Pt（Ⅳ）药物与半胱氨酸作用机理及拟除虫菊酯与孔雀石绿的残留研究
摘要
铂类抗肿瘤药物一直是癌症治疗常用的抗肿瘤药物。本文对铂类抗癌药物的研发进展和铂类药物的作用机理进行了综述,并在前人研究的基础上,合成了一种新型的抗癌药物二氯二乙基黄原酸合铂,在3≤pH≤7下,用光谱法研究了其与L-半胱氨酸氧化还原反应,对其反应动力学机理进行初步探讨,提出了符合实验现象的作用机理。
在水产养殖业,人们使用孔雀石绿(MG)来控制真菌感染和寄生虫,而孔雀石绿和它的主要代谢物无色孔雀石绿(LMG)有毒性和潜在的致癌性。本文对目前孔雀石绿的检测方法作一综述,对孔雀石绿的毒性进行了概述。利用高效液相色谱配合多级质谱技术(LC-MSn)检测孔雀石绿和无色孔雀石绿,以同位素内标定量,对提取、净化、浓缩及破乳剂进行了考察。
拟虫菊酯杀虫剂是合成的除虫菊酯,具有光稳定性和广谱的杀虫性,被广泛用于水果和蔬菜杀虫防治。利用自己研发国产质谱MSpec-Q对4种拟除虫菊酯进行了检测,对仪器的检测限以及稳定性做了考察,并与热电离子阱质谱仪做了对比测定实验。
Platinum-based antitumor drugs have been predominant place in cancer treatment. Mechanism of action and development of platinum antitumor complex were reviewed in this article. A novel anti-cancer prodrug analogue PtCl2(S2COC2H5)2 was synthesized and its reduction by L-cysteine has been investigated in the rang 3≤pH≤7 using the conventional spectrophotometry. Based on theoretical calculation and experimental results, probable reaction mechanisms of oxidation are proposed, and the rate equation derived from the mechanism can explain all the experimental phenomena.
Malachite green (MG) is a triphenylmethane dye, it can be used as a topical antiseptic or to treat parasites and fungal infection in fish and fish eggs, but it was found that MG and the principle metabolite, leucomalachite green(LMG) to be toxic to hunman cells and might cause tumor formation. The toxicity and detection methods of malachite green and its metabolites were reviewed in the paper. A liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry method has been developed to simultaneously determine malachite green(MG) and leucomalachite green(LMG) in salmon muscle. Isotope-labelled LMG-D6 and MG-D6 were used as an internal standard for the quantification of LMG and MG residues. Extracting, purification, concentration and emulsion also were studied.
Pyrethroids are synthetic pyrethrins that present a high light stability and effectivity for a large spectrum of pests. Pyrethroid insecticides are widely used in fruit and vegetable crops. Determination method of pyrethroids residues by our MSpec-Q have been developed. Furthermore, we compared result of determination with Thermo Finnigan Polaris Q
在水产养殖业,人们使用孔雀石绿(MG)来控制真菌感染和寄生虫,而孔雀石绿和它的主要代谢物无色孔雀石绿(LMG)有毒性和潜在的致癌性。本文对目前孔雀石绿的检测方法作一综述,对孔雀石绿的毒性进行了概述。利用高效液相色谱配合多级质谱技术(LC-MSn)检测孔雀石绿和无色孔雀石绿,以同位素内标定量,对提取、净化、浓缩及破乳剂进行了考察。
拟虫菊酯杀虫剂是合成的除虫菊酯,具有光稳定性和广谱的杀虫性,被广泛用于水果和蔬菜杀虫防治。利用自己研发国产质谱MSpec-Q对4种拟除虫菊酯进行了检测,对仪器的检测限以及稳定性做了考察,并与热电离子阱质谱仪做了对比测定实验。
Platinum-based antitumor drugs have been predominant place in cancer treatment. Mechanism of action and development of platinum antitumor complex were reviewed in this article. A novel anti-cancer prodrug analogue PtCl2(S2COC2H5)2 was synthesized and its reduction by L-cysteine has been investigated in the rang 3≤pH≤7 using the conventional spectrophotometry. Based on theoretical calculation and experimental results, probable reaction mechanisms of oxidation are proposed, and the rate equation derived from the mechanism can explain all the experimental phenomena.
