黄土边坡施工振动动力响应数值模拟研究
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摘要
郑西客运专线的开工建设,出现了大量的高路堑边坡,由于高速铁路对路基沉降的要求较高,需对路基进行沉降处理,目前多采用强夯法和灰土挤密桩法,出现了施工震源。
在郑西客运专线施工建设中,由于人工切削边坡及打桩机器共同作用,吕家崖隧道附近的高路堑边坡出现了大面积的滑塌,延误了工期,带来了经济损失甚至会引起人身伤亡。边坡在天然地震作用下的动力响应研究比较多而且获得了较满意的成果,而对于人工地震,特别打桩机震动对边坡的影响,研究甚少。施工振源对边坡的影响研究具有重要的现实意义。
在进行桩机作用下黄土边坡动力响应研究时,由于地形的复杂性及材料的非线性。不可能用解析方法进行求解,需要采用数值模拟的方法,数值模拟结果的正确性受模型尺寸大小,边界条件,网格尺寸、初始应力、材料参数、震源特性等多方面的影响。本文以郑西客运专线吕家崖隧道入口黄土边坡为背景,采用有限单元法进行数值模拟计算。分别模拟自由场和地形场两种地形条件下不同材料参数及几何参数以及不同震源类型时的动力响应。
在采用实际边坡尺寸、黄土材料参数及与实际震源具有相同主频的雷克子波作用下,经模拟研究,在第一二级坡顶角处均有放大现象,模拟结果与SWS面波仪现场实测数据对照,两者具有很好的一致性。
With the development of Chinese railway construction , Zhengzhou to Xi'an passenger career railway , there is a large number of high Slope, for the higher require of the high-speed railway subground , it is necessary to treat it ,now days it is more popular to use the methods of dynamic compaction and lime-soil compaction piles, occure Construction source.
In the artificial slope cutting and piling action, there is a large slump near the place Lv Jia Ya Tunnel, it cause the completion delay, economic losses even may brought personal injury and death. It has been studied and received more satisfied result in the field of dynamic response which caused by natural earthquakes ,but for artificial earthquake, especially the use of piling , it is little research using the piling . So the research on the vibrate to the slope is more practical significance.
It is impossible to use the Analytic Solution to solve the Loess Slope dynamic response caused by the Pile driver , because of the complex terrain and the nonlinear material. But the numerical simulation method can solve it . numerical simulation impacted by the model size, boundary conditions, mesh size, the initial stress, material parameters, the source characteristics, and so on .in my paper, the model is as same as Lvjiaya tunnel entrance loess slope, ZhengXi higher railway. Using finite element method for numerical simulation. And compare with the test data from SWS surface wave machine.
Using the real slope size loess parameters and Racker wave , the wave is as same as the frequency to the experiment, from the simulation study, we can see it has amplification phenomenon in the place of the slope peak , the simulation results is consist with the experiment data
在郑西客运专线施工建设中,由于人工切削边坡及打桩机器共同作用,吕家崖隧道附近的高路堑边坡出现了大面积的滑塌,延误了工期,带来了经济损失甚至会引起人身伤亡。边坡在天然地震作用下的动力响应研究比较多而且获得了较满意的成果,而对于人工地震,特别打桩机震动对边坡的影响,研究甚少。施工振源对边坡的影响研究具有重要的现实意义。
在进行桩机作用下黄土边坡动力响应研究时,由于地形的复杂性及材料的非线性。不可能用解析方法进行求解,需要采用数值模拟的方法,数值模拟结果的正确性受模型尺寸大小,边界条件,网格尺寸、初始应力、材料参数、震源特性等多方面的影响。本文以郑西客运专线吕家崖隧道入口黄土边坡为背景,采用有限单元法进行数值模拟计算。分别模拟自由场和地形场两种地形条件下不同材料参数及几何参数以及不同震源类型时的动力响应。
在采用实际边坡尺寸、黄土材料参数及与实际震源具有相同主频的雷克子波作用下,经模拟研究,在第一二级坡顶角处均有放大现象,模拟结果与SWS面波仪现场实测数据对照,两者具有很好的一致性。
With the development of Chinese railway construction , Zhengzhou to Xi'an passenger career railway , there is a large number of high Slope, for the higher require of the high-speed railway subground , it is necessary to treat it ,now days it is more popular to use the methods of dynamic compaction and lime-soil compaction piles, occure Construction source.
