sensitive and reliable method is urgently needed for the determination of melamine in food and, particularly, in dairy products for children. In this paper, the quantitative determination of melamine in milk products using spectrophotometric method and electrochemical sensor were constructed, respectively, according to the physical and chemical properties of melamine.
(1) A new spectrophotometric method has been developed in this paper to determine melamine in milk by applying rank annihilation factor analysis (RAFA) based on pH gradual change-UV spectral data (pH-spectra). In the proposed method, the spectra of the sample solutions at different pH data points were recorded and the pH-spectra bilinear data matrix was generated. Based on these data, the RAFA analysis was then applied to calculate the concentration of melamine in milk. The experiments have been conducted and the results were satisfactory. Under the optimized conditions, linearity of the proposed method was in the range of 0.04–4.0μg/mL for calibration samples, and 0.04~3.5μg/mL for the mixed solution of melamine with the background milk components. The limit of detection (LOD) was 12 ng/mL. The relative predictive error (RPEs) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of applying RAFA were 0.91% and 0.0151, respectively.
(2) A novel and simple sensor is developed in this paper for melamine detection, which is based on an electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) of para-aminobenzoic acid (pABA). The poly(para-aminobenzoic acid) (P-pABA) film was deposited in a pABA solution by potentiodynamic cycling of potential with and without the template (melamine) on a glassy carbon electrode. The surface feature of the modified electrode was characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The molecular imprinted sensor was tested by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) to verify the changes in redox peak currents of hexacyanoferrate. Several important parameters controlling the performance of the P-pABA were investigated and optimized. In the optimal conditions, the relative redox peak currents of hexacyanoferrate were linear with the concentration of melamine ranged from 4.0μmol/L to 0.45 mmol/L, with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.9992. The detection limit was 0.36μmol/L (S/N = 3). The MIP sensor was successfully applied to the determination of melamine in milk products and showed high selectivity, sensitivity, and reproducibility. The results of this research demonstrate that it is feasible to use the molecular imprinting methodology when preparing sensing devices for analytes that are electrochemically inactive.
(3) A novel and simple electrochemical method is developed based on molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) with dual functional monomers to determine total content of melamine in milk products. With gallic acid (trihydroxybenzoic acid, GA) and o-phenylenediamine (o-PD) as dual-functional monomers, melamine as a template, MIP film on a glassy carbon electrode was constructed as melamine sensor. The template can be quickly removed by 0.1 mol/L NaOH solution (50% (v/v) acetonitrile as solvent). The electrochemical probe of hexacyanoferrate was used to investigate the interactions between MIP and melamine. Results of cyclic voltammetries (CV), electrochemical impedance spectrometry (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) proved that melamine might interact with MIP mainly through electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding interactions. The interactions between MIP and melamine cause to the decrease in the peak currents of hexacyanoferrate, which could be used for electrochemical sensing of melamine. The voltammetric behaviour of hexacyanoferrate solutions containing different concentrations of melamine on MIP and non-molecularly imprinted polymer (NIP) sensors was investigated by square wave voltammetry (SWV). Several important parameters controlling the performance of the MIP electrode were investigated and optimized. In the optimal conditions, the sensor responded sensitively to melamine from 10.0 nmol/L to 0.1μmol/L, and from 10.0μmol/L to 100μmol/L. The detection limit on the basis of a signal to noise ratio of 3 was as low as 1.6 nmol/L. The proposed method is simple and rapid. The same method was applied successfully to the determination of melamine in milk products, and method precision (RSD<4%) and recoveries (>90%) were satisfactory. The poly(gallic acid-o-phenylenediamine) (P(GA-o-PD)) electrodes have the merit of low response time, convenient and low-cost for determination of melamine, and are disposable and simple to construct.
引文
[1]李海燕,占春瑞,郭平.动物性食品中三聚氰胺研究进展[J].动物医学进展, 2009, 30 (2): 90-92.
[2]梁华正,刘清,杨水平,等.奶粉中三聚氰胺等伪蛋白的危害和新检测方法[J].大学化学, 2009, 24 (1): 14-18.
[3]田树清,范艳平.浅谈三聚氰胺的毒性及其在饲料中的检测方法[J].广东畜牧兽医科技, 2009, 34 (2): 7-8, 18.
[4]职爱民,邓瑞广,刘庆堂,等.三聚氰胺的毒害作用及其残留检测[J].中国饲料,2009, 2: 38-40.
[5]李臣,周洪星,石骏,等.三聚氰胺的特性及其检测[J].农产品加工, 2009, 1: 62-63, 66.
[6]谢志辉,陈茜,陈智,等.三聚氰胺毒性研究进展[J].湖南饲料, 2009, 2: 14-16.
[7]沈昊宇,赵永纲,王乐屏,等.三聚氰胺及其相关物质的性质、危害与检测技术[J].化学通报, 2009, 4: 341-349.
[8] Junshi Chen. A worldwide food safety concern in 2008-melamine-contaminated infant formula in China caused urinary tract stone in 290 000 children in China [J]. Chinese Medical Journal, 2009, 122 (3): 243-244.
[9] Na Guan, Qingfeng Fan, Jie Ding, et al. Melamine-Contaminated Powdered Formula and Urolithiasis in Young Children [J]. The new England journal of medicine, 2009, 360 (11): 1067-1074.
[10]苏建青,褚秀玲,夏咸柱.三聚氰胺与畜产品污染[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2009, 4: 72-73.
[11]杜玮,傅强.三聚氰胺检测方法的研究进展[J].中国卫生检验杂志, 2009, 19 (1): 236-239.
[12]鲁杰,王竹天,杨大进,等.不同基质中三聚氰胺分析方法的研究进展[J].中国食品添加剂, 2009: 55-61.
[13] Shuiping Yang, Jianhua Ding, Jian Zheng, et al. Detection of Melamine in Milk Products by Surface Desorption Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization MassSpectrometry [J]. Analytical Chemistry, 2009, 81: 2426-2436.
[14] Liang Zhu, Gerardo Gamez, Huanwen Chen, et al. Rapid detection of melamine in untreated milk and wheat gluten by ultrasound-assisted extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EESI-MS) [J]. Chemical Communications, 2009: 559-561.