Malachite green (MG) is a triphenylmethane dye, it can be used as a topical antiseptic or to treat parasites and fungal infection in fish and fish eggs, but it was found that MG and the principle metabolite, leucomalachite green(LMG) to be toxic to hunman cells and might cause tumor formation. The toxicity and detection methods of malachite green and its metabolites were reviewed in the paper. A liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry method has been developed to simultaneously determine malachite green(MG) and leucomalachite green(LMG) in salmon muscle. Isotope-labelled LMG-D6 and MG-D6 were used as an internal standard for the quantification of LMG and MG residues. Extracting, purification, concentration and emulsion also were studied.
Pyrethroids are synthetic pyrethrins that present a high light stability and effectivity for a large spectrum of pests. Pyrethroid insecticides are widely used in fruit and vegetable crops. Determination method of pyrethroids residues by our MSpec-Q have been developed. Furthermore, we compared result of determination with Thermo Finnigan Polaris Q
引文
[1]郭建阳,郑念耿,铂类金属抗癌药物的研发进展[J].贵州大学学报(自然科学版),2003,20(2)：209-214
[2]胡桂香,张金超,唐婷等,非经典铂类抗癌配合物的进展近况[J].化学研究与应用,1999,11(3)：235-240
[3]王彦美,韩杰,周绍兵等,铂抗癌药物进展[J].合成化学,2003,11(1)：27-31
[4]钱延龙,陈新滋主编,金属有机化学与催化[M].北京：化学工业出版社,1997,889-891
[5]Barefoot R R, Speciation of platinum compounds:a review of recent applications in studies of platinum anticancer drug[J]. Journal of Chromatography B,2001,751:205-211
[6]Mckeage M J, Raynaud F, Ward J et al, Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of an oral platinum complex given daily for 5 days in patients with cancer[J]. J. Clin. Oncol.1997,15(7):2691-2700
[7]Gordon M, Hollander S, Review of platinum anticancer compounds[J]. J. Med.,1993,24:209-265
[8]承勇,反式构型铂配合物抗癌药物研究进展[J].中国药物化学杂志,2000,10(2)：152-156
[9]刘雪霆,解永树,徐小龙等,反式构型抗癌铂配合物的研究进展[J].自然科学进展,2002,12(7)：673-677
[10]Kharatishvili M, Mathieson M, Farrell N, Effects of quinoline as ligand in binding of mononuclear platinum complexes to DNA[J]. Inorg. Chim. Acta.,1997,255:1-6
[11]Coluccia M, Nassi A, Loseto F, A trans-platinum complex showing higher antitumor activity than the cis congeners[J]. J. Med. Chem.,1993,36:510-512
[12]Kelland L R, Bamard C F J, Evans IG, Synthesis and in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of a series of trans platinum antitumor complexes[J]. J. Med. Chem.,1995,38:3016-3024
[13]郭今心,孙思修,王慧才,抗肿瘤铂配合物的研究进展[J].无机化学学报,2002,18(2)：125-130
[14]Nibholas F, Donna M K, Wendy S et al, Chemical properties and antitumor activity of complexes of platinum containing substituted sulfoxides [PtCl(R'R"SO)(diamine)]NO3 chirality and leaving-group ability of sulfoxide affecting biological activity[J]. Inorg. Chem.,1990,29(3):397-403
[15]Shamsuddin S, Salaam A B, Zahid H S et al, Synthesis and antitumor activity of new trans-1R, 2R-diaminocyclohexaneplatinum(Ⅱ) complexes containing disubstituted sulfide groups[J]. Inorganica Chimica Acta.,1996,241(2):101-104