In the artificial slope cutting and piling action, there is a large slump near the place Lv Jia Ya Tunnel, it cause the completion delay, economic losses even may brought personal injury and death. It has been studied and received more satisfied result in the field of dynamic response which caused by natural earthquakes ,but for artificial earthquake, especially the use of piling , it is little research using the piling . So the research on the vibrate to the slope is more practical significance.
It is impossible to use the Analytic Solution to solve the Loess Slope dynamic response caused by the Pile driver , because of the complex terrain and the nonlinear material. But the numerical simulation method can solve it . numerical simulation impacted by the model size, boundary conditions, mesh size, the initial stress, material parameters, the source characteristics, and so on .in my paper, the model is as same as Lvjiaya tunnel entrance loess slope, ZhengXi higher railway. Using finite element method for numerical simulation. And compare with the test data from SWS surface wave machine.
Using the real slope size loess parameters and Racker wave , the wave is as same as the frequency to the experiment, from the simulation study, we can see it has amplification phenomenon in the place of the slope peak , the simulation results is consist with the experiment data
引文
[1]王兰民等.黄土动力学.北京:地震出版社,2003:1-429
[2]王勋成.有限单元法.北京:清华大学出版社,2006:1-586
[3]谢定义.土动力学.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1988:1-395
[4]王杰贤.动力地基与基础.北京:科学出版社,2001:41-70
[5]建筑抗震设计规范GB 50011-2001北京:中国建筑工业出版社 15-18
[6]兰景岩.土的动力学参数对场地设计反应谱的影响.中国地震局工程力学研究所.硕士学位论文,2006.6:1-63
[7]何樵登著.地震勘探原理和方法.地质出版社.1986
[8]姚姚.地震波场与地震勘探.地质出版社.2006.6:3-47
[9]刘洪兵、朱晞.地震中地形放大大的观测和研究进展.世界地震工程.,1999.9:15卷3期20-26
[10]杨书燕.特殊地形上结构非线性地震反应的研究.天津大学建筑工程学院土木工程系.硕士学位论文.41
[11]谢康和 周健.岩土工程有限元分析理论与应用.北京.科学出版社.2002 29-33.
[12]刘波 韩彦辉.FLAC原理、实例与应用指南.北京:人民交通出版社,2005.9.
[13]唐剑.露天深孔台阶爆破地震效应试验研究与数值模拟.西南交通大学.硕士学位论文.2006.3
[14]章文波 周雍年 谢礼立.场地放大效应的估计.地震工程与工程振动.第21卷第4期.2001.12.
[15]石玉成 王兰民 张颖.黄土场地覆盖层厚度和地形条件对地震动放大效应的影响.西北地震学报.第21卷第2期1996.6.
[16]丁德云 刘维宁 翟辉.地铁列车振动引发的地表低频(<10Hz)响应的研究道路与铁道工程.1106-1113.
[17]姜慧 高孟潭 俞言祥 赵翠萍.用数字地震资料确定软基岩场地放大和衰减的联合效应.地震学报.第26卷增刊2004.11(148-153).
[18]耿淑伟 陶夏新.地震动加速度反应谱竖向分量与水平分量的比值.地震工程与工程振动.第24卷第5期2004.10(33-38).
[19]姜慧.地震动随机模拟方法中的场地效应研究.中国地震局地球物理研究所.博士学位论文.
[20]史惠杰.强夯施试研究.中国海洋大学.硕士学位论文
[21]俞言祥.长周期地震动衰减关系研究.中国地震局地球物理研究所.2002.12博士学位论文.
[22]张栋梁.压实黄土动力特性试验研究.长安大学.硕士学位论文
[23]冯希杰 金学申.场地土对基岩峰值加速度放大效应分析.工程地质学报100429665/2001/09(04)2038520.
[24]黄雅虹.地震作用下黄土斜坡的稳定性分析预测 西北地震学报第 20卷 第3期1998.9 52-58.
