喷射成形高温合金组织特性及变化规律的研究
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摘要
本论文采用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、差示扫描热分析、相分析等测试方法,研究了喷射成形GH742y合金基本组织特征及变化规律。
对喷射成形GH742y合金基本组织特征的研究表明,沉积坯整体致密、组织细小、均匀;沉积坯主体部分平均晶粒尺寸在30～50μm,沉积坯边缘由于冷凝速度较快晶粒尺寸相对较小;少量疏松主要集中在沉积坯边缘和距沉积坯上表面30～50mm处,与金属凝固、雾化气体等有关;沉积态第二相主要由γ′相和富铌钛的MC型碳氮化物组成。
通过研究氮气雾化喷射成形制备流程中的组织演变得出,热等静压可以明显减少疏松,使沉积坯整体致密度提高,达99.9%,热处理对γ′相的尺寸和数量有主要影响;沉积态和锻态材料都具有很好的抗晶粒长大能力;沉积态γ′相固溶温度约为1126℃。
通过对比热处理对氮气雾化和氩气雾化喷射成形GH742y合金热等静压态晶粒尺寸的影响,研究了抑制晶粒长大的主要因素,结果表明:氮气雾化组织在1250℃保温8小时也不发生粗化,极限晶粒尺寸为40μm;而氩气雾化组织与固溶温度相关性较大,极限晶粒尺寸约200μm。低于γ′相固溶温度热处理,γ′相阻碍晶粒长大;高于γ′相固溶温度热处理,弥散分布MC相阻碍晶粒长大。氮气雾化和氩气雾化热等静压态碳氮化物的体积分数、尺寸和分布的差异导致二者极限晶粒尺寸不同。Gladman方程可以估计氮气雾化沉积坯热等静压态的极限晶粒尺寸,而Zener方程可用来预测氩气雾化热等静压态的极限晶粒尺寸。
Microstructure characteristics and evolution of various states in spray formed superalloy GH742y have been investigated by using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, phase analysis.
The analysis of the microstructure characteristic of as spray formed GH742y indicates that the preform exhibits high density, fine and uniform microstructure. The mean grain size of most preform is in the range of 30～50μm. The smaller grain size in edge can be explained in term of the cooling effect of preform. A few pores, which distribute mainly in the edge and 30~50mm below the upper surface of preform, were affected by metal solidification, atomization gas and so forth. The second-phase of as spray formed GH742y consists ofγ′phase and M(C,N) richied Nb and Ti.
The study of microstructure evolution in the flowchart of spary forming process, indicates that hot isostatic pressing can eliminate the pores of sprayed formed GH742y effectively. The relative density on the vertical section of preform can as high as 99.9% after HIP. The size and amount ofγ′phase, the combination properties can be changed after heat treatment. Very little coarsening and good stability of grains in both as sprayed formed and forged preform were observed after high temperature solution treatment. Theγ′solvus temperature of spray formed GH742y is about 1126℃.
The main factors of grain growth inhibition were investigated, by conparing the influence of heat treatment on grain growth of as HIPed materials N2 atomized with that of Argon atomized alloy. The study reveals that the grain coarsening do not take place after 1250℃solution treatment for 4h and the limitingultimate grain size is abou 40μm in N2-atomized HIPed preform. However, for Ar-atomized preform, the grain size varies with the solution temperature and the limitingultimate grain size is 200μm.γ′phase inhibits grain growth by pinning grain boundary when solution treatment belowγ′solvus temperature. The dispersed MC phase restrain grain coarsening during solution treatment aboveγ′solvus temperature. The difference in volume fraction, size and distribution of carbonitride brings about the difference in limitingultimate grain size of as HIPed materials between N2 atomized and Ar atomized. Gladman equation can estimate limitingultimate grain size in HIPed preform N2 atomized. Zener equation can predict the limitingultimate grain growth in HIPed preform Ar atomized.