[16]Elizabeth T M, Hemanta B, Jaroslaw K, Design, synthesis, and biological activity of a novel non-cisplatin-type platinum-acridine pharmacophore[J]. J. Med. Chem.,2001,44(25):4492-4496
[17]Cheryl S, Michael S, Datt S O et al, Chiral and achiral platinum(Ⅱ) complexes for potential use as chemotherapeutic agents:crystal and molecular structures of cis-[Pt(L)2] and [Pt(L)Cl(MPSO)][J]. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans.,2000,5:727-733
[18]William H, Louise J M, Brian K. N, Synthesis and biological activity of platinum (Ⅱ) and palladium(Ⅱ) thiosalicylate complexes with mixed ancillary donor ligands[J]. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans.,2000,16: 2753-2760
[19]Amtmann E, Zoller M, Antitumoral activity of a sulfur-containing platinum complex with an acidic pH optimum[J]. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol.,2001,47:461-466
[20]Murray S, Davies, Donald S T, Kinetic and equilibria studies of the aquation of the trinuclear platinum Phase Ⅱ anticancer agent [{trans-PtCl(NH3)2}2{trans-Pt(NH3)2(NH2(CH2)6NH2)2}]4+(BBR3464)[J]. Inorg. Chem.,2002,41(5):1101-1109
[21]Beusichem M V, Farrell N, Activation of the trans geometry in platinum antitumor complexes. Synthesis, characterization, and biological acticity of complexes with the planar ligands pyridine, N-methylimidazole, thiazole, and quinoline, crystal and molecular structure of trans-dichlorobis(th-iazole) platinum(Ⅱ)[J]. Inorg. Chem.,1992,31:634-639
[22]Eastman A, Schulte N, Enhanced DNA repair as a mechanism of resistance to cis-DDP(Ⅱ)[J]. Biochemistry,1988,27:4730-4734
[23]Kelemu L, Tiesheng S, Lars IE, Kinetics and mechanism for reduction of the anticancer prodrug trans, trans, frans-[PtCl2(OH)2(c-C6H11NH2)] (JM335) by thiols[J]. Inorg. Chem.,2000,39:1728-1734
[24]Matthew D H, Trevor W H, Platinum(Ⅳ) antitumour compounds:their bioinorganic chemistry[J]. Coord. Chem. Rev.,2002,232:49-67
[25]Tiesheng S, Johan B, Lars IE, Kinetics and mechanism for reduction of trans-dichlorotetracyanoplati-nate(Ⅳ) by thioglycolic acid, L-cysteine, DL-penicillamine, and glutathione in aqueous solution[J]. Inorg. Chem.,1996,35:3498-3503
[26]Pongchan C, Fanchiang Y T, Kinetics and mechanisms of the reduction of trans-dihalogeno- tetracyanoplatinate(Ⅳ) complexes by Inorganic anion[J]. Inorg. Chem.,1985,24:3532-3534
[27]Tiesheng S, Lars I. E, Kinetics and mechanism for reduction of trans-dichlorotetracyanoplatinate(Ⅳ) by tetraammineplatinum(Ⅱ) and bis-(ethylenediamine) platinum(Ⅱ)[J]. Inorg. Chem. Acta.,1998,282: 55-60
[28]Lise D, Lars IE, Mechanisms for acceleration of halide anation reactions of platinum(Ⅳ) complexes REOA versus ligand assistance and platinum(Ⅱ) catalysis without central ion exchange[J]. Inorg. Chem. Acta.,1986,121:175-183