[25]王永良.桩基施工对周围环境的影响.西部探矿工程.2004年3月第3期.总第94期.65-67
[26]舒大强 何蕴龙 董振华.岩质高边坡开挖爆破震动荷载及其对边坡稳定性影响的研究.工程爆破.第2卷第4期.1996.12.39-43
[27]D.ASSIMAKI.SOIL AND TOPOGRAPHIC AMPLIFICATION ON CANYON BANKS AND THE 1999 ATHENS EARTHQUAKE.Journal of Earthquake Engineering,Vol.8,No.1(2004)1-43
[28]George D.Bouckovala.Numerical evaluation of slope topography effects on seismic ground motion.Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 25(2005)547-558.
[29]陈仲候等.工程与环境物探教程.北京地质出版社.1993
[30]祁生文 伍法权 孙进忠 边坡动力响应规律研究 中国科学E辑 2003,33(增刊):28-40.
[31]D.ASSIMAKI G.GAZETAS.SOIL AND TOPOGRAPHIC AMPLIFICATION ON CANYON BANKS AND THE 1999 ATHENS EARTHQUAKE.Journal of Earthquake Engineering,Vol.8,No.1(2004)1-43
[32]许名标.小湾水电站边坡开挖爆破震动动力响应分析 武汉理工大学硕士学位论文 2004.11
[33]王江宏 王春波 卢广宁.PLAXIS在深基坑开挖与支护数值模拟中的应用山西建筑2007.12第33卷 第35期
[34]唐晓松 郑颖人 邬爱清 林成功 应用PLAXIS有限元程序进行渗流作用下的边坡稳定性分析.长江科学院院报2006.8第23卷第4期.
[35]SIGNAL DESIGN IN THE "VIBROSEIS" TECHNIQUE. GEOPHYS1S, VOL, 41, NO,6 (DECEMBER 1976),P, 1291-1304,16 FIGS
[36] D.ASSIMAKI G.GAXETAS .SOIL AND TOPOGRAPHIC AMPLIFICATION ON CANYON BANKS AND THE 1999 ATHENS EARTHQUAKES. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, Vol,8,No. 1(2004)1-43
[37]A.J.SERIFF AND W.H.KIM. THE EFFECT OF HARMONIC DISTORTION IN THE USE OF VIBRATORY SUFRACE SOURCES. GEOPHYSICS,VOL,35,NO.2,(APRIL, 1970)P,234-246,17,FIGS.
[38]Journal of Environmental & Engineering Geophysics. June 2006 Vol. 11 Issue 2 Special Issue: Geophysics in China.
[39]Jiaying Wang Chao Chen Jianghai Xia. Progress in Environmental and Engineering Geophysics.Proceedings of the International Conference on Environmental and Engineeing Geophysics 6-9 June 2004, Wuhan, China.
[40]Jiaying Wang Yixian Xu Jianghai Xia Chao Chen. Geophysical Solutions for Environment and Engineering. Proceedings of the 2~(nd) International Conference on Environmental and Engineering Geophysics
[41] Stoke, II K H,Nazarian S.Effectiveness of ground improvement from spectral analysis of surface waves.In: Proc.8th Euro Conf On Soil Mech and Found Eng.,1983.
[42] Xia J,Miller R D,Park C B.Estimation of near-surface shear wave velocity by in version of Rayleigh of Geotechnical and Geoenvionmental engineering, 1998,523-531.
[43] Winkler, Nur·Seismic attenuation: effects of pore fluids and frictional sliding. Geophysics, 1982, 47 (1): 1-15-
[44] Toksoz M N, Johnston D H·Attenuation of seismic waves in dry and saturated rocks under pressure [J]·Geophysics, 1979, 44 (4): 681-690
[45] Johnston D H, Toksoz M N·Ultrasonic P and S wave attenuation in dry and saturated rocks under pressure [J]·Geophysics, 1980, 45 (4): 681-690
[46] Rayleigh, L.On waves propagated along the plane surface of an elastic solid. Proceedings of the London Mathematic Society, 1887,17; 4-11.
[47]Thomson W T.Transmission of elastic waves through a stratified solid medium.J.Appl.phys.,1950,(21):89-93.
[48]Haskall N A.The dispersion of surface waves on multilayered media.Bull seism soc A.,1953,(21):89-93.
[49]Thrower F.N.The computation of the dispersion of elastic waves in layered media.J sound vib,1965,2(3):210-226.
[50]Chang F K.Rayleigh wave dispersion technique for rapid subsurface exploration.第42届国际地球物理年会,1973.
[51]周建明等.挤密桩在郑西客运专线湿陷性黄土地基处理中的应用.土工基础,Vb1.20 NO.2 Apr.2006:23-25.
[52]林士炎等.爆破震动对高速路边破影响的数值模拟.北京科技大学学报,2003,25(6),507-509.
[2]王勋成.有限单元法.北京:清华大学出版社,2006:1-586
[3]谢定义.土动力学.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1988:1-395
[4]王杰贤.动力地基与基础.北京:科学出版社,2001:41-70
[5]建筑抗震设计规范GB 50011-2001北京:中国建筑工业出版社 15-18
[6]兰景岩.土的动力学参数对场地设计反应谱的影响.中国地震局工程力学研究所.硕士学位论文,2006.6:1-63
[7]何樵登著.地震勘探原理和方法.地质出版社.1986
[8]姚姚.地震波场与地震勘探.地质出版社.2006.6:3-47
[9]刘洪兵、朱晞.地震中地形放大大的观测和研究进展.世界地震工程.,1999.9:15卷3期20-26
[10]杨书燕.特殊地形上结构非线性地震反应的研究.天津大学建筑工程学院土木工程系.硕士学位论文.41
[11]谢康和 周健.岩土工程有限元分析理论与应用.北京.科学出版社.2002 29-33.
[12]刘波 韩彦辉.FLAC原理、实例与应用指南.北京:人民交通出版社,2005.9.
[13]唐剑.露天深孔台阶爆破地震效应试验研究与数值模拟.西南交通大学.硕士学位论文.2006.3
[14]章文波 周雍年 谢礼立.场地放大效应的估计.地震工程与工程振动.第21卷第4期.2001.12.
[15]石玉成 王兰民 张颖.黄土场地覆盖层厚度和地形条件对地震动放大效应的影响.西北地震学报.第21卷第2期1996.6.
[16]丁德云 刘维宁 翟辉.地铁列车振动引发的地表低频(<10Hz)响应的研究道路与铁道工程.1106-1113.
[17]姜慧 高孟潭 俞言祥 赵翠萍.用数字地震资料确定软基岩场地放大和衰减的联合效应.地震学报.第26卷增刊2004.11(148-153).
[18]耿淑伟 陶夏新.地震动加速度反应谱竖向分量与水平分量的比值.地震工程与工程振动.第24卷第5期2004.10(33-38).
[19]姜慧.地震动随机模拟方法中的场地效应研究.中国地震局地球物理研究所.博士学位论文.
[20]史惠杰.强夯施试研究.中国海洋大学.硕士学位论文
[21]俞言祥.长周期地震动衰减关系研究.中国地震局地球物理研究所.2002.12博士学位论文.
[22]张栋梁.压实黄土动力特性试验研究.长安大学.硕士学位论文
[23]冯希杰 金学申.场地土对基岩峰值加速度放大效应分析.工程地质学报100429665/2001/09(04)2038520.
[24]黄雅虹.地震作用下黄土斜坡的稳定性分析预测 西北地震学报第 20卷 第3期1998.9 52-58.
[25]王永良.桩基施工对周围环境的影响.西部探矿工程.2004年3月第3期.总第94期.65-67
[26]舒大强 何蕴龙 董振华.岩质高边坡开挖爆破震动荷载及其对边坡稳定性影响的研究.工程爆破.第2卷第4期.1996.12.39-43
[27]D.ASSIMAKI.SOIL AND TOPOGRAPHIC AMPLIFICATION ON CANYON BANKS AND THE 1999 ATHENS EARTHQUAKE.Journal of Earthquake Engineering,Vol.8,No.1(2004)1-43
[28]George D.Bouckovala.Numerical evaluation of slope topography effects on seismic ground motion.Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 25(2005)547-558.