[15] Lukas Vaclavik, Jan Rosmus, Bert Popping, et al. Rapid determination of melamine and cyanuric acid in milk powder using direct analysis in real time-time-of-flight mass spectrometry [J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2010, 1217: 4204-4211.
[16] Roberto Mu?iz-Valencia, Silvia G. Ceballos-Magana, Daniel Rosales-Martinez, et al. Method development and validation for melamine and its derivatives in rice concentrates by liquid chromatography. Application to animal feed samples [J]. Analytical Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2008, 392, 523-531.
[17] Hanwen Sun, Lixin Wang, Lianfeng Ai, et al. A sensitive and validated method for determination of melamine residue in liquid milk by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography with solid-phase extraction [J]. Food Control, 2010, 21: 686-691.
[18] Yu-Tse Wu, Chih-Min Huang, Chia-Chun Lin, et al. Determination of melamine in rat plasma, liver, kidney, spleen, bladder and brain by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry [J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2009, 1216: 7595-7601.
[19] Xiaomin Xu, Yiping Ren, Yun Zhu, et al. Direct determination of melamine in dairy products by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with coupled column separation [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2009, 650: 39-43.
[20] Hong Miao, Sai Fan, Yongning Wu, et al. Simultaneous Determination of Melamine, Ammelide, Ammeline, and Cyanuric Acid in Milk and Milk Products by Gas Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry [J]. Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, 2009, 22: 87-94.
[21] Xiaojun Deng, Dehua Guo, Shanzhen Zhao, et al. A novel mixed-mode solid phase extraction for simultaneous determination of melamine and cyanuric acidin food by hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled to tandem mass chromatography [J]. Journal of Chromatography B, 2010, 878: 2839-2844
[22] Gopalakrishnan Venkatasami, John R. Sowa Jr.. A rapid, acetonitrile-free, HPLC method for determination of melamine in infant formula [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2010, 665: 227-230.
[23] Mengqi Zhang, Shuijun Li, Chengyin Yu, et al. Determination of melamine and cyanuric acid in human urine by a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry [J]. Journal of Chromatography B, 2010, 878: 758-762.
[24] Shin-Hwa Tzing, Wang-Hsien Ding. Determination of melamine and cyanuric acid in powdered milk using injection-port derivatization and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with furan chemical ionization [J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2010, 1217: 6267-6273.
[25] Yi-Fen Hsu, Kuan-Ting Chen, Yu-Wei Liu, et al. Determination of melamine and related triazine by-products ammeline, ammelide, and cyanuric acid by micellar electrokinetic chromatography [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2010, 673: 206-211.
[26] S. Squadrone, G.L. Ferro, D. Marchis, et al. Determination of melamine in feed: Validation of a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method according to 2004/882/CE regulation [J]. Food Control 2010, 21: 714-718.
[27] Maria Rambla-Alegre, Juan Peris-Vicente, Sergio Marco-Peiró, et al. Development of an analytical methodology to quantify melamine in milk using micellar liquid chromatography and validation according to EU Regulation 2002/654/EC [J]. Talanta 2010, 81: 894-900.
[28] Cristina C. Jacob, Gonc alo Gamboa da Costa. Low-level quantification of melamine and cyanuric acid in limited samples of rat serum by UPLC-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry [J]. Journal of Chromatography B, 2011, 879: 652-656.
[29] Mu Li, Liying Zhang, Zihui Meng, et al. Molecularly-imprinted microspheres for selective extraction and determination of melamine in milk and feed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [J]. Journal of Chromatography B, 2010,878: 2333-2338.
[30] Petra Lutter, Marie-Claude Savoy-Perroud, Esther Campos-Gimenez, et al. Screening and confirmatory methods for the determination of melamine in cow’s milk and milk-based powdered infant formula: Validation and proficiency-tests of ELISA, HPLC-UV, GC-MS and LC-MS/MS [J]. Food Control, 2011, 22: 903-913.
[31] Wenchi Wu, I-Lin Tsai, Shaowen Sun, et al. Using sweeping-micellar electrokinetic chromatography to determine melamine in food [J]. Food Chemistry, 2011, Accepted Manuscript, doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.12.134.
[32] Jinyan Wang, Lianmei Jiang, Qingcui Chu, et al. Residue Analysis of Melamine in Milk Products by Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography with Amperometric Detection, Food Chemistry, 2009, Accepted Manuscript, doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.11.074.
[33] I-Lin Tsai, Shao-Wen Sun, Hsiao-Wei Liao, et al. Rapid analysis of melamine in infant formula by sweeping-micellar electrokinetic chromatography [J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2009, 1216: 8296-8303.
[34] Christian W. Klampfl, Liisa Andersen, Manuela Haunschmidt, et al. Analysis of melamine in milk powder by CZE using UV detection and hyphenation with ESI quadrupole/TOF MS detection [J]. Electrophoresis, 2009, 30: 1-4.
[35] Na Yan, Lei Zhou, Zaifang Zhu, et al. Determination of Melamine in Dairy Products, Fish Feed, and Fish by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis with Diode Array Detection [J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2009, 57(3): 807-811.
[36] Chun Zhai, Wei Qiang, Jin Sheng, et al. Pretreatment-free fast ultraviolet detection of melamine in milk products with a disposable microfluidic device [J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2010, 1217: 785-789.
[37] Jingen Xia, Naiyuan Zhou, Yujun Liu, et al. Simultaneous determination of melamine and related compounds by capillary zone electrophoresis [J]. Food Control 2010, 21: 912-918.
[38] Byungchul Kim, Lewis B. Perkins, Rodney J. Bushway, et al. Determination ofmelamine in pet food by enzyme immunoassay, high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection, and ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry [J]. Journal of AOAC International, 2008, 91(2): 408-413.
[39]郑华飞.三聚氰胺的性能及检测方法[J].科技创新导报, 2009, 2: 22-23.
[40] Jinghua Yu, Congcong Zhang, Ping Dai, et al. Highly selective molecular recognition and high throughput detection of melamine based on molecularly imprinted sol-gel film [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2009, 651: 209-214.