对喷射成形GH742y合金基本组织特征的研究表明,沉积坯整体致密、组织细小、均匀;沉积坯主体部分平均晶粒尺寸在30～50μm,沉积坯边缘由于冷凝速度较快晶粒尺寸相对较小;少量疏松主要集中在沉积坯边缘和距沉积坯上表面30～50mm处,与金属凝固、雾化气体等有关;沉积态第二相主要由γ′相和富铌钛的MC型碳氮化物组成。
通过研究氮气雾化喷射成形制备流程中的组织演变得出,热等静压可以明显减少疏松,使沉积坯整体致密度提高,达99.9%,热处理对γ′相的尺寸和数量有主要影响;沉积态和锻态材料都具有很好的抗晶粒长大能力;沉积态γ′相固溶温度约为1126℃。
通过对比热处理对氮气雾化和氩气雾化喷射成形GH742y合金热等静压态晶粒尺寸的影响,研究了抑制晶粒长大的主要因素,结果表明:氮气雾化组织在1250℃保温8小时也不发生粗化,极限晶粒尺寸为40μm;而氩气雾化组织与固溶温度相关性较大,极限晶粒尺寸约200μm。低于γ′相固溶温度热处理,γ′相阻碍晶粒长大;高于γ′相固溶温度热处理,弥散分布MC相阻碍晶粒长大。氮气雾化和氩气雾化热等静压态碳氮化物的体积分数、尺寸和分布的差异导致二者极限晶粒尺寸不同。Gladman方程可以估计氮气雾化沉积坯热等静压态的极限晶粒尺寸,而Zener方程可用来预测氩气雾化热等静压态的极限晶粒尺寸。
Microstructure characteristics and evolution of various states in spray formed superalloy GH742y have been investigated by using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, phase analysis.
The analysis of the microstructure characteristic of as spray formed GH742y indicates that the preform exhibits high density, fine and uniform microstructure. The mean grain size of most preform is in the range of 30～50μm. The smaller grain size in edge can be explained in term of the cooling effect of preform. A few pores, which distribute mainly in the edge and 30~50mm below the upper surface of preform, were affected by metal solidification, atomization gas and so forth. The second-phase of as spray formed GH742y consists ofγ′phase and M(C,N) richied Nb and Ti.
The study of microstructure evolution in the flowchart of spary forming process, indicates that hot isostatic pressing can eliminate the pores of sprayed formed GH742y effectively. The relative density on the vertical section of preform can as high as 99.9% after HIP. The size and amount ofγ′phase, the combination properties can be changed after heat treatment. Very little coarsening and good stability of grains in both as sprayed formed and forged preform were observed after high temperature solution treatment. Theγ′solvus temperature of spray formed GH742y is about 1126℃.
The main factors of grain growth inhibition were investigated, by conparing the influence of heat treatment on grain growth of as HIPed materials N2 atomized with that of Argon atomized alloy. The study reveals that the grain coarsening do not take place after 1250℃solution treatment for 4h and the limitingultimate grain size is abou 40μm in N2-atomized HIPed preform. However, for Ar-atomized preform, the grain size varies with the solution temperature and the limitingultimate grain size is 200μm.γ′phase inhibits grain growth by pinning grain boundary when solution treatment belowγ′solvus temperature. The dispersed MC phase restrain grain coarsening during solution treatment aboveγ′solvus temperature. The difference in volume fraction, size and distribution of carbonitride brings about the difference in limitingultimate grain size of as HIPed materials between N2 atomized and Ar atomized. Gladman equation can estimate limitingultimate grain size in HIPed preform N2 atomized. Zener equation can predict the limitingultimate grain growth in HIPed preform Ar atomized.
引文
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[7]李周.雾化沉积过程及喷射成形高温合金组织与性能的研究:[博士学位论文].北京航空材料研究院,1999
[8]田世藩,张国庆,李周、徐石斌、袁华、姚瑞平.先进航空发动机涡轮盘制造与喷射成形高温合金.航空材料及其构件成形技术研讨会文集,中国锻压协会主编.北京,2003.6
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[10]Brichnell R H.The structure and properties of nickel based superalloy produced by spray atomization deposition.Metall.Trans.,1986,17A(4):583
[11]田世藩,赵先国.国外快速凝固喷射成形技术的发展和应用.北京航空材料研究院内部资料,1998
[12]张翼飞.喷射成形GH742合金组织演化规律与高温力学性能及控制机理:[硕士学位论文].北京航空材料研究院,2002
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[14]A.Lawley, R.D.Doherty and R.G.Brooks,“Spray forming commercial products:process design and optimization”, Advanced Materials and Processing-PRICM3, edited by M.A.Imam etc.1998, 1699-1706
[15]A.G.Leatham.Spray forming: alloys, products and markets. Metal Powder Report, 1999(5):28-37
[16]毛卫民,赵新兵编,金属的再结晶与晶粒长大.北京:冶金工业出版社,1994
[17]余永宁编,金属学原理.北京:冶金工业出版社,2000
[18]D.E.Lawrynowicz , J.Wolfenstine , E.J.Lavernia.Grain growth mechanisms in a spray-formed Ni3Al/Al2O3 composite in the presence of a liquid phase.Mater Sci Eng A Struct Mater Prop Microstruct Process,1997,230(1-2):1-13
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[20]赵品,谢辅洲,孙文山主编,材料科学基础.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1999
[21]刘国勋编,金属学原理.北京:冶金工业出版社,1980
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