蒸发冷却与机械制冷复合空调机组的研究
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摘要
节能减排已经逐步深入到生产与生活的各个领域。空调作为建筑物的耗能大户有着巨大节能潜力。尤其是传统集中式空凋作为一种高耗能设备,随着使用时间的延长,电能的消耗、设备损坏更新等费用持续上斤,导致使用成本逐年递增、居高不下,造成极大的能源浪费;再之,多年来机械制冷所使用的制冷剂CFC_s及HCFC工质,因其对臭氧层有破坏作用和导致温室效应的产生,所以机械制冷系统急需寻求一种环保无污染而且节能的制冷方式与之配合,以减少对环境的污染。蒸发冷却空调技术是利用干燥空气自然湿能可再生能源,借助于环境空气中的干球温度与露点温度差,通过水与空气之间的热湿交换来获取冷量的一种环保高效而且经济的冷却方式。它能潜在地减少机械制冷设备的成本和运行费用,在提供相同舒适性的同时还能节约大量的功率,并且减少压缩机、冷凝器和冷却塔的磨损。当机械制冷系统发生故障或维修期间,蒸发冷却可以替代机械制冷进行冷却,并能提供大量通风。蒸发冷却能减少冷却塔系统中的用水量,蒸发冷却可以根据需要在冬季提供廉价的加湿。消耗很少的石化燃料产生的功率,有利于保护环境。本文在此基础上,针对广大中湿度地区室外气象条件,提出了蒸发冷却与机械制冷复合空调机组,并对此复合空调机组从其结合的理论基础、设备结构、系统设计以及运行模式和节能潜力方面作了深入的理论和实验研究。
首先,从理论上对蒸发冷却与机械制冷复合空调系统进行了节能性和经济性分析以及(火用)的分析。并通过实例计算得出在中湿度地区,应用蒸发冷却与机械制冷复合空调系统的节能潜力,计算结果表明:
1.过渡季节(?)充分发挥蒸发冷却“免费供冷”能力,使机械制冷处于“冬眠”状态;所以只有风机及水泵消耗能量,与传统机械制冷系统相比节能潜力巨大。
2.夏季炎热季节对新风进行预冷,当新风比为50%时,减少机械电制冷系统26%运行负荷,并且还可以更多利用一年中的室外免费供冷时间,发挥蒸发冷却的优势。
3.结合具体工程,分析了蒸发冷却与机械制冷复合空调系统与传统机械制冷空调系统在相同制冷量条件下的空调能耗和运行费用以及能效比,得出了前者比后者可节省能耗60%,季节能效比SEER可提高达37%。
4.通过(火用)的分析,揭示了将蒸发冷却技术与机械制冷复合空调系统,利用蒸发冷却功能段“免费供冷”和对新风预冷的同时,在回收利用间接段二次排风能量和表冷器冷凝水冷量的薄弱环节。为机组结构的优化设计奠定了基础,进一步指导了实验台的搭建,发挥出复合机组更大的节能潜力。
为了深入分析研究蒸发冷却与机械制冷复合空调机组性能,本研究还自行设计、搭建了5000m~3/h蒸发冷却与机械制冷复合空调机组实验台,并针对过渡季节和夏季进行了实验测试,实验结果表明:
1.机组热管间接蒸发冷却段在热端淋水密度不变情况下,当改变二次风与一次风量比0.9时,蒸发冷却效率最高,达74%;平均温降达到4℃左右。
2.管式间接蒸发冷却段在淋水密度不变情况下,当改变二次风与一次风量比,为0.85时,其效率最高,达80%;平均温降达到6℃左右。
3.通过不同季节功能段的切换使用,春秋季节开启蒸发冷却功能段进行“免费供冷”,机组总的制冷量为15～18kW,其EER平均值高达16.3;夏季利用两级间接蒸发冷却段对新风进行预冷,新风比为30%时,减小了机械制冷15%的冷负荷,
4.表冷器供水温度(10℃)不变,调节冷冻水水流量时,复合空调机组较传统机械制冷系统节约冷冻水量0.67kg/s压缩机能耗减少约35%,机组整体EER提高42.4%。
5.表冷器冷冻水水流量不变,调节供水温度时,当出水温度升高4℃,压缩机能耗降低了约40%,复合空调机组单位制冷量的能耗下降28.6%,机组整体EER提高39%。
本文所研究内容对拓展蒸发冷却应用领域、掌握蒸发冷却与机械制冷相结合空调系统在非干燥地区应用的运行模式及性能参数、开发适用于非干燥地区的节能型空调机组具有一定的指导意义。
Energy-saving and emission reduction has been gradually into all areas of production and life.As a major of buildings energy consumption, traditional mechanical refrigeration air-conditioning is a high energy-consuming equipment, with the use of time, the cost of energy consumption, equipment damage and updates continued to rise, leading to the use of the cost increase every year, resulting in serious waste of energy.what'more, the use of mechanical refrigeration refrigerants CFC_s and HCFC, which has damaging effects on the ozone layer and greenhouse production, Therefore, mechanical refrigeration system is badly in need of an environmental protection and pollution-free energy-saving refrigeration as a co-ordinated manner to minimize environmental pollution. Evaporative cooling air-conditioning technology is a highly efficient and environmental friendly and economy way of cooling through the exchange of heat and moisture to get a cold between the air and water. It can potentially reduce the cost of mechanical refrigeration components and operating costs, to provide comfort at the same time can save a lot of power and reduce the compressor, condenser and cooling tower of wear and tear. When mechanical refrigeration system failure or maintenance, evaporative cooling can replace mechanical refrigeration for cooling and can offer a lot of ventilation. Evaporative cooling can reduce the cooling tower system in the water, according to the need to be able to provide low-cost wet winter. Consume very little power generated by fossil fuels ,and Contribute to protect the environment.