[41] Jingjing Zhang, Min Wu, Donghua Chen, et al. Ultrasensitive determination of melamine in milk products and biological fluids by luminol-hydrogen peroxide chemiluminescence [J]. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis (2010), Accepted Manuscript, doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2010.09.021.
[42] T. Serdiuk, V.A. Skryshevsky, M. Phaner-Goutorbe, et al. Monitoring of melamine contamination in fat watery milk by the photoluminescence analysis [J]. Talanta, 2010, 82: 1543-1547.
[43] Zhiyong Guo, Panpan Gai, Tingting Hao, et al. Determination of melamine in dairy products by an electrochemiluminescent method combined with solid-phase extraction [J]. Talanta, 2011, 83: 1736-1741.
[44] Yan Cheng, Yiyang Dong, Jinghang Wu, et al. Screening melamine adulterant in milk powder with laser Raman spectrometry [J]. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2010, 23: 199-202.
[45] M. Lin, L. He, J. Awika, et al. Detection of Melamine in Gluten, Chicken Feed, and Processed Foods Using Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and HPLC [J]. Journal of Food Science, 2008, 73(8): 129-134.
[46] Jamil Rima, Maurice Abourida, Ting Xu, et al. New spectrophotometric method for the quantitative determination of melamine using Mannich reaction [J]. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2009, 22: 689-693.
[47] Yan Cheng, Yiyang Dong. Screening melamine contaminant in eggs with portable surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy based on gold nanosubstrate[J]. Food Control, 2011, 22: 685-689.
[48] Qian Cao, Hong Zhao, Lixi Zeng, et al. Electrochemical determination of melamine using oligonucleotides modified gold electrodes [J]. Talanta, 2009, 80: 484-488.
[49] Rongning Liang, Ruiming Zhang, Wei Qin. Potentiometric sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer for determination of melamine in milk [J]. Sensors and Actuators B, 2009, 141: 544-550.
[50] Qian Cao, Hong Zhao, Yujian Hea, et al. Electrochemical sensing of melamine with 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid as recognition element [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2010, 675: 24-28.
[51] Yunyou Zhou, JuanYang, Min Liu, et al. A novel fluorometric determination of melamine using cucurbit[7]uril [J]. Journal of Luminescence, 2010, 130: 817-820.
[52] Agnieszka Pietrzyk, Wlodzimierz Kutner, Raghu Chitta, et al. Melamine Acoustic Chemosensor Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Film [J]. Anal. Chem. 2009, 81: 10061-10070.
[53] NY/T1372-2007.中华人民共和国农业部行业标准[S].
[54] GB/T 22388-2008.中华人民共和国国家标准.原料乳与乳制品中三聚氰胺检测方法[S].
[55] Abbas Afkhami, & Lida Khalafi. Spectrophotometric investigation of the effect ofβ-cyclodextrin on the intramolecular cyclization reaction of catecholamines using rank annihilation factor analysis [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2007, 599: 241-248.
[56] Lin An, Jian Deng, Liang Zhou, et al. Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of trace amount of malachite green and crystal violet in water after cloud point extraction using partial least squares regression [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010, 175: 883-888.
[57] Ali Niazi, Ateesa Yazdanipour. Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of cobalt, copper and nickel using 1-(2-thiazolylazo)-2-naphthol by chemometrics methods [J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2008, 19: 860-864.
[58] Jintao Yuan, Lifu Liao, Yingwu Lin, et al. Determination of Sudan I in chillipowder from solvent components gradual change-visible spectra data using second order calibration algorithms [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2008, 607: 160-167.
[59] Bahram Hemmateenejad, Abdolkarim Abbaspour, Homeyra Maghami, et al. Spectrophotometric determination of acidity constants by two-rank annihilation factor analysis [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2008, 607: 142-152.
[60] Ali Niazi, Javad Zolgharnein, Mohammad Reza Davoodabadi. Spectrophotometric determination of acidity constant of some indicators in various micellar media solutions by rank annihilation factor analysis [J]. Spectrochimica Acta Part A, 2008, 70: 343-349.
[61] Lifu Liao, Jing Yang, Jintao Yuan. Process monitored spectrophotometric titration coupled with chemometrics for simultaneous determination of mixtures of weak acids [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2007, 591: 123-131.
[62] Mohsen Kompany-Zareh, Mahdi Vasighi. Analysis of solvents mixtures employing rank annihilation factor analysis on near infrared spectral data from sequential addition of analyte [J]. Fuel Processing Technology, 2009, Article in Press, doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.08.015.
[63] Zhongliang Zhu, Jun Xia, Jiang Zhang, et al. Determination of rate constants from two-way kinetic-spectral data by using rank annihilation factor analysis [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2002, 454: 21-30.
[64] Enric Comas, Joan Ferré, F. Xavier Rius. Graphical criterion for assessing trilinearity and selecting the optimal number of factors in the generalized rank annihilation method using liquid chromatography–diode array detection data [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta 2004, 515: 23-30.
[65] H. Abdollahi, A. Safavi, S. Zeinali. Model-based rank annihilation factor analysis for quantitative analysis of mixtures of monoprotic acids using multivariate spectrophotometric acid-base titrations [J]. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 2008, 94: 112-117.
[66] Hamid Abdollahi, Fariba Nazari. Rank annihilation factor analysis for spectrophotometric study of complex formation equilibria [J]. Analytica ChimicaActa 2003, 486: 109-123.
[67] Morteza Bahram, Mehdi Mabhooti. Rank annihilation factor analysis using mean centering of ratio spectra for kinetic-spectrophotometric analysis of unknown samples [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2009, 639: 19-28.
[68] Zhongliang Zhu, Wei Li, Jun Xia. Simultaneous determination of reaction order and rate constant by rank annihilation factor analysis from kinetic-spectral data [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2004, 527: 203-210.
[69] Abbas Afkhami, Lida Khalafi. Spectrophotometric determination of conditional acidity constant as a function ofβ-cyclodextrin concentration for some organic acids using rank annihilation factor analysis [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2006, 569: 267-274.
