LFMCW雷达回波模拟与恒虚警算法研究
摘要
线性调频连续波雷达具有无距离盲区、高距离分辨率、低发射功率等方面的优点,近年来受到广泛关注,其理论、关键技术和应用得到迅速发展。
本文针对线性调频连续波雷达,围绕强杂波背景下慢速目标检测问题,重点做了下面几个方面的研究：
1、针对对称三角线性调频连续波雷达,开展了地面目标雷达回波信号模拟和电路产生技术研究,用于雷达信号处理器调试、测试和后续恒虚警检测技术的研究、验证。完成了回波信号模拟器的软、硬件设计和调试。
2、提出了一种改进的恒虚警处理算法(VITM-CFAR),该算法将削减平均(TrimmedMean)处理技术引入基于变化性指数的智能恒虚警算法VI-CFAR,不仅在均匀环境中具有很好的检测性能,同时在杂波边缘环境和多目标环境下,也具有很好的鲁棒性。在matlab软件环境下,完成改进算法的编程和调试。然后在均匀环境,多目标环境下对几种恒虚警的算法仿真、比较,验证了改进后算法的良好检测性能。
3、结合雷达信号相关积累、动目标检测处理和杂波恒虚警,完成了强杂波背景下多个慢速运动目标检测的雷达信号处理算法研究。用matlab仿真数据和雷达外场测试数据对算法进行了性能测试,验证了算法的正确性。
Linear Frequency Modulation Continous Wave (LFMCW) radar is paid more and more attention recently, because of the advantages of no range blind area, high range resolution and low signal power. The theories, key technologies and application are developed rapidly.
In this thesis, focused on the LFMCW radars, target detection technique for slowly moving target in strong clutter background is studied. The main research work includes:
1. Radar echo signals of ground target and clutter for LFMCW radar are modeled, simulated and verified. Hardware and software design, manufacture and debugging of a echo signal generator for LFMCW radar are accomplished to generate the simulated echo signals. These simulated echo signals can be used for radar singal processor debugging and testing as well as the test of constant false alarm rate (CFAR) processor.
2. An improved CFAR algorithm called VITM-CFAR is proposed. Trimmed mean (TM) technique is adopted in variability index constant false alarm rate (VI-CFAR) method. The performance of detection and robustness especially in cluster verge and multiple targets environment are improved. The performance evaluation of proposed VITM-CFAR algorithm is accomplished. Simulation results verify the correction and effectiveness after compared with CA-CFAR, GO-CFAR and SO-CFAR methods.
3. Combined with coherence processing, movement target detection(MTD) and CFAR, detection processing for slowly moving target in strong clutter background is finished. The signal processing software is programmed, deguged and tested by simulation data and experimental data. Simulation and experimental results show the correctness of the software.
本文针对线性调频连续波雷达,围绕强杂波背景下慢速目标检测问题,重点做了下面几个方面的研究：
1、针对对称三角线性调频连续波雷达,开展了地面目标雷达回波信号模拟和电路产生技术研究,用于雷达信号处理器调试、测试和后续恒虚警检测技术的研究、验证。完成了回波信号模拟器的软、硬件设计和调试。
2、提出了一种改进的恒虚警处理算法(VITM-CFAR),该算法将削减平均(TrimmedMean)处理技术引入基于变化性指数的智能恒虚警算法VI-CFAR,不仅在均匀环境中具有很好的检测性能,同时在杂波边缘环境和多目标环境下,也具有很好的鲁棒性。在matlab软件环境下,完成改进算法的编程和调试。然后在均匀环境,多目标环境下对几种恒虚警的算法仿真、比较,验证了改进后算法的良好检测性能。
3、结合雷达信号相关积累、动目标检测处理和杂波恒虚警,完成了强杂波背景下多个慢速运动目标检测的雷达信号处理算法研究。用matlab仿真数据和雷达外场测试数据对算法进行了性能测试,验证了算法的正确性。
Linear Frequency Modulation Continous Wave (LFMCW) radar is paid more and more attention recently, because of the advantages of no range blind area, high range resolution and low signal power. The theories, key technologies and application are developed rapidly.
