大型综合医院知识员工EAP探索
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摘要
员工援助计划(Employee Assistance Programs,简称EAP),目前尚未形成统一的定义,但综合相关文献,是指组织为达成既定的目标,从社会、心理、经济、健康和法律等方面,对员工及其家庭存在的问题进行咨询和指导,从而改善组织氛围,激励员工的一系列长期项目。
我国大型综合医院是知识员工密集型组织。在目前医院采取的物质激励手段作用弱化的情况下,医院管理者正在寻求差异化、多样化的精神激励手段。加之,大型综合医院本身拥有高素质的心理咨询专家,使大型综合医院拥有实施EAP的良好条件。因此,在大型综合医院实施以精神激励为主、适当结合物质激励的EAP是医院差异化、人性化激励的新方向。
本研究通过调查重庆大型综合医院临床医生工作负荷、职业厌倦、职业危害及其防护、保健投资和身心健康现状,结合文献归纳,分析相关影响因素,旨在了解临床医生在以上方面可能存在的EAP需求,找出目标人群,为制订有针对性的医院EAP实施措施提供理论依据。
采用工作能力指数量表、自编的大型综合医院临床医生EAP需求调查问卷,通过分层整群随机抽样,抽取重庆市6个三级甲等综合医院的临床医生共353人进行调查。同时结合文献查阅法进行研究。
研究结果显示,大多数临床医生(尤其是内科医生、主治医师)工作负荷重;大多数医生有职业厌倦情绪;医院和医生对传统职业危害因素防护较好,对医院暴力防护不得力;医生对社会各界的理解支持需求较高;医生的自我保健意识较薄弱,医院闲暇管理意识淡化;76.20%的医生有身心疾病,医院暴力对医生患身心疾病数影响较大。
因此,建议在大型综合医院实施差异化、多样化的个人、组织、政府三位一体的立体EAP,以激励临床医生达成医院目标,提高组织承诺感。
Employee Assistance Programs (EAP), has not yet form a unified definition. But through the review of the relative literatures, it refers to a series of long-term projects to improve the organization atmosphere and motivate the staff, that the organization carries on advice and guidance to the issue of the staff and their families from the social, psychological, economic, health and legal services in order to reach the established goal.
Large-scale polyclinic hospital in our country is the intensive organization of knowledge employee. At present,the material incentive that the hospitals adopt weakens ,so hospital administrators are seeking for the variation, the diverse means of the spiritual motivation. In addition, large-scale polyclinic hospitals have high-quality psychology experts which make them have good conditions for the implementation of EAP. Therefore, to implement the spirit -based incentive with appropriate material motivation of EAP in large-scale polyclinic hospital is a new direction for hospital differentiation and human incentive.
By the survey of clinicians’work load, tiredness of career, occupational hazards and protection, health investment and physical and mental health status in Chongqing large-scale polyclinic hospitals, with the review of the relative literatures and analysis of relevant factors, the research was to understand the needs for EAP of clinicians in the above aspects and to identify the target population, as well as to provide a theoretical basis for the development of targeted hospitals to implement EAP .
By the method of working ability index scale, self-made EAP demand questionnaire from large-scale polyclinic hospital clinicians, and stratified randomized cluster sampling, the author extracts 353 clinicians in 6 class 3 first level polyclinic hospitals of Chongqing for the investigation. Simultaneously, conduct the research with literature review.
The results showed that the majority of clinicians (attending doctor and physicians in particular) have heavy workload; most clinicians have emotions of tiredness of career; hospitals and doctors have better protection for traditional occupational hazards but worse protection for hospital workplace violence; clinicians have high demand on the understanding and support from the society; clinicians are in a weak sense of self-care;hospital leisure management awareness is desalinated; 76.20 percent of clinicians have physical and mental illness, hospital workplace violence has greater impact on the suffering of physical and mental diseases of clinicians.