[70] C. N. Ho, G. D. Christian, E. R. Davidson. Application of the Method of Rank Annihilation to Quantitative Analyses of Multicomponent Fluorescence Data from the Video Fluorometer [J]. Analytical Chemistry, 1978, 50 (8): 1108-1113.
[71] Patricia W.S. Chu, Kimmy M. Chan, Samuel T.C. Cheung, et al. Review of analytical techniques used in proficiency-testing programs for melamine in animal feed and milk [J]. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2010, 29 (9): 1014-1026.
[72] Fengxia Sun, Wei Ma, Liguang Xu, et al. Analytical methods and recent developments in the detection of melamine [J]. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2010, Article in Press, doi:10.1016/j.trac.2010.06.011.
[73] Elodie Pardieu, Helene Cheap, Christophe Vedrine, et al. Molecularly imprinted conducting polymer based electrochemical sensor for detection of atrazine [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2009, 649: 236-245.
[74] Jianping Li, Jun Zhao, Xiaoping Wei. A sensitive and selective sensor for dopamine determination based on a molecularly imprinted electropolymer of o-aminophenol [J]. Sensors and Actuators B, 2009, 140: 663–669.
[75] Tatiana L. Panasyuk, Vladimir M. Mirsky, Sergey A. Piletsky, et al. Electropolymerized Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Receptor Layers in Capacitive Chemical Sensors [J]. Anal. Chem., 1999, 71: 4609-4613.
[76] Haiping Liao, Zhaohui Zhang, Hui Li, et al. Preparation of the molecularly imprinted polymers based capacitive sensor specific for tegafur and its characterization by electrochemical impedance and piezoelectric quartz crystal microbalance [J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2004, 49: 4101-4107.
[77] Jin Zhang, Yaqiong Wang, Ruihong Lv, et al. Electrochemical tolazoline sensor based on gold nanoparticles and imprinted poly-o-aminothiophenol film [J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2010, 55: 4039-4044.
[78] Ali Aghaeia, Mohammad Reza Milani Hosseinia, Mostafa Najafi. A novel capacitive biosensor for cholesterol assay that uses an electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polymer [J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2010, 55: 1503-1508.
[79] Ji-Lai Gong, Fu-Chun Gong, Ge-Ming Zeng, et al. A novel electrosynthesized polymer applied to molecular imprinting technology [J]. Talanta, 2003, 61: 447-453.
[80] Benilda S. Ebarvia, Sharlene Cabanilla, Fortunato Sevilla III. Biomimetic properties and surface studies of a piezoelectric caffeine sensor based on electrosynthesized polypyrrole [J]. Talanta, 2005, 66: 145-152.
[81] Hui-Jing Liang, Tzong-Rong Ling, John F. Rick, et al. Molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor able to enantroselectivly recognize d and l-tyrosine [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2005, 542: 83-89.
[82] D.R. Albano, F. Sevilla III. Piezoelectric quartz crystal sensor for surfactant based on molecularly imprinted polypyrrole [J]. Sensors and Actuators B, 2007, 121, 129-134.
[83] Levent ?zcan, Yücel ?ahin. Determination of paracetamol based on electropolymerized-molecularly imprinted polypyrrole modified pencil graphite electrode [J]. Sensors and Actuators B, 2007, 127: 362-369.
[84] Vitali Syritski, Jekaterina Reut, Anna Menaker, et al. Electrosynthesized molecularly imprinted polypyrrole films for enantioselective recognition of l-aspartic acid [J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2008, 53: 2729-2736.
[85] Sabriye Per?in ?zkorucuklu, Yücel ?ahin, Güleren Alsancak. Voltammetric Behaviour of Sulfamethoxazole on Electropolymerized Molecularly ImprintedOveroxidized Polypyrrole [J]. Sensors, 2008, 8: 8463-8478.
[86] Alberto Gómez-Caballero, Ana Ugarte, Alicia Sánchez-Ortega, et al. Molecularly imprinted poly[tetra(o-aminophenyl)porphyrin] as a stable and selective coating for the development of voltammetric sensors [J]. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2010, 638: 246-253.
[87] Elisabetta Mazzotta, Cosimino Malitesta. Electrochemical detection of the toxic organohalide 2,4-DB using a Co-porphyrin based electrosynthesized molecularly imprinted polymer [J]. Sensors and Actuators B, 2010, 148: 186-194.
[88] Liang Feng, Yongjun Liu, Yiyong Tan, et al. Biosensor for the determination of sorbitol based on molecularly imprinted electrosynthesized polymers [J]. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2004, 19: 1513-1519.
[89] Hui Peng, Chengdu Liang, Anhong Zhou, et al. Development of a new atropine sulfate bulk acoustic wave sensor based on a molecularly imprinted electrosynthesized copolymer of aniline with o-phenylenediamine [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2000, 423: 221-228.
[90] Alberto Gómez-Caballero, M. Aranzazu Goicolea, Ramón J. Barrio. Paracetamol voltammetric microsensors based on electrocopolymerized molecularly imprinted film modified carbon fiber microelectrodes [J]. Analyst, 2005, 130: 1012-1018.
[91] Zhiliang Cheng, Erkang Wang, Xiurong Yang. Capacitive detection of glucose using molecularly imprinted polymers [J]. Biosensors & Bioelectronics, 2001, 16: 179-185.
[92] Ying Liu, Qi-Jun Song, Li Wang. Development and characterization of an amperometric sensor for triclosan detection based on electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polymer [J]. Microchemical Journal, 2009, 91: 222-226.
[93] Alberto Gómez-Caballero, Nora Unceta, M. Aranzazu Goicolea, et al. Evaluation of the selective detection of 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol by a molecularly imprinted polymer based microsensor electrosynthesized in a semiorganic media [J]. Sensors and Actuators B, 2008, 130: 713-722.
[94] Fang Xu, Mengnan Gao, Guoyue Shi, et al. Simultaneous detection ofmonoamines in rat striatal microdialysate at poly(para-aminobenzoic acid) modified electrode by high-performance liquid chromatography [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2001, 439: 239-246.