[29]Sunhee C, Livia V, Yuri C L, Importance of Platinum(Ⅱ)-assisted platinum(Ⅳ) substitution for the oxidation of guanosine derivatives by platinum(Ⅳ) complexes[J]. Inorganic Chemistry,2008,47: 1352-1360
[30]Rathindra N B, Evelyne L W, A long-lived ascorbate radical in the platinum(Ⅱ) catalysed reductions of platinum(IV) antitumor drugs[J]. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans.,1997,1797-1799
[31]翟毓秀,张翠,宁劲松等,水产品中的孔雀石绿残留及研究概况[J].海洋水产研究,2007,28(1)： 101-108
[32]杨先乐,喻文娟,王民权等,对孔雀石绿的禁用及思考[J].水产科技情报,2005,32(5)：210-213
[33]Sandra J C, Lonnie R B, Donna F K et al, Toxicity and metabolism of malachite green and leucomalachite green during short-term feeding to Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice[J]. Chemico-Biological Interactions,1999,122(3):153-170
[34]Rao K V K., Inhibition of DNA synthesis in primary rat hepatocyte cultures by malachite green:a new liver tumor promoter[J]. Toxicology Letters,1995,81(2-3):107-113
[35]Daniel R D, Mona 1 C, Theresa A G et al, Analysis of malachite green and metabolites in fish using liquid chromatography atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry[J]. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry,1998,12(21):1625-1634
[36]Monisha S, Aaron Z F, Gosukonda S, et al, Overexpression of G1/S cyclins and PCNA and their relationship to tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation during tumor promotion by metanil yellow and malachite green[J], Toxicology Letters,2000,116(1-2):119-130
[37]Geraldine D, Patrick P, Mulder, et al, Confirmatory analysis of malachite green, leucomalachite green, crystal violet and leucocrystal violet in salmon by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Analytical Chimica Acta.,2007,586:411-419
[38]Peter S, Aldert A. Bergwerff. Determination of residues of malachite green in finfish by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Analytical Chimica Acta,2005,529:173-177
[39]金雁,刘宁,姚家彪等,高效液相色谱法测定水产品中孔雀石绿和隐色孔雀石绿残留量[J].现代仪器,2006,3：52-54
[40]邱绪建,林洪,江洁,渔药孔雀石绿及其关联化合物检测方法研究进展[J].海洋水产研究,2005,26(2)：92-96
[41]刘军,胡华军,张明洲等,渔药孔雀石绿的毒性、危害和检测现状[J].浙江农业学报,2006,18(5)：397-340
[42]郭德华,叶长淋,朱莹洁,液相色谱测定鳗鱼中的孔雀石绿[J].化学分析计量,2002,11(2)：20-21
[43]李卫丽,高效液相色谱法测定水产品中的孔雀石绿及其代谢产物[J].畜牧兽医科技信息,2006,4：27-28
[44]Hajee C A J, Haagma N, Simultaneous determination of malachite green and its metabolite leucomalachite green in eel plasma using post-column oxidation[J]. J. Chromatography B.,1995,699: 219-227
[45]林洪,李兆新,王联珠,SC/T3021-2004水产品中孔雀石绿残留量的测定液相色谱法[S].中华人民共和国水产行业标准
[46]贾东芬,张顺和,张维,SN／T1768-2006水产品中孔雀石绿和结晶紫残留量的快速测定方法[S].中华人民共和国出入境检验检疫行业标准
[47]Kamila M, Andezej P, Detemination of malachite and its metabolite, leucomalachite green, in fish muscle by liquid chromatography[J]. Bull. Vet. Inst. Pulawy,2004,48:173-176
[48]郭德华,施冰,杨惠琴,GB／T19857-2005水产品中孔雀石绿和结晶紫残留量的测定[S].中华人民共和国国家标准