Therefore, the author recommended that we should implement three-dimensional stereoscopic EAP of varied and diversed individuals, organizationsand the govenment in large-scale polyclinic hospital to encourage clinicians to reach the hospital goals and enhance organizational commitment.
我国大型综合医院是知识员工密集型组织。在目前医院采取的物质激励手段作用弱化的情况下,医院管理者正在寻求差异化、多样化的精神激励手段。加之,大型综合医院本身拥有高素质的心理咨询专家,使大型综合医院拥有实施EAP的良好条件。因此,在大型综合医院实施以精神激励为主、适当结合物质激励的EAP是医院差异化、人性化激励的新方向。
本研究通过调查重庆大型综合医院临床医生工作负荷、职业厌倦、职业危害及其防护、保健投资和身心健康现状,结合文献归纳,分析相关影响因素,旨在了解临床医生在以上方面可能存在的EAP需求,找出目标人群,为制订有针对性的医院EAP实施措施提供理论依据。
采用工作能力指数量表、自编的大型综合医院临床医生EAP需求调查问卷,通过分层整群随机抽样,抽取重庆市6个三级甲等综合医院的临床医生共353人进行调查。同时结合文献查阅法进行研究。
研究结果显示,大多数临床医生(尤其是内科医生、主治医师)工作负荷重;大多数医生有职业厌倦情绪;医院和医生对传统职业危害因素防护较好,对医院暴力防护不得力;医生对社会各界的理解支持需求较高;医生的自我保健意识较薄弱,医院闲暇管理意识淡化;76.20%的医生有身心疾病,医院暴力对医生患身心疾病数影响较大。
因此,建议在大型综合医院实施差异化、多样化的个人、组织、政府三位一体的立体EAP,以激励临床医生达成医院目标,提高组织承诺感。
Employee Assistance Programs (EAP), has not yet form a unified definition. But through the review of the relative literatures, it refers to a series of long-term projects to improve the organization atmosphere and motivate the staff, that the organization carries on advice and guidance to the issue of the staff and their families from the social, psychological, economic, health and legal services in order to reach the established goal.
Large-scale polyclinic hospital in our country is the intensive organization of knowledge employee. At present,the material incentive that the hospitals adopt weakens ,so hospital administrators are seeking for the variation, the diverse means of the spiritual motivation. In addition, large-scale polyclinic hospitals have high-quality psychology experts which make them have good conditions for the implementation of EAP. Therefore, to implement the spirit -based incentive with appropriate material motivation of EAP in large-scale polyclinic hospital is a new direction for hospital differentiation and human incentive.
By the survey of clinicians’work load, tiredness of career, occupational hazards and protection, health investment and physical and mental health status in Chongqing large-scale polyclinic hospitals, with the review of the relative literatures and analysis of relevant factors, the research was to understand the needs for EAP of clinicians in the above aspects and to identify the target population, as well as to provide a theoretical basis for the development of targeted hospitals to implement EAP .
By the method of working ability index scale, self-made EAP demand questionnaire from large-scale polyclinic hospital clinicians, and stratified randomized cluster sampling, the author extracts 353 clinicians in 6 class 3 first level polyclinic hospitals of Chongqing for the investigation. Simultaneously, conduct the research with literature review.
The results showed that the majority of clinicians (attending doctor and physicians in particular) have heavy workload; most clinicians have emotions of tiredness of career; hospitals and doctors have better protection for traditional occupational hazards but worse protection for hospital workplace violence; clinicians have high demand on the understanding and support from the society; clinicians are in a weak sense of self-care;hospital leisure management awareness is desalinated; 76.20 percent of clinicians have physical and mental illness, hospital workplace violence has greater impact on the suffering of physical and mental diseases of clinicians.
Therefore, the author recommended that we should implement three-dimensional stereoscopic EAP of varied and diversed individuals, organizationsand the govenment in large-scale polyclinic hospital to encourage clinicians to reach the hospital goals and enhance organizational commitment.
引文
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