[95] Yuzhong Zhang, Jie Wang, Minglu Xu. A sensitive DNA biosensor fabricated with gold nanoparticles/ploy (p-aminobenzoic acid)/carbon nanotubes modified electrode [J]. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 2010, 75: 179-185.
[96] Ke-Jing Huang, Chun-Xuan Xu, Wan-Zhen Xie, et al. Electrochemical behavior and voltammetric determination of tryptophan based on 4-aminobenzoic acid polymer film modified glassy carbon electrode [J]. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 2009, 74: 167-171.
[97] Jinyou Ye, Jianyun Liu, Zhiquan Zhang, et al. Investigation of the model compounds at 4-aminobenzoic acid modified glassy carbon electrode by scanning electrochemical microscopy [J]. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2001, 508: 123-128.
[98] Fang Xu, Mengnan Gao, Lin Wang, et al. Sensitive determination of dopamine on poly(aminobenzoic acid) modified electrode and the application toward an experimental Parkinsonian animal model [J]. Talanta, 2001, 55: 329-336.
[99] A. Benyoucef, F. Huerta, J.L. Vázquez, et al. Synthesis and in situ FTIRS characterization of conducting polymers obtained from aminobenzoic acid isomers at platinum electrodes [J]. European Polymer Journal, 2005, 41: 843-852.
[100] Li Li, Daofeng Sun, Zhengping Wang, et al. Synthesis, characterization and NLO properties of a new 3D coordination polymer assembled from p-aminobenzoic acid [J]. Solid State Sciences, 2009, 11: 1040-1043.
[101] Arndt Ellwanger, Christine Berggren, Sami Bayoudh, et al. Evaluation of methods aimed at complete removal of template from molecularly imprinted polymers [J]. Analyst, 2001, 126: 784-792.
[102] Wei Song, Yu Chen, Juan Xu, et al. A selective voltammetric detection for dopamine using poly(gallic acid) film modified electrode [J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2010, 21: 349-352.
[2]梁华正,刘清,杨水平,等.奶粉中三聚氰胺等伪蛋白的危害和新检测方法[J].大学化学, 2009, 24 (1): 14-18.
[3]田树清,范艳平.浅谈三聚氰胺的毒性及其在饲料中的检测方法[J].广东畜牧兽医科技, 2009, 34 (2): 7-8, 18.
[4]职爱民,邓瑞广,刘庆堂,等.三聚氰胺的毒害作用及其残留检测[J].中国饲料,2009, 2: 38-40.
[5]李臣,周洪星,石骏,等.三聚氰胺的特性及其检测[J].农产品加工, 2009, 1: 62-63, 66.
[6]谢志辉,陈茜,陈智,等.三聚氰胺毒性研究进展[J].湖南饲料, 2009, 2: 14-16.
[7]沈昊宇,赵永纲,王乐屏,等.三聚氰胺及其相关物质的性质、危害与检测技术[J].化学通报, 2009, 4: 341-349.
[8] Junshi Chen. A worldwide food safety concern in 2008-melamine-contaminated infant formula in China caused urinary tract stone in 290 000 children in China [J]. Chinese Medical Journal, 2009, 122 (3): 243-244.
[9] Na Guan, Qingfeng Fan, Jie Ding, et al. Melamine-Contaminated Powdered Formula and Urolithiasis in Young Children [J]. The new England journal of medicine, 2009, 360 (11): 1067-1074.
[10]苏建青,褚秀玲,夏咸柱.三聚氰胺与畜产品污染[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2009, 4: 72-73.
[11]杜玮,傅强.三聚氰胺检测方法的研究进展[J].中国卫生检验杂志, 2009, 19 (1): 236-239.
[12]鲁杰,王竹天,杨大进,等.不同基质中三聚氰胺分析方法的研究进展[J].中国食品添加剂, 2009: 55-61.
[13] Shuiping Yang, Jianhua Ding, Jian Zheng, et al. Detection of Melamine in Milk Products by Surface Desorption Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization MassSpectrometry [J]. Analytical Chemistry, 2009, 81: 2426-2436.
[14] Liang Zhu, Gerardo Gamez, Huanwen Chen, et al. Rapid detection of melamine in untreated milk and wheat gluten by ultrasound-assisted extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EESI-MS) [J]. Chemical Communications, 2009: 559-561.
[15] Lukas Vaclavik, Jan Rosmus, Bert Popping, et al. Rapid determination of melamine and cyanuric acid in milk powder using direct analysis in real time-time-of-flight mass spectrometry [J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2010, 1217: 4204-4211.
[16] Roberto Mu?iz-Valencia, Silvia G. Ceballos-Magana, Daniel Rosales-Martinez, et al. Method development and validation for melamine and its derivatives in rice concentrates by liquid chromatography. Application to animal feed samples [J]. Analytical Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2008, 392, 523-531.
[17] Hanwen Sun, Lixin Wang, Lianfeng Ai, et al. A sensitive and validated method for determination of melamine residue in liquid milk by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography with solid-phase extraction [J]. Food Control, 2010, 21: 686-691.
[18] Yu-Tse Wu, Chih-Min Huang, Chia-Chun Lin, et al. Determination of melamine in rat plasma, liver, kidney, spleen, bladder and brain by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry [J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2009, 1216: 7595-7601.
[19] Xiaomin Xu, Yiping Ren, Yun Zhu, et al. Direct determination of melamine in dairy products by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with coupled column separation [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2009, 650: 39-43.
[20] Hong Miao, Sai Fan, Yongning Wu, et al. Simultaneous Determination of Melamine, Ammelide, Ammeline, and Cyanuric Acid in Milk and Milk Products by Gas Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry [J]. Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, 2009, 22: 87-94.
[21] Xiaojun Deng, Dehua Guo, Shanzhen Zhao, et al. A novel mixed-mode solid phase extraction for simultaneous determination of melamine and cyanuric acidin food by hydrophilic interaction chromatography coupled to tandem mass chromatography [J]. Journal of Chromatography B, 2010, 878: 2839-2844
[22] Gopalakrishnan Venkatasami, John R. Sowa Jr.. A rapid, acetonitrile-free, HPLC method for determination of melamine in infant formula [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2010, 665: 227-230.