Basised on this, the article put forward evaporative cooling assisting to mechanical refrigeration air-conditioning unit, for the majority of humidity in the outdoor area weather conditions. And made an in-depth theoretical and experimental research from the aspects of its theoretical basis, system architecture, system design and operation mode and energy-saving potential.
First of all, Carried out energy-saving and economic analysis as well as the exergy analysis form the theory connection of unit. And through the example of calculated in the mid-humidity region, the application of evaporative cooling assisting to mechanical refrigeration air-conditioning system:
1. Transition seasonal can give full play to the evaporative cooling "free cooling" ability to make mechanical refrigeration in a state of "hibernation" state; it consumes only fan and pump energy consumption, compared with the traditional mechanical refrigeration system have great energy-saving potential.
2. Pre-cooling the fresh air in the summer season , when the new wind ratio more than 50% , reduction mechanical refrigeration system of the run load to 26%, and can also make greater use of a year of free outdoor cooling time, play the advantages of evaporative cooling.
3. Analyzed the air-conditioning energy consumption and operating costs, as well as energy efficiency ratio in the same cooling capacity of evaporative cooling assisting to mechanical refrigeration air-conditioning system compared with the traditional mechanical refrigeration system link up with the Specific projects. arrived at the former than the latter can save energy consumption 60% , SEER can increase 37%
4. Through the use of exergy analysis, reveal the weak link of evaporative cooling technology and mechanical refrigeration is a complex unit, use the "free cooling" of evaporative cooling function and the new air pre-cooling at the same time, recycling the exhaust air of the indirect function and the condensate water. To optimize the design of the structure of the unit laid the foundation and for further guidance to the test-rig structures.
In order to in-depth analysis the performance of evaporative cooling assisting to mechanical refrigeration air-conditioning unit, designed and build a 5000m~3 / h evaporative cooling assisting to mechanical refrigeration air-conditioning unit test-rig and made the experimental test dead against transition season and the summer season:
1. Heat pipe heat side spilled water density unchanged, Secondary air flow and primary air volume ratio regulated by transducer, when the secondary / primary air ratio up to 0.9 ,and the highest value of the wet-bulb efficiency reaching 74%. an average temperature drop of about 4℃.
2. Tube indirect evaporative cooling section spilled water density unchanged, when when the secondary / primary air ratio up to 0.85, its highest efficiency 80%; an average temperature drop of about 6℃.
3. Through the switch of the different seasons function section, spring and autumn open the evaporative cooling section for "free cooling", the refrigeration unit of the total cooling capacity up to 15～18kW, the average EER as high as 16.3; in the summer to use indirect evaporative cooling function section for Pre-cooling the new wind ,when the new wind ratio more than 30%, a decrease of 15% of mechanical refrigeration cooling load,
4. Cooling coil water temperature (10℃) unchanged, regulating the flow of frozen water, Compound air-conditioning unit than conventional mechanical refrigeration system to save frozen water 0.67kg / s, compressor energy consumption reduced by about 35% , EER increase 42.4% of the overall unit.
5. Flow of cooling coil frozen water unchanged, regulating the water temperature ,when the supply water temperature increase 4℃, the compressor energy consumption to reduce by about 40% and the compound air-conditioning unit cooling capacity energy consumption in a unit fell 28.6 %, EER increase 39% of the overall unit.
The content of this paper has a certain reference value for the development of evaporative cooling applications, familiarize the evaporative cooling assisting to mechanical refrigeration air-conditioning systems in the non-dry areas of application of the mode of operation and performance parameters, and development the energy-saving air-conditioning unit applicable to the non-dry areas.
首先,从理论上对蒸发冷却与机械制冷复合空调系统进行了节能性和经济性分析以及(火用)的分析。并通过实例计算得出在中湿度地区,应用蒸发冷却与机械制冷复合空调系统的节能潜力,计算结果表明:
1.过渡季节(?)充分发挥蒸发冷却“免费供冷”能力,使机械制冷处于“冬眠”状态;所以只有风机及水泵消耗能量,与传统机械制冷系统相比节能潜力巨大。
2.夏季炎热季节对新风进行预冷,当新风比为50%时,减少机械电制冷系统26%运行负荷,并且还可以更多利用一年中的室外免费供冷时间,发挥蒸发冷却的优势。
3.结合具体工程,分析了蒸发冷却与机械制冷复合空调系统与传统机械制冷空调系统在相同制冷量条件下的空调能耗和运行费用以及能效比,得出了前者比后者可节省能耗60%,季节能效比SEER可提高达37%。
4.通过(火用)的分析,揭示了将蒸发冷却技术与机械制冷复合空调系统,利用蒸发冷却功能段“免费供冷”和对新风预冷的同时,在回收利用间接段二次排风能量和表冷器冷凝水冷量的薄弱环节。为机组结构的优化设计奠定了基础,进一步指导了实验台的搭建,发挥出复合机组更大的节能潜力。
为了深入分析研究蒸发冷却与机械制冷复合空调机组性能,本研究还自行设计、搭建了5000m~3/h蒸发冷却与机械制冷复合空调机组实验台,并针对过渡季节和夏季进行了实验测试,实验结果表明:
1.机组热管间接蒸发冷却段在热端淋水密度不变情况下,当改变二次风与一次风量比0.9时,蒸发冷却效率最高,达74%;平均温降达到4℃左右。
2.管式间接蒸发冷却段在淋水密度不变情况下,当改变二次风与一次风量比,为0.85时,其效率最高,达80%;平均温降达到6℃左右。
3.通过不同季节功能段的切换使用,春秋季节开启蒸发冷却功能段进行“免费供冷”,机组总的制冷量为15～18kW,其EER平均值高达16.3;夏季利用两级间接蒸发冷却段对新风进行预冷,新风比为30%时,减小了机械制冷15%的冷负荷,
4.表冷器供水温度(10℃)不变,调节冷冻水水流量时,复合空调机组较传统机械制冷系统节约冷冻水量0.67kg/s压缩机能耗减少约35%,机组整体EER提高42.4%。
5.表冷器冷冻水水流量不变,调节供水温度时,当出水温度升高4℃,压缩机能耗降低了约40%,复合空调机组单位制冷量的能耗下降28.6%,机组整体EER提高39%。
本文所研究内容对拓展蒸发冷却应用领域、掌握蒸发冷却与机械制冷相结合空调系统在非干燥地区应用的运行模式及性能参数、开发适用于非干燥地区的节能型空调机组具有一定的指导意义。
Energy-saving and emission reduction has been gradually into all areas of production and life.As a major of buildings energy consumption, traditional mechanical refrigeration air-conditioning is a high energy-consuming equipment, with the use of time, the cost of energy consumption, equipment damage and updates continued to rise, leading to the use of the cost increase every year, resulting in serious waste of energy.what'more, the use of mechanical refrigeration refrigerants CFC_s and HCFC, which has damaging effects on the ozone layer and greenhouse production, Therefore, mechanical refrigeration system is badly in need of an environmental protection and pollution-free energy-saving refrigeration as a co-ordinated manner to minimize environmental pollution. Evaporative cooling air-conditioning technology is a highly efficient and environmental friendly and economy way of cooling through the exchange of heat and moisture to get a cold between the air and water. It can potentially reduce the cost of mechanical refrigeration components and operating costs, to provide comfort at the same time can save a lot of power and reduce the compressor, condenser and cooling tower of wear and tear. When mechanical refrigeration system failure or maintenance, evaporative cooling can replace mechanical refrigeration for cooling and can offer a lot of ventilation. Evaporative cooling can reduce the cooling tower system in the water, according to the need to be able to provide low-cost wet winter. Consume very little power generated by fossil fuels ,and Contribute to protect the environment.