[49]Luis V, Cecilia D, Antonio L, Zanocco et al, Determination of the sum of malachite green and leucomalachite green in salmon muscle by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Chromatography A,2005,1067(1-2):101-105
[50]郑斌,赵红萍,冷凯良,GB／T20361-2006水产品中孔雀石绿和结晶紫残留量的检测[S].中华
人民共和国国家标准
[51]Lee K C, Wu J L, Cai Z, Determination of malachite green and leucomal-achite green in edible goldfish muscle by liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Chromatography B,2006,843:247-251
[52]Luis V, Cecilia D, Antonio L Z et al, Determination of the sum of malachite green and leucomalachite green in salmon muscle by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation-mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Chromatography A,2005,1067:101-105
[53]张玉黔,权伍英,栾燕,液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水产品中孔雀石绿及其代谢产物隐性孔雀石绿的方法研究[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2006,16(7)：826-827
[54]谢文,丁慧瑛,奚君阳,水产品中孔雀石绿、结晶紫及其代谢产物残留量的检测[J].色谱,2006,24(5)：529-530
[55]Kirsi H, Erja L, Kimmo Pn. A confirmatory analysis of malachite green residues in rainbow trout with liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Chromatography B, 2007,845:74-79
[56]刘海新,张农,钱卓真,水产品中孔雀石绿检测方法研究进展[J].福建水产,2007,112：41-45
[57]韩文念,徐国宾,高艳艳,现场便携质谱技术研究进展[J].质谱学报,2007,28(4)：242-252
[58]唐明,赵静,从福寿螺事件,看我国食品安全问题[J].中外企业文化,2007,8：19-20
[59]汪林义,温岭毒猪油事件说明了什么[J].中国牧业通讯,2007,5：50-51
[60]王志振,食品安全,谁来为我们把关[J].中国食品,2007,6：22-23
[61]王其冬,丁传凡,贺赛龙等,中国小型质谱仪的市场需求和产业发展分析[J].质谱学报,2007,20(4)：538-541
[62]蒋公羽,罗婵,姜丹等,高阶场效应对四级质谱性能的影响[J].质谱学报,2006,27：190-191
[63]温丽华,李海洋,牛冬梅等,峰形模拟在纳秒强激光电离典甲烷团簇质谱中离子来源分析的应用[J].质谱学报,2006,27(1)：6-10
[64]邵士勇,肖雪,李海洋,纳秒强激光中乙腈团簇增强的高价电离及其波长效应[J].质谱学报,2007,28(3)：129-135
[65]丁军平,刘学博,袁修干等,小型十六极阵列质谱计的研究现状及前景[J].质谱学报,2001,22(3)： 29-35
[66]丁军平,刘学博,袁修干等,镶嵌式小型十六极阵列质谱计分析器的研制[J].质谱学报,2004,25(1)：1-5
[67]Chu X, Hu X, Yao H, Determination of 266 pesticide residues in apple juice by matrix solid-phase dispersion and gas chromatogr-aphy-mass selective detection[J]. Journal of Chromatography A,2005, 1063:201-210
[68]郑亚辉,串联质谱技术在食品安全分析中的应用[J].现代科学仪器,2006,1：32-35
[69]刘莉,最新发现与创新：我首台质谱联用仪器研制成功[N].科技日报,2007-05-24
[70]Badreldin H, AliMansour S, Moundhri A, Agents ameliorating or augmenting the nephro-toxicity of cisplatin and other platinum compounds:A review of some recent research[J]. Food and Chemical Toxicology,2006,44:1173-1183
[71]Peter J S, Guo Z, Metal complexes in medicine:design and mechanism of action[J]. Pure & Appl.Chem.,1998,70:863-871
[72]Ernest W, Christen M, Giandomenico, Current status of platinum-based antitumor drugs[J]. Chem. Rev.,1999,99:2451-2466
[73]Raynaud F I, Mistry P, Donaghue A et al, Biotransformation of the platinum drug JM216 following oral adminis-tration to cancer patients[J]. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol.,1996,36:155-162
[74]P. Beale, F. Raynaud, J.Hanwell, C. Berry, S. Moore, D.Odell,I,Judson. Phase Ⅰ study of oral JM216 given twice daily[J]. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol.,1998,42:142-148.