In this thesis, focused on the LFMCW radars, target detection technique for slowly moving target in strong clutter background is studied. The main research work includes:
1. Radar echo signals of ground target and clutter for LFMCW radar are modeled, simulated and verified. Hardware and software design, manufacture and debugging of a echo signal generator for LFMCW radar are accomplished to generate the simulated echo signals. These simulated echo signals can be used for radar singal processor debugging and testing as well as the test of constant false alarm rate (CFAR) processor.
2. An improved CFAR algorithm called VITM-CFAR is proposed. Trimmed mean (TM) technique is adopted in variability index constant false alarm rate (VI-CFAR) method. The performance of detection and robustness especially in cluster verge and multiple targets environment are improved. The performance evaluation of proposed VITM-CFAR algorithm is accomplished. Simulation results verify the correction and effectiveness after compared with CA-CFAR, GO-CFAR and SO-CFAR methods.
3. Combined with coherence processing, movement target detection(MTD) and CFAR, detection processing for slowly moving target in strong clutter background is finished. The signal processing software is programmed, deguged and tested by simulation data and experimental data. Simulation and experimental results show the correctness of the software.
引文
[1]于伟华,孙厚军,徐晓文.强地杂波下静止慢速目标检测技术研究.测控技术无线电工程.2005,35(7)：29～32
[2]A.G. Stove. Linear FMCW radar technique. IEE Proc.-F:Radar and Signal Processing, 1992,139(5):343-340.
[3]李真芳,保铮等.基于实测数据的地面慢速动目标检测.电子学报.2003,33(9)：1437～1440
[4]何友,关键,彭应宁等.雷达自动检测与恒虚警处理.北京：清华大学出版社,1999
[5]杨万海.雷达系统建模与仿真.西安电子科技大学出版社,2006
[6]吴顺君,梅晓春等.雷达信号处理和数据处理技术.北京：电子工业出版社,2008
[7]颜南霞,卢岭,许稼等.基于无记忆非线性变换的相关非高斯雷达杂波的仿真.武汉理工大学学报.2001,25(1)：37～40
[8]Yang Jianyu, Ling Taibing, He jun. MTD and Range-Velocity Decouping of LFMCW Radar. Journal of Electronic & Information Technique.vol.26No.2, pp.169-173, February 2004.
[9]胡小川,田增山,汪学刚等.一种新的机载相控阵雷达杂波模拟和实现.电波科学学报.2001,12(3)：32～37
[10]KashifSiddi. Performance of the VI-CFAR in Homogeneous Weibull Background. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace anf Electronic Systems.2006,309-313
[11]Wu Shunjun, Mei Xiaochun. Radar Signal Processing and Data Processing Technique Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2008.
[12]Xiao Han, Yang Jianyu, Xiong Jintao. Method combining MTD with velocity pairing for LFMCW radar. Chinese of Journal of Radio Science. Vol.20 No.6, December 2005.
[13]Griffiths H. D. New ideas in FM radar. Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal, October,1990:185-194.
[14]卢剑奇.雷达回波信号建模与仿真研究.信号工程大学硕士学位论文,2006
[15]路成军.雷达回波信号建模与信号模拟器设计.南京理工大学硕士学位论文,2009
[16]吴旖.雷达信号恒虚警检测处理研究.南京理工大学硕士学位论文,2009
[17]吴礼.近程毫米波LFMCW雷达多目标信号分析与处理方法研究.南京理工大学博士学位论文,2008
[18]G.de Miguel Vela, J.R.Casar Corredera. Double-Parameter CFAR Detector for Weibull Clutter. IEEE International Radar Conference,1995
[19]王卫华,何艳,陈国强,陈曾平.基于FPGA的DDS在雷达多普勒回波模拟中的 应用.现代雷达,2004,12(26)：63～68
[20]田黎育,曹涛,龙腾. 一种脉冲多普勒雷达信号模拟器的研究.北京理工大学学报,2000,6(20)：752～756
[21]向道朴,黎向阳,孟宪海. 一种通用雷达回波模拟器的设计与实现. 现代雷达,2007,10(29)：84～86
[22]赵巨波,万建伟,王永杰,张曦.海面雷达杂波建模技术研究.现代防御技术,2007,35(3)：86～89
[23]Hansen V G. Constant False Alarm rate processing in search radars. IEEE International Radar Conference. London,1973:325-332
[24]郝程鹏,候朝换等.一种改进的鲁棒恒虚警检测器.弹箭与制导学报,2006,26(4)：394～397
[25]王红岗,黄晓涛,金添等.UWB SAR非均匀区域目标检测方法.现代雷达,2005,27(7)： 36～39
[26]郝程鹏,候朝换,王维建.基于改进的VI-CFAR算法的分布式CFAR检测.系统仿真学报.2,2007,19(4)：830～834
[27]杨建宇,凌太兵等.LFMCW雷达运动目标检测与速度距离去耦合.电子信息学报.2,2004,26(2)：169～173
[28]石星,戴庆芬,李乐民等.几种典型自适应杂波抑制算法的分析.信号处理学报.3,1993,12(1)：77～81
[29]王波,李万玉等.基于ZMNL法的相关韦布尔分布杂波仿真.火控雷达技术.3,2008,37(1)：63～67
[30]王海滨,许馨元,刘宝华等.基于SIRP法的机载脉冲雷达杂波仿真.舰船电子对抗.2,2009,32(1)：85～89
[31]W.J.Szajnowski. The Generation of Correlated Weibull Clutter for Signal Detection Problems. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace anf Electronic Systems.2,2000,13(5): 536-542
[32]L.James.Marier, Jr. Correlated K-Distributed Clutter Generation for Radar Detection and Track. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace anf Electronic Systems. On AES,2,1995,31(2): 565-570
[33]杜川华,龚耀寰等.LFMCW雷达的距离和多普勒处理.电子科技大学学报.2,2004,33(1)： 33～37
[34]贺峻.LFMCW雷达动目标回波距离-速度去耦合方法研究.成都：电子科技大学硕士论文.电子工程学院,2000
[35]胡可欣,胡爱明等.雷达杂波环境恒虚警率处理的实现.舰船电子对抗.4,2005, 29(2):4-7
[36]Bao Zheng, et al. The Performance Improvement of the Zero-Velocity Filter in MTD Radar. France Proceedings of Radar 1984
[37]Finn H M, Johnson R S. Adaptive Detection Model with Threshold Control as Function of Spatially Sampled Clutter-level Estimation. RCA Rev.1968,30(9):414-464
[38]戴庆芬,罗巧云.机载战场侦察MTD雷达运动补偿技术评述.电讯技术学报.4,1995,35(2)：49～54
[39]王明宇,袁汉雄等.多目标环境下的雷达CFAR检测.空军工程大学学报(自然科学版).12,2000,1(5)：58～62
[40]Michael E.Smith, Pramod K. Varshney. Intelligent CFAR Processor Based on Data Variability. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. Vol.36, No.3,July 2000.
[41]杜雨洺.近程小扇区LFMCW雷达信号处理研究.电子科技大学博士学位论文,2006
[2]A.G. Stove. Linear FMCW radar technique. IEE Proc.-F:Radar and Signal Processing, 1992,139(5):343-340.
[3]李真芳,保铮等.基于实测数据的地面慢速动目标检测.电子学报.2003,33(9)：1437～1440
[4]何友,关键,彭应宁等.雷达自动检测与恒虚警处理.北京：清华大学出版社,1999
[5]杨万海.雷达系统建模与仿真.西安电子科技大学出版社,2006
[6]吴顺君,梅晓春等.雷达信号处理和数据处理技术.北京：电子工业出版社,2008
[7]颜南霞,卢岭,许稼等.基于无记忆非线性变换的相关非高斯雷达杂波的仿真.武汉理工大学学报.2001,25(1)：37～40
[8]Yang Jianyu, Ling Taibing, He jun. MTD and Range-Velocity Decouping of LFMCW Radar. Journal of Electronic & Information Technique.vol.26No.2, pp.169-173, February 2004.
[9]胡小川,田增山,汪学刚等.一种新的机载相控阵雷达杂波模拟和实现.电波科学学报.2001,12(3)：32～37
[10]KashifSiddi. Performance of the VI-CFAR in Homogeneous Weibull Background. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace anf Electronic Systems.2006,309-313
[11]Wu Shunjun, Mei Xiaochun. Radar Signal Processing and Data Processing Technique Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2008.
[12]Xiao Han, Yang Jianyu, Xiong Jintao. Method combining MTD with velocity pairing for LFMCW radar. Chinese of Journal of Radio Science. Vol.20 No.6, December 2005.