[23] Mengqi Zhang, Shuijun Li, Chengyin Yu, et al. Determination of melamine and cyanuric acid in human urine by a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry [J]. Journal of Chromatography B, 2010, 878: 758-762.
[24] Shin-Hwa Tzing, Wang-Hsien Ding. Determination of melamine and cyanuric acid in powdered milk using injection-port derivatization and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with furan chemical ionization [J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2010, 1217: 6267-6273.
[25] Yi-Fen Hsu, Kuan-Ting Chen, Yu-Wei Liu, et al. Determination of melamine and related triazine by-products ammeline, ammelide, and cyanuric acid by micellar electrokinetic chromatography [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2010, 673: 206-211.
[26] S. Squadrone, G.L. Ferro, D. Marchis, et al. Determination of melamine in feed: Validation of a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method according to 2004/882/CE regulation [J]. Food Control 2010, 21: 714-718.
[27] Maria Rambla-Alegre, Juan Peris-Vicente, Sergio Marco-Peiró, et al. Development of an analytical methodology to quantify melamine in milk using micellar liquid chromatography and validation according to EU Regulation 2002/654/EC [J]. Talanta 2010, 81: 894-900.
[28] Cristina C. Jacob, Gonc alo Gamboa da Costa. Low-level quantification of melamine and cyanuric acid in limited samples of rat serum by UPLC-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry [J]. Journal of Chromatography B, 2011, 879: 652-656.
[29] Mu Li, Liying Zhang, Zihui Meng, et al. Molecularly-imprinted microspheres for selective extraction and determination of melamine in milk and feed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [J]. Journal of Chromatography B, 2010,878: 2333-2338.
[30] Petra Lutter, Marie-Claude Savoy-Perroud, Esther Campos-Gimenez, et al. Screening and confirmatory methods for the determination of melamine in cow’s milk and milk-based powdered infant formula: Validation and proficiency-tests of ELISA, HPLC-UV, GC-MS and LC-MS/MS [J]. Food Control, 2011, 22: 903-913.
[31] Wenchi Wu, I-Lin Tsai, Shaowen Sun, et al. Using sweeping-micellar electrokinetic chromatography to determine melamine in food [J]. Food Chemistry, 2011, Accepted Manuscript, doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.12.134.
[32] Jinyan Wang, Lianmei Jiang, Qingcui Chu, et al. Residue Analysis of Melamine in Milk Products by Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography with Amperometric Detection, Food Chemistry, 2009, Accepted Manuscript, doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.11.074.
[33] I-Lin Tsai, Shao-Wen Sun, Hsiao-Wei Liao, et al. Rapid analysis of melamine in infant formula by sweeping-micellar electrokinetic chromatography [J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2009, 1216: 8296-8303.
[34] Christian W. Klampfl, Liisa Andersen, Manuela Haunschmidt, et al. Analysis of melamine in milk powder by CZE using UV detection and hyphenation with ESI quadrupole/TOF MS detection [J]. Electrophoresis, 2009, 30: 1-4.
[35] Na Yan, Lei Zhou, Zaifang Zhu, et al. Determination of Melamine in Dairy Products, Fish Feed, and Fish by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis with Diode Array Detection [J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2009, 57(3): 807-811.
[36] Chun Zhai, Wei Qiang, Jin Sheng, et al. Pretreatment-free fast ultraviolet detection of melamine in milk products with a disposable microfluidic device [J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2010, 1217: 785-789.
[37] Jingen Xia, Naiyuan Zhou, Yujun Liu, et al. Simultaneous determination of melamine and related compounds by capillary zone electrophoresis [J]. Food Control 2010, 21: 912-918.
[38] Byungchul Kim, Lewis B. Perkins, Rodney J. Bushway, et al. Determination ofmelamine in pet food by enzyme immunoassay, high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection, and ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry [J]. Journal of AOAC International, 2008, 91(2): 408-413.
[39]郑华飞.三聚氰胺的性能及检测方法[J].科技创新导报, 2009, 2: 22-23.
[40] Jinghua Yu, Congcong Zhang, Ping Dai, et al. Highly selective molecular recognition and high throughput detection of melamine based on molecularly imprinted sol-gel film [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2009, 651: 209-214.
[41] Jingjing Zhang, Min Wu, Donghua Chen, et al. Ultrasensitive determination of melamine in milk products and biological fluids by luminol-hydrogen peroxide chemiluminescence [J]. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis (2010), Accepted Manuscript, doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2010.09.021.
[42] T. Serdiuk, V.A. Skryshevsky, M. Phaner-Goutorbe, et al. Monitoring of melamine contamination in fat watery milk by the photoluminescence analysis [J]. Talanta, 2010, 82: 1543-1547.
[43] Zhiyong Guo, Panpan Gai, Tingting Hao, et al. Determination of melamine in dairy products by an electrochemiluminescent method combined with solid-phase extraction [J]. Talanta, 2011, 83: 1736-1741.
[44] Yan Cheng, Yiyang Dong, Jinghang Wu, et al. Screening melamine adulterant in milk powder with laser Raman spectrometry [J]. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2010, 23: 199-202.
[45] M. Lin, L. He, J. Awika, et al. Detection of Melamine in Gluten, Chicken Feed, and Processed Foods Using Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and HPLC [J]. Journal of Food Science, 2008, 73(8): 129-134.
[46] Jamil Rima, Maurice Abourida, Ting Xu, et al. New spectrophotometric method for the quantitative determination of melamine using Mannich reaction [J]. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 2009, 22: 689-693.
[47] Yan Cheng, Yiyang Dong. Screening melamine contaminant in eggs with portable surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy based on gold nanosubstrate[J]. Food Control, 2011, 22: 685-689.
[48] Qian Cao, Hong Zhao, Lixi Zeng, et al. Electrochemical determination of melamine using oligonucleotides modified gold electrodes [J]. Talanta, 2009, 80: 484-488.
[49] Rongning Liang, Ruiming Zhang, Wei Qin. Potentiometric sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer for determination of melamine in milk [J]. Sensors and Actuators B, 2009, 141: 544-550.