[75]Mark D D, Mark J R, Nicholas J et al, A phase Ⅰ study of oral uracil/ftorafur (UFT) plus leucovorin and bis-acetato-ammine-dichloro-cyclohe-xylamine-platinum Ⅳ (JM216) each given over 14 days every 28 days [J]. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol.,1999,43:385-388
[76]Wolfgang F, Gerhard S, Margot Z et al, Synthesis and structure activity relationship of novel antitumoral platinum xanthate complexes[J]. J. Med. Chem.,2004,47:2256-2263
[77]Salaam A B, Jean F V, James C et al, Synthesis and structure of dinuclear complexes of platinum(1V) having cis-diamine geometry[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,1986,108:5643-5644
[78]Lloyd R K, Christopher F J B, Iona G E, et al, Synthesis and in vitro and in vivo antitum or activity of a series of trans platinum antitumor complexes[J]. J. Med. Chem.1995,38:3016-3024
[79]Novakova O, Vrana O, Kiseleva V et al, DNA interactions of antitumor platinum(Ⅳ) complexes[J]. Eur. J. Biochem.,1995,228:616-624
[80]Ensafi A A, Behyan S, Sensing of L-cysteine at glassy carbon electrode using Nile blue A as a mediator[J]. Sens. Actuator B,2007,122(1):282-288
[2]胡桂香,张金超,唐婷等,非经典铂类抗癌配合物的进展近况[J].化学研究与应用,1999,11(3)：235-240
[3]王彦美,韩杰,周绍兵等,铂抗癌药物进展[J].合成化学,2003,11(1)：27-31
[4]钱延龙,陈新滋主编,金属有机化学与催化[M].北京：化学工业出版社,1997,889-891
[5]Barefoot R R, Speciation of platinum compounds:a review of recent applications in studies of platinum anticancer drug[J]. Journal of Chromatography B,2001,751:205-211
[6]Mckeage M J, Raynaud F, Ward J et al, Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of an oral platinum complex given daily for 5 days in patients with cancer[J]. J. Clin. Oncol.1997,15(7):2691-2700
[7]Gordon M, Hollander S, Review of platinum anticancer compounds[J]. J. Med.,1993,24:209-265
[8]承勇,反式构型铂配合物抗癌药物研究进展[J].中国药物化学杂志,2000,10(2)：152-156
[9]刘雪霆,解永树,徐小龙等,反式构型抗癌铂配合物的研究进展[J].自然科学进展,2002,12(7)：673-677
[10]Kharatishvili M, Mathieson M, Farrell N, Effects of quinoline as ligand in binding of mononuclear platinum complexes to DNA[J]. Inorg. Chim. Acta.,1997,255:1-6
[11]Coluccia M, Nassi A, Loseto F, A trans-platinum complex showing higher antitumor activity than the cis congeners[J]. J. Med. Chem.,1993,36:510-512
[12]Kelland L R, Bamard C F J, Evans IG, Synthesis and in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of a series of trans platinum antitumor complexes[J]. J. Med. Chem.,1995,38:3016-3024
[13]郭今心,孙思修,王慧才,抗肿瘤铂配合物的研究进展[J].无机化学学报,2002,18(2)：125-130
[14]Nibholas F, Donna M K, Wendy S et al, Chemical properties and antitumor activity of complexes of platinum containing substituted sulfoxides [PtCl(R'R"SO)(diamine)]NO3 chirality and leaving-group ability of sulfoxide affecting biological activity[J]. Inorg. Chem.,1990,29(3):397-403
[15]Shamsuddin S, Salaam A B, Zahid H S et al, Synthesis and antitumor activity of new trans-1R, 2R-diaminocyclohexaneplatinum(Ⅱ) complexes containing disubstituted sulfide groups[J]. Inorganica Chimica Acta.,1996,241(2):101-104
[16]Elizabeth T M, Hemanta B, Jaroslaw K, Design, synthesis, and biological activity of a novel non-cisplatin-type platinum-acridine pharmacophore[J]. J. Med. Chem.,2001,44(25):4492-4496
[17]Cheryl S, Michael S, Datt S O et al, Chiral and achiral platinum(Ⅱ) complexes for potential use as chemotherapeutic agents:crystal and molecular structures of cis-[Pt(L)2] and [Pt(L)Cl(MPSO)][J]. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans.,2000,5:727-733
[18]William H, Louise J M, Brian K. N, Synthesis and biological activity of platinum (Ⅱ) and palladium(Ⅱ) thiosalicylate complexes with mixed ancillary donor ligands[J]. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans.,2000,16: 2753-2760