Basised on this, the article put forward evaporative cooling assisting to mechanical refrigeration air-conditioning unit, for the majority of humidity in the outdoor area weather conditions. And made an in-depth theoretical and experimental research from the aspects of its theoretical basis, system architecture, system design and operation mode and energy-saving potential.
First of all, Carried out energy-saving and economic analysis as well as the exergy analysis form the theory connection of unit. And through the example of calculated in the mid-humidity region, the application of evaporative cooling assisting to mechanical refrigeration air-conditioning system:
1. Transition seasonal can give full play to the evaporative cooling "free cooling" ability to make mechanical refrigeration in a state of "hibernation" state; it consumes only fan and pump energy consumption, compared with the traditional mechanical refrigeration system have great energy-saving potential.
2. Pre-cooling the fresh air in the summer season , when the new wind ratio more than 50% , reduction mechanical refrigeration system of the run load to 26%, and can also make greater use of a year of free outdoor cooling time, play the advantages of evaporative cooling.
3. Analyzed the air-conditioning energy consumption and operating costs, as well as energy efficiency ratio in the same cooling capacity of evaporative cooling assisting to mechanical refrigeration air-conditioning system compared with the traditional mechanical refrigeration system link up with the Specific projects. arrived at the former than the latter can save energy consumption 60% , SEER can increase 37%
4. Through the use of exergy analysis, reveal the weak link of evaporative cooling technology and mechanical refrigeration is a complex unit, use the "free cooling" of evaporative cooling function and the new air pre-cooling at the same time, recycling the exhaust air of the indirect function and the condensate water. To optimize the design of the structure of the unit laid the foundation and for further guidance to the test-rig structures.
In order to in-depth analysis the performance of evaporative cooling assisting to mechanical refrigeration air-conditioning unit, designed and build a 5000m~3 / h evaporative cooling assisting to mechanical refrigeration air-conditioning unit test-rig and made the experimental test dead against transition season and the summer season:
1. Heat pipe heat side spilled water density unchanged, Secondary air flow and primary air volume ratio regulated by transducer, when the secondary / primary air ratio up to 0.9 ,and the highest value of the wet-bulb efficiency reaching 74%. an average temperature drop of about 4℃.
2. Tube indirect evaporative cooling section spilled water density unchanged, when when the secondary / primary air ratio up to 0.85, its highest efficiency 80%; an average temperature drop of about 6℃.
3. Through the switch of the different seasons function section, spring and autumn open the evaporative cooling section for "free cooling", the refrigeration unit of the total cooling capacity up to 15～18kW, the average EER as high as 16.3; in the summer to use indirect evaporative cooling function section for Pre-cooling the new wind ,when the new wind ratio more than 30%, a decrease of 15% of mechanical refrigeration cooling load,
4. Cooling coil water temperature (10℃) unchanged, regulating the flow of frozen water, Compound air-conditioning unit than conventional mechanical refrigeration system to save frozen water 0.67kg / s, compressor energy consumption reduced by about 35% , EER increase 42.4% of the overall unit.
5. Flow of cooling coil frozen water unchanged, regulating the water temperature ,when the supply water temperature increase 4℃, the compressor energy consumption to reduce by about 40% and the compound air-conditioning unit cooling capacity energy consumption in a unit fell 28.6 %, EER increase 39% of the overall unit.
The content of this paper has a certain reference value for the development of evaporative cooling applications, familiarize the evaporative cooling assisting to mechanical refrigeration air-conditioning systems in the non-dry areas of application of the mode of operation and performance parameters, and development the energy-saving air-conditioning unit applicable to the non-dry areas.
引文
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