[13]Griffiths H. D. New ideas in FM radar. Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal, October,1990:185-194.
[14]卢剑奇.雷达回波信号建模与仿真研究.信号工程大学硕士学位论文,2006
[15]路成军.雷达回波信号建模与信号模拟器设计.南京理工大学硕士学位论文,2009
[16]吴旖.雷达信号恒虚警检测处理研究.南京理工大学硕士学位论文,2009
[17]吴礼.近程毫米波LFMCW雷达多目标信号分析与处理方法研究.南京理工大学博士学位论文,2008
[18]G.de Miguel Vela, J.R.Casar Corredera. Double-Parameter CFAR Detector for Weibull Clutter. IEEE International Radar Conference,1995
[19]王卫华,何艳,陈国强,陈曾平.基于FPGA的DDS在雷达多普勒回波模拟中的 应用.现代雷达,2004,12(26)：63～68
[20]田黎育,曹涛,龙腾. 一种脉冲多普勒雷达信号模拟器的研究.北京理工大学学报,2000,6(20)：752～756
[21]向道朴,黎向阳,孟宪海. 一种通用雷达回波模拟器的设计与实现. 现代雷达,2007,10(29)：84～86
[22]赵巨波,万建伟,王永杰,张曦.海面雷达杂波建模技术研究.现代防御技术,2007,35(3)：86～89
[23]Hansen V G. Constant False Alarm rate processing in search radars. IEEE International Radar Conference. London,1973:325-332
[24]郝程鹏,候朝换等.一种改进的鲁棒恒虚警检测器.弹箭与制导学报,2006,26(4)：394～397
[25]王红岗,黄晓涛,金添等.UWB SAR非均匀区域目标检测方法.现代雷达,2005,27(7)： 36～39
[26]郝程鹏,候朝换,王维建.基于改进的VI-CFAR算法的分布式CFAR检测.系统仿真学报.2,2007,19(4)：830～834
[27]杨建宇,凌太兵等.LFMCW雷达运动目标检测与速度距离去耦合.电子信息学报.2,2004,26(2)：169～173
[28]石星,戴庆芬,李乐民等.几种典型自适应杂波抑制算法的分析.信号处理学报.3,1993,12(1)：77～81
[29]王波,李万玉等.基于ZMNL法的相关韦布尔分布杂波仿真.火控雷达技术.3,2008,37(1)：63～67
[30]王海滨,许馨元,刘宝华等.基于SIRP法的机载脉冲雷达杂波仿真.舰船电子对抗.2,2009,32(1)：85～89
[31]W.J.Szajnowski. The Generation of Correlated Weibull Clutter for Signal Detection Problems. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace anf Electronic Systems.2,2000,13(5): 536-542
[32]L.James.Marier, Jr. Correlated K-Distributed Clutter Generation for Radar Detection and Track. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace anf Electronic Systems. On AES,2,1995,31(2): 565-570
[33]杜川华,龚耀寰等.LFMCW雷达的距离和多普勒处理.电子科技大学学报.2,2004,33(1)： 33～37
[34]贺峻.LFMCW雷达动目标回波距离-速度去耦合方法研究.成都：电子科技大学硕士论文.电子工程学院,2000
[35]胡可欣,胡爱明等.雷达杂波环境恒虚警率处理的实现.舰船电子对抗.4,2005, 29(2):4-7
[36]Bao Zheng, et al. The Performance Improvement of the Zero-Velocity Filter in MTD Radar. France Proceedings of Radar 1984
[37]Finn H M, Johnson R S. Adaptive Detection Model with Threshold Control as Function of Spatially Sampled Clutter-level Estimation. RCA Rev.1968,30(9):414-464
[38]戴庆芬,罗巧云.机载战场侦察MTD雷达运动补偿技术评述.电讯技术学报.4,1995,35(2)：49～54
[39]王明宇,袁汉雄等.多目标环境下的雷达CFAR检测.空军工程大学学报(自然科学版).12,2000,1(5)：58～62
[40]Michael E.Smith, Pramod K. Varshney. Intelligent CFAR Processor Based on Data Variability. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. Vol.36, No.3,July 2000.
[41]杜雨洺.近程小扇区LFMCW雷达信号处理研究.电子科技大学博士学位论文,2006