[29]陈仲候等.工程与环境物探教程.北京地质出版社.1993
[30]祁生文 伍法权 孙进忠 边坡动力响应规律研究 中国科学E辑 2003,33(增刊):28-40.
[31]D.ASSIMAKI G.GAZETAS.SOIL AND TOPOGRAPHIC AMPLIFICATION ON CANYON BANKS AND THE 1999 ATHENS EARTHQUAKE.Journal of Earthquake Engineering,Vol.8,No.1(2004)1-43
[32]许名标.小湾水电站边坡开挖爆破震动动力响应分析 武汉理工大学硕士学位论文 2004.11
[33]王江宏 王春波 卢广宁.PLAXIS在深基坑开挖与支护数值模拟中的应用山西建筑2007.12第33卷 第35期
[34]唐晓松 郑颖人 邬爱清 林成功 应用PLAXIS有限元程序进行渗流作用下的边坡稳定性分析.长江科学院院报2006.8第23卷第4期.
[35]SIGNAL DESIGN IN THE "VIBROSEIS" TECHNIQUE. GEOPHYS1S, VOL, 41, NO,6 (DECEMBER 1976),P, 1291-1304,16 FIGS
[36] D.ASSIMAKI G.GAXETAS .SOIL AND TOPOGRAPHIC AMPLIFICATION ON CANYON BANKS AND THE 1999 ATHENS EARTHQUAKES. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, Vol,8,No. 1(2004)1-43
[37]A.J.SERIFF AND W.H.KIM. THE EFFECT OF HARMONIC DISTORTION IN THE USE OF VIBRATORY SUFRACE SOURCES. GEOPHYSICS,VOL,35,NO.2,(APRIL, 1970)P,234-246,17,FIGS.
[38]Journal of Environmental & Engineering Geophysics. June 2006 Vol. 11 Issue 2 Special Issue: Geophysics in China.
[39]Jiaying Wang Chao Chen Jianghai Xia. Progress in Environmental and Engineering Geophysics.Proceedings of the International Conference on Environmental and Engineeing Geophysics 6-9 June 2004, Wuhan, China.
[40]Jiaying Wang Yixian Xu Jianghai Xia Chao Chen. Geophysical Solutions for Environment and Engineering. Proceedings of the 2~(nd) International Conference on Environmental and Engineering Geophysics
[41] Stoke, II K H,Nazarian S.Effectiveness of ground improvement from spectral analysis of surface waves.In: Proc.8th Euro Conf On Soil Mech and Found Eng.,1983.
[42] Xia J,Miller R D,Park C B.Estimation of near-surface shear wave velocity by in version of Rayleigh of Geotechnical and Geoenvionmental engineering, 1998,523-531.
[43] Winkler, Nur·Seismic attenuation: effects of pore fluids and frictional sliding. Geophysics, 1982, 47 (1): 1-15-
[44] Toksoz M N, Johnston D H·Attenuation of seismic waves in dry and saturated rocks under pressure [J]·Geophysics, 1979, 44 (4): 681-690
[45] Johnston D H, Toksoz M N·Ultrasonic P and S wave attenuation in dry and saturated rocks under pressure [J]·Geophysics, 1980, 45 (4): 681-690
[46] Rayleigh, L.On waves propagated along the plane surface of an elastic solid. Proceedings of the London Mathematic Society, 1887,17; 4-11.
[47]Thomson W T.Transmission of elastic waves through a stratified solid medium.J.Appl.phys.,1950,(21):89-93.
[48]Haskall N A.The dispersion of surface waves on multilayered media.Bull seism soc A.,1953,(21):89-93.
[49]Thrower F.N.The computation of the dispersion of elastic waves in layered media.J sound vib,1965,2(3):210-226.
[50]Chang F K.Rayleigh wave dispersion technique for rapid subsurface exploration.第42届国际地球物理年会,1973.
[51]周建明等.挤密桩在郑西客运专线湿陷性黄土地基处理中的应用.土工基础,Vb1.20 NO.2 Apr.2006:23-25.
[52]林士炎等.爆破震动对高速路边破影响的数值模拟.北京科技大学学报,2003,25(6),507-509.