[50] Qian Cao, Hong Zhao, Yujian Hea, et al. Electrochemical sensing of melamine with 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid as recognition element [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2010, 675: 24-28.
[51] Yunyou Zhou, JuanYang, Min Liu, et al. A novel fluorometric determination of melamine using cucurbit[7]uril [J]. Journal of Luminescence, 2010, 130: 817-820.
[52] Agnieszka Pietrzyk, Wlodzimierz Kutner, Raghu Chitta, et al. Melamine Acoustic Chemosensor Based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Film [J]. Anal. Chem. 2009, 81: 10061-10070.
[53] NY/T1372-2007.中华人民共和国农业部行业标准[S].
[54] GB/T 22388-2008.中华人民共和国国家标准.原料乳与乳制品中三聚氰胺检测方法[S].
[55] Abbas Afkhami, & Lida Khalafi. Spectrophotometric investigation of the effect ofβ-cyclodextrin on the intramolecular cyclization reaction of catecholamines using rank annihilation factor analysis [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2007, 599: 241-248.
[56] Lin An, Jian Deng, Liang Zhou, et al. Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of trace amount of malachite green and crystal violet in water after cloud point extraction using partial least squares regression [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010, 175: 883-888.
[57] Ali Niazi, Ateesa Yazdanipour. Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of cobalt, copper and nickel using 1-(2-thiazolylazo)-2-naphthol by chemometrics methods [J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2008, 19: 860-864.
[58] Jintao Yuan, Lifu Liao, Yingwu Lin, et al. Determination of Sudan I in chillipowder from solvent components gradual change-visible spectra data using second order calibration algorithms [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2008, 607: 160-167.
[59] Bahram Hemmateenejad, Abdolkarim Abbaspour, Homeyra Maghami, et al. Spectrophotometric determination of acidity constants by two-rank annihilation factor analysis [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2008, 607: 142-152.
[60] Ali Niazi, Javad Zolgharnein, Mohammad Reza Davoodabadi. Spectrophotometric determination of acidity constant of some indicators in various micellar media solutions by rank annihilation factor analysis [J]. Spectrochimica Acta Part A, 2008, 70: 343-349.
[61] Lifu Liao, Jing Yang, Jintao Yuan. Process monitored spectrophotometric titration coupled with chemometrics for simultaneous determination of mixtures of weak acids [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2007, 591: 123-131.
[62] Mohsen Kompany-Zareh, Mahdi Vasighi. Analysis of solvents mixtures employing rank annihilation factor analysis on near infrared spectral data from sequential addition of analyte [J]. Fuel Processing Technology, 2009, Article in Press, doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.08.015.
[63] Zhongliang Zhu, Jun Xia, Jiang Zhang, et al. Determination of rate constants from two-way kinetic-spectral data by using rank annihilation factor analysis [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2002, 454: 21-30.
[64] Enric Comas, Joan Ferré, F. Xavier Rius. Graphical criterion for assessing trilinearity and selecting the optimal number of factors in the generalized rank annihilation method using liquid chromatography–diode array detection data [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta 2004, 515: 23-30.
[65] H. Abdollahi, A. Safavi, S. Zeinali. Model-based rank annihilation factor analysis for quantitative analysis of mixtures of monoprotic acids using multivariate spectrophotometric acid-base titrations [J]. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 2008, 94: 112-117.
[66] Hamid Abdollahi, Fariba Nazari. Rank annihilation factor analysis for spectrophotometric study of complex formation equilibria [J]. Analytica ChimicaActa 2003, 486: 109-123.
[67] Morteza Bahram, Mehdi Mabhooti. Rank annihilation factor analysis using mean centering of ratio spectra for kinetic-spectrophotometric analysis of unknown samples [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2009, 639: 19-28.
[68] Zhongliang Zhu, Wei Li, Jun Xia. Simultaneous determination of reaction order and rate constant by rank annihilation factor analysis from kinetic-spectral data [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2004, 527: 203-210.
[69] Abbas Afkhami, Lida Khalafi. Spectrophotometric determination of conditional acidity constant as a function ofβ-cyclodextrin concentration for some organic acids using rank annihilation factor analysis [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2006, 569: 267-274.
[70] C. N. Ho, G. D. Christian, E. R. Davidson. Application of the Method of Rank Annihilation to Quantitative Analyses of Multicomponent Fluorescence Data from the Video Fluorometer [J]. Analytical Chemistry, 1978, 50 (8): 1108-1113.
[71] Patricia W.S. Chu, Kimmy M. Chan, Samuel T.C. Cheung, et al. Review of analytical techniques used in proficiency-testing programs for melamine in animal feed and milk [J]. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2010, 29 (9): 1014-1026.
[72] Fengxia Sun, Wei Ma, Liguang Xu, et al. Analytical methods and recent developments in the detection of melamine [J]. Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2010, Article in Press, doi:10.1016/j.trac.2010.06.011.
[73] Elodie Pardieu, Helene Cheap, Christophe Vedrine, et al. Molecularly imprinted conducting polymer based electrochemical sensor for detection of atrazine [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2009, 649: 236-245.
[74] Jianping Li, Jun Zhao, Xiaoping Wei. A sensitive and selective sensor for dopamine determination based on a molecularly imprinted electropolymer of o-aminophenol [J]. Sensors and Actuators B, 2009, 140: 663–669.
[75] Tatiana L. Panasyuk, Vladimir M. Mirsky, Sergey A. Piletsky, et al. Electropolymerized Molecularly Imprinted Polymers as Receptor Layers in Capacitive Chemical Sensors [J]. Anal. Chem., 1999, 71: 4609-4613.
[76] Haiping Liao, Zhaohui Zhang, Hui Li, et al. Preparation of the molecularly imprinted polymers based capacitive sensor specific for tegafur and its characterization by electrochemical impedance and piezoelectric quartz crystal microbalance [J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2004, 49: 4101-4107.
[77] Jin Zhang, Yaqiong Wang, Ruihong Lv, et al. Electrochemical tolazoline sensor based on gold nanoparticles and imprinted poly-o-aminothiophenol film [J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2010, 55: 4039-4044.