[19]Amtmann E, Zoller M, Antitumoral activity of a sulfur-containing platinum complex with an acidic pH optimum[J]. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol.,2001,47:461-466
[20]Murray S, Davies, Donald S T, Kinetic and equilibria studies of the aquation of the trinuclear platinum Phase Ⅱ anticancer agent [{trans-PtCl(NH3)2}2{trans-Pt(NH3)2(NH2(CH2)6NH2)2}]4+(BBR3464)[J]. Inorg. Chem.,2002,41(5):1101-1109
[21]Beusichem M V, Farrell N, Activation of the trans geometry in platinum antitumor complexes. Synthesis, characterization, and biological acticity of complexes with the planar ligands pyridine, N-methylimidazole, thiazole, and quinoline, crystal and molecular structure of trans-dichlorobis(th-iazole) platinum(Ⅱ)[J]. Inorg. Chem.,1992,31:634-639
[22]Eastman A, Schulte N, Enhanced DNA repair as a mechanism of resistance to cis-DDP(Ⅱ)[J]. Biochemistry,1988,27:4730-4734
[23]Kelemu L, Tiesheng S, Lars IE, Kinetics and mechanism for reduction of the anticancer prodrug trans, trans, frans-[PtCl2(OH)2(c-C6H11NH2)] (JM335) by thiols[J]. Inorg. Chem.,2000,39:1728-1734
[24]Matthew D H, Trevor W H, Platinum(Ⅳ) antitumour compounds:their bioinorganic chemistry[J]. Coord. Chem. Rev.,2002,232:49-67
[25]Tiesheng S, Johan B, Lars IE, Kinetics and mechanism for reduction of trans-dichlorotetracyanoplati-nate(Ⅳ) by thioglycolic acid, L-cysteine, DL-penicillamine, and glutathione in aqueous solution[J]. Inorg. Chem.,1996,35:3498-3503
[26]Pongchan C, Fanchiang Y T, Kinetics and mechanisms of the reduction of trans-dihalogeno- tetracyanoplatinate(Ⅳ) complexes by Inorganic anion[J]. Inorg. Chem.,1985,24:3532-3534
[27]Tiesheng S, Lars I. E, Kinetics and mechanism for reduction of trans-dichlorotetracyanoplatinate(Ⅳ) by tetraammineplatinum(Ⅱ) and bis-(ethylenediamine) platinum(Ⅱ)[J]. Inorg. Chem. Acta.,1998,282: 55-60
[28]Lise D, Lars IE, Mechanisms for acceleration of halide anation reactions of platinum(Ⅳ) complexes REOA versus ligand assistance and platinum(Ⅱ) catalysis without central ion exchange[J]. Inorg. Chem. Acta.,1986,121:175-183
[29]Sunhee C, Livia V, Yuri C L, Importance of Platinum(Ⅱ)-assisted platinum(Ⅳ) substitution for the oxidation of guanosine derivatives by platinum(Ⅳ) complexes[J]. Inorganic Chemistry,2008,47: 1352-1360
[30]Rathindra N B, Evelyne L W, A long-lived ascorbate radical in the platinum(Ⅱ) catalysed reductions of platinum(IV) antitumor drugs[J]. J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans.,1997,1797-1799
[31]翟毓秀,张翠,宁劲松等,水产品中的孔雀石绿残留及研究概况[J].海洋水产研究,2007,28(1)： 101-108
[32]杨先乐,喻文娟,王民权等,对孔雀石绿的禁用及思考[J].水产科技情报,2005,32(5)：210-213
[33]Sandra J C, Lonnie R B, Donna F K et al, Toxicity and metabolism of malachite green and leucomalachite green during short-term feeding to Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice[J]. Chemico-Biological Interactions,1999,122(3):153-170
[34]Rao K V K., Inhibition of DNA synthesis in primary rat hepatocyte cultures by malachite green:a new liver tumor promoter[J]. Toxicology Letters,1995,81(2-3):107-113
[35]Daniel R D, Mona 1 C, Theresa A G et al, Analysis of malachite green and metabolites in fish using liquid chromatography atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry[J]. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry,1998,12(21):1625-1634
[36]Monisha S, Aaron Z F, Gosukonda S, et al, Overexpression of G1/S cyclins and PCNA and their relationship to tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation during tumor promotion by metanil yellow and malachite green[J], Toxicology Letters,2000,116(1-2):119-130
[37]Geraldine D, Patrick P, Mulder, et al, Confirmatory analysis of malