储集层裂缝评价方法及应用研究
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摘要
储集层裂缝评价方法及应用,是当今油气田勘探与开发的重要研究课题之一。开展储集层裂缝特征的研究,对油气田增加储量和提高采收率均具有特殊重要的意义。本文针对“乾安老区精细油藏描述及综合调整方案可行性研究”的需要,主要完成了乾安油田高台子油层储集层裂缝的评价研究。首先,在地质及开发特征研究的基础上,利用井斜数据、岩心观测、地球物理测井等资料,对储集层天然裂缝的特征进行了识别;结合人工压裂实时监测、水驱前缘监测等资料,对储集层人工裂缝的各项参数进行了解释。其次,本文从储集层现今地应力场模拟的角度出发,开展了储集层人工裂缝展布规律的预测研究:重点应用目前发展较为成熟的地应力场有限元数值模拟技术,获得了乾安油田I区主力砂组现今地应力场的基本特征;根据岩石力学和水力压裂等理论,细致探讨了现今地应力场与人工裂缝的类型、方位、发育程度,以及人工裂缝与天然裂缝之间的关系,并提出以张破裂发育强度作为衡量储集层人工裂缝发育程度高低的标志;在地应力场有限元数值模拟的初步结果数据基础上,结合有限元编程,对I区储集层人工裂缝的发育规律进行了较为系统的评价。最后,对储集层人工裂缝发育规律的预测效果进行了检验,并简要讨论了人工裂缝发育程度对油田开发生产所造成的影响。研究结果表明:乾安油田高台子油层发育一组天然张裂缝和两组天然剪切缝;I区主力砂组的储集层现今地应力场控制了人工裂缝的类型、方位和发育程度,并且较高的差应力使人工裂缝成为影响油田生产的关键;根据储集层张破裂的发育强度,可以有效地对储集层人工裂缝的发育程度做出预测,从而为科学指导油田的开发调整提供了依据。
Evaluation method and its application research on reservoir fractures is one of the most important tasks in the exploration and development of oil and gas fields. It is significant to study the features of reservoir fractures for oil and gas fields to increase reserve and enhance oil recovery. To meet the demands that the fine reservoir description and feasibility research on the integrate adjustment in Qian’an old block, the paper mainly completes the evaluation research on reservoir fractures of Gaotaizi reservoir in Qian'an oilfield. Firstly, by studying the features of geology and development, the paper identifies natural fractures with the information about well deviation data, core observation and geophysical logging, and interprets all the parameters of hydraulic fractures with the monitoring materials of hydraulic fracture and waterflood front. Secondly, the paper proposes a method that studying the distribution and development of hydraulic fractures starts from an aspect of the simulation about present ground stress field. Through the whole study, the paper insists that using the finite element numerical simulation of ground stress to get features of the present ground stress field in main sand bed of I block. And based on the theories of rock mechanics and hydrafrac, the paper detailedly talks about the relevance between the present ground stress field and the type, azimuth, development of hydraulic fractures, and the relationship between hydraulic fractures and natural fractures, the paper takes the development of tension cracks as a criterion that can measure the development level of hydraulic fractures. And based on the resulting data sets of the finite element simulation of ground stress field, the paper studies the law about the distribution of hydraulic fractures in the intended intervals combining with the finite element programme. Lastly, the paper checks up the predictive effect about the development lever of hydraulic fractures, and briefly talks about the influence that the development lever of hydraulic fractures affect the development of oil fields. The result shows that there are one group of natural tension crack and two groups of shear fractures in Gaotaizi reservoir of Qian’an oilfield. The type, azimuth, development of hydraulic fractures in I block are controlled by the present ground field. Under the higher differential stress, the hydraulic fracture becomes a key factor that affects the production of oil fields. With the development of tension cracks, the development of hydraulic fractures can be effectively predicted, and it offers a scientific direction in the adjustment for Qian’an oilfield.
Evaluation method and its application research on reservoir fractures is one of the most important tasks in the exploration and development of oil and gas fields. It is significant to study the features of reservoir fractures for oil and gas fields to increase reserve and enhance oil recovery. To meet the demands that the fine reservoir description and feasibility research on the integrate adjustment in Qian’an old block, the paper mainly completes the evaluation research on reservoir fractures of Gaotaizi reservoir in Qian'an oilfield. Firstly, by studying the features of geology and development, the paper identifies natural fractures with the information about well deviation data, core observation and geophysical logging, and interprets all the parameters of hydraulic fractures with the monitoring materials of hydraulic fracture and waterflood front. Secondly, the paper proposes a method that studying the distribution and development of hydraulic fractures starts from an aspect of the simulation about present ground stress field. Through the whole study, the paper insists that using the finite element numerical simulation of ground stress to get features of the present ground stress field in main sand bed of I block. And based on the theories of rock mechanics and hydrafrac, the paper detailedly talks about the relevance between the present ground stress field and the type, azimuth, development of hydraulic fractures, and the relationship between hydraulic fractures and natural fractures, the paper takes the development of tension cracks as a criterion that can measure the development level of hydraulic fractures. And based on the resulting data sets of the finite element simulation of ground stress field, the paper studies the law about the distribution of hydraulic fractures in the intended intervals combining with the finite element programme. Lastly, the paper checks up the predictive effect about the development lever of hydraulic fractures, and briefly talks about the influence that the development lever of hydraulic fractures affect the development of oil fields. The result shows that there are one group of natural tension crack and two groups of shear fractures in Gaotaizi reservoir of Qian’an oilfield. The type, azimuth, development of hydraulic fractures in I block are controlled by the present ground field. Under the higher differential stress, the hydraulic fracture becomes a key factor that affects the production of oil fields. With the development of tension cracks, the development of hydraulic fractures can be effectively predicted, and it offers a scientific direction in the adjustment for Qian’an oilfield.
引文
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[18]周英杰,武强,张敬轩等.埕北-30潜山太古界裂缝性油藏裂缝分布预测[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(4):433-437
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[20]李志勇,曾佐勋,罗文强.褶皱构造的曲率分析及其裂缝估算——以江汉盆地王场褶皱为例[J].吉林大学学报,2004,34(4):517-521
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[22]黎洪,彭苏萍,张德志.裂缝性油藏主渗透率及主裂缝方向识别方法[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2002,26(2):44-46
[23]张吉昌,邢玉忠,郑丽辉.利用人工智能技术进行裂缝识别研究[J].测井技术,2005,29(1):52-54
[24]徐言岗,徐宏节,虞显和.川西坳陷中深层裂缝的识别与预测[J].天然气工业,2004,24(3):9-11
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[28]梁成钢,赵建伟,浦海东等.水驱前缘监测技术在北16油田的应用[J].新疆石油天然气,2007,3(2):33-35
[29]王勖成,邵敏.有限单元法基本原理和数值方法[M].北京,清华大学出版社,1997,22-30
[30] Laurent Maerten,Frantz Maerten. Chronologic modeling of faulted and fracturedreservoirs using geomechanically based restoration : Technique and industry applications[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(8),1201-1226
[31]李志明,张金珠编著.地应力与油气勘探开发[M].北京,石油工业出版社,1997,8-359
[32]路保平,张传进等.岩石力学在油气开发中的应用前景分析[J].石油钻探技术,2000,28(1):7-9
[33]韩健,方洪银,刘懋现编著.地震地质学基础[M].北京,地震出版社,1998,327-330
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[35]王仲茂,胡江明.水力压裂裂缝形态的研究[J].石油勘探与开发,1994,21(6):66-69
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[37]米卡尔J.埃克诺米德斯,肯尼斯G.诺尔特著.油藏增产措施(第三版)[M].北京,石油工业出版社,2002,99-138
[38]李传亮编著.油藏工程原理[M].北京,石油工业出版社,2005,79-83
[39]张景和,孙宗颀著.地应力、裂缝测试技术在石油勘探开发中的应用[M].北京,石油工业出版社,2001,38-39
[40]乔新,阎锐,王泰.低渗透油田压裂开发的新方案[J].测井技术,1994,8(1):39-43
[41]王鸿勋,张琪等编.采油工艺原理[M].北京,石油工业出版社,1985,141-142
[42]刘莉,崔丽颖,杨旭等.地层主应力的确定及在低渗透油田开发中的应用[J].测井技术,2001,25(5):373-376
[43] Blanton T L.An experimental study of interaction between hydraulically induced and pre-existing fractures. SPE 10847,1982,1-13
[44]曾联波,田崇鲁.构造应力场与低渗透油田开发[J].石油勘探与开发,1998,25(3):91-93
[45]周健,陈勉,金衍等.裂缝性储层水力裂缝扩展机理试验研究[J].石油学报,2007,28(5):109-113
[46]宋惠珍,贾承造,欧阳健.裂缝性储集层研究理论与方法[M].北京,石油工业出版社,2001,243-250
[47]王允诚等编著.裂缝性致密油气储集层[M].北京,地质出版社,1992,35-36
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[2]童亨茂.储层裂缝描述与预测研究进展[J].新疆石油学院学报,2004,16(2):9-13
[3] Mohammed S.Ameen,Ernest A.Hailwood. A new technology for the characterization of microfractured reserivoir(test case: Unayzah reservoir,Wudayhi field,Saudi Arabia)[J]. AAPG Bulletin,2008,92(1):31-52
[4] Murray G H. Quantitative fracture study, Sanish pool, Mckenzie county, North Dakota[J]. AAPG Bulletin,1968,52(1):122-141
[5]梅廉夫,徐思煌.裂缝油气藏综合分析系统[J].石油学报,1995,16(1):38-43
[6]袁士义,宋新民,冉启全.裂缝性油藏开发技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004,3-333
[7]孙建孟,刘蓉,梅基席等.青海柴西地区常规测井裂缝识别方法[J].测井技术,1999,23(4):268-275
[8]尹志军,黄述旺,陈崇河.用三维地震资料预测裂缝[J].石油勘探与开发,1999,26(1):78-80
[9]卢颖忠,黄智辉,管志宁等.储层裂缝特征测井解释方法综述[J].地质科技情报,1998,17(1):85-90
[10]刘成斋著.泥岩裂缝预测理论与实践[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2003,6-14
[11]张厚福,方朝亮,高先志等编.石油地质学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2005,201-203
[12]文世鹏,李德同.储层构造裂缝数值模拟技术[J].石油大学报(自然科学版),1996,20(5):17-24
[13]张帆,贺振华,黄德济,唐湘蓉.预测裂隙发育带的构造应力场数值模拟技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(2):154-163
[14]陈波,田崇鲁.储层构造裂缝数值模拟技术的应用实例[J].石油学报,1998,19(4):50-54
[15]邓攀,魏国奇,杨泳.储层构造裂缝定量预测中地质数学模型的建立与应用研究[J].天然气地球科学,2006,17(4):480-484
[16]曾联波,田崇鲁.构造应力场在隐蔽性油气藏勘探中的应用[J].现代地质,1998,12(3):401-405
[17]宋惠珍,曾海容,孙君秀等.储层构造裂缝预测方法及其应用[J].地震地质,1999,21(3):205-213
[18]周英杰,武强,张敬轩等.埕北-30潜山太古界裂缝性油藏裂缝分布预测[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(4):433-437
[19]慈兴华,冀登武,陈汉林等.济阳坳陷四扣洼陷泥质岩裂缝储层预测研究[J].高校地质学报,2002,8(1):96-104
[20]李志勇,曾佐勋,罗文强.褶皱构造的曲率分析及其裂缝估算——以江汉盆地王场褶皱为例[J].吉林大学学报,2004,34(4):517-521
[21] Abdelkader Kouider El Ouahed,Djebbar Tiab,Amine Mazouzi. Application of artificial intelligence to characterize naturally fractured zones in Hassi Messaoud Oil Field,Algeria[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2005,122-141
[22]黎洪,彭苏萍,张德志.裂缝性油藏主渗透率及主裂缝方向识别方法[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2002,26(2):44-46
[23]张吉昌,邢玉忠,郑丽辉.利用人工智能技术进行裂缝识别研究[J].测井技术,2005,29(1):52-54
[24]徐言岗,徐宏节,虞显和.川西坳陷中深层裂缝的识别与预测[J].天然气工业,2004,24(3):9-11
[25]吉林油田石油地质志编写组.中国石油地质志.卷二:大庆、吉林油田.下册:吉林油田[M].北京,石油工业出版社,1993,409-415
[26]陆克政主编.构造地质学教程[M].东营,石油大学出版社,2004,49-52
[27]贾文玉,田素月,孙耀庭等著.成像测井技术与应用[M].北京,石油工业出版社,2000,15-23
[28]梁成钢,赵建伟,浦海东等.水驱前缘监测技术在北16油田的应用[J].新疆石油天然气,2007,3(2):33-35
[29]王勖成,邵敏.有限单元法基本原理和数值方法[M].北京,清华大学出版社,1997,22-30
[30] Laurent Maerten,Frantz Maerten. Chronologic modeling of faulted and fracturedreservoirs using geomechanically based restoration : Technique and industry applications[J].AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(8),1201-1226
[31]李志明,张金珠编著.地应力与油气勘探开发[M].北京,石油工业出版社,1997,8-359
[32]路保平,张传进等.岩石力学在油气开发中的应用前景分析[J].石油钻探技术,2000,28(1):7-9
[33]韩健,方洪银,刘懋现编著.地震地质学基础[M].北京,地震出版社,1998,327-330
[34]孙贻玲,王秀娟,周永炳.三肇凹陷扶杨油层岩石力学参数特征[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2001,20(4):19-21
[35]王仲茂,胡江明.水力压裂裂缝形态的研究[J].石油勘探与开发,1994,21(6):66-69
[36] J.L.Gidley,etc.水力压裂技术新发展[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995,1-90
[37]米卡尔J.埃克诺米德斯,肯尼斯G.诺尔特著.油藏增产措施(第三版)[M].北京,石油工业出版社,2002,99-138
[38]李传亮编著.油藏工程原理[M].北京,石油工业出版社,2005,79-83
[39]张景和,孙宗颀著.地应力、裂缝测试技术在石油勘探开发中的应用[M].北京,石油工业出版社,2001,38-39
[40]乔新,阎锐,王泰.低渗透油田压裂开发的新方案[J].测井技术,1994,8(1):39-43
[41]王鸿勋,张琪等编.采油工艺原理[M].北京,石油工业出版社,1985,141-142
[42]刘莉,崔丽颖,杨旭等.地层主应力的确定及在低渗透油田开发中的应用[J].测井技术,2001,25(5):373-376
[43] Blanton T L.An experimental study of interaction between hydraulically induced and pre-existing fractures. SPE 10847,1982,1-13
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