[78] Ali Aghaeia, Mohammad Reza Milani Hosseinia, Mostafa Najafi. A novel capacitive biosensor for cholesterol assay that uses an electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polymer [J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2010, 55: 1503-1508.
[79] Ji-Lai Gong, Fu-Chun Gong, Ge-Ming Zeng, et al. A novel electrosynthesized polymer applied to molecular imprinting technology [J]. Talanta, 2003, 61: 447-453.
[80] Benilda S. Ebarvia, Sharlene Cabanilla, Fortunato Sevilla III. Biomimetic properties and surface studies of a piezoelectric caffeine sensor based on electrosynthesized polypyrrole [J]. Talanta, 2005, 66: 145-152.
[81] Hui-Jing Liang, Tzong-Rong Ling, John F. Rick, et al. Molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor able to enantroselectivly recognize d and l-tyrosine [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2005, 542: 83-89.
[82] D.R. Albano, F. Sevilla III. Piezoelectric quartz crystal sensor for surfactant based on molecularly imprinted polypyrrole [J]. Sensors and Actuators B, 2007, 121, 129-134.
[83] Levent ?zcan, Yücel ?ahin. Determination of paracetamol based on electropolymerized-molecularly imprinted polypyrrole modified pencil graphite electrode [J]. Sensors and Actuators B, 2007, 127: 362-369.
[84] Vitali Syritski, Jekaterina Reut, Anna Menaker, et al. Electrosynthesized molecularly imprinted polypyrrole films for enantioselective recognition of l-aspartic acid [J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2008, 53: 2729-2736.
[85] Sabriye Per?in ?zkorucuklu, Yücel ?ahin, Güleren Alsancak. Voltammetric Behaviour of Sulfamethoxazole on Electropolymerized Molecularly ImprintedOveroxidized Polypyrrole [J]. Sensors, 2008, 8: 8463-8478.
[86] Alberto Gómez-Caballero, Ana Ugarte, Alicia Sánchez-Ortega, et al. Molecularly imprinted poly[tetra(o-aminophenyl)porphyrin] as a stable and selective coating for the development of voltammetric sensors [J]. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2010, 638: 246-253.
[87] Elisabetta Mazzotta, Cosimino Malitesta. Electrochemical detection of the toxic organohalide 2,4-DB using a Co-porphyrin based electrosynthesized molecularly imprinted polymer [J]. Sensors and Actuators B, 2010, 148: 186-194.
[88] Liang Feng, Yongjun Liu, Yiyong Tan, et al. Biosensor for the determination of sorbitol based on molecularly imprinted electrosynthesized polymers [J]. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2004, 19: 1513-1519.
[89] Hui Peng, Chengdu Liang, Anhong Zhou, et al. Development of a new atropine sulfate bulk acoustic wave sensor based on a molecularly imprinted electrosynthesized copolymer of aniline with o-phenylenediamine [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2000, 423: 221-228.
[90] Alberto Gómez-Caballero, M. Aranzazu Goicolea, Ramón J. Barrio. Paracetamol voltammetric microsensors based on electrocopolymerized molecularly imprinted film modified carbon fiber microelectrodes [J]. Analyst, 2005, 130: 1012-1018.
[91] Zhiliang Cheng, Erkang Wang, Xiurong Yang. Capacitive detection of glucose using molecularly imprinted polymers [J]. Biosensors & Bioelectronics, 2001, 16: 179-185.
[92] Ying Liu, Qi-Jun Song, Li Wang. Development and characterization of an amperometric sensor for triclosan detection based on electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polymer [J]. Microchemical Journal, 2009, 91: 222-226.
[93] Alberto Gómez-Caballero, Nora Unceta, M. Aranzazu Goicolea, et al. Evaluation of the selective detection of 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol by a molecularly imprinted polymer based microsensor electrosynthesized in a semiorganic media [J]. Sensors and Actuators B, 2008, 130: 713-722.
[94] Fang Xu, Mengnan Gao, Guoyue Shi, et al. Simultaneous detection ofmonoamines in rat striatal microdialysate at poly(para-aminobenzoic acid) modified electrode by high-performance liquid chromatography [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2001, 439: 239-246.
[95] Yuzhong Zhang, Jie Wang, Minglu Xu. A sensitive DNA biosensor fabricated with gold nanoparticles/ploy (p-aminobenzoic acid)/carbon nanotubes modified electrode [J]. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 2010, 75: 179-185.
[96] Ke-Jing Huang, Chun-Xuan Xu, Wan-Zhen Xie, et al. Electrochemical behavior and voltammetric determination of tryptophan based on 4-aminobenzoic acid polymer film modified glassy carbon electrode [J]. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 2009, 74: 167-171.
[97] Jinyou Ye, Jianyun Liu, Zhiquan Zhang, et al. Investigation of the model compounds at 4-aminobenzoic acid modified glassy carbon electrode by scanning electrochemical microscopy [J]. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2001, 508: 123-128.
[98] Fang Xu, Mengnan Gao, Lin Wang, et al. Sensitive determination of dopamine on poly(aminobenzoic acid) modified electrode and the application toward an experimental Parkinsonian animal model [J]. Talanta, 2001, 55: 329-336.
[99] A. Benyoucef, F. Huerta, J.L. Vázquez, et al. Synthesis and in situ FTIRS characterization of conducting polymers obtained from aminobenzoic acid isomers at platinum electrodes [J]. European Polymer Journal, 2005, 41: 843-852.
[100] Li Li, Daofeng Sun, Zhengping Wang, et al. Synthesis, characterization and NLO properties of a new 3D coordination polymer assembled from p-aminobenzoic acid [J]. Solid State Sciences, 2009, 11: 1040-1043.
[101] Arndt Ellwanger, Christine Berggren, Sami Bayoudh, et al. Evaluation of methods aimed at complete removal of template from molecularly imprinted polymers [J]. Analyst, 2001, 126: 784-792.
[102] Wei Song, Yu Chen, Juan Xu, et al. A selective voltammetric detection for dopamine using poly(gallic acid) film modified electrode [J]. Chinese Chemical Letters, 2010, 21: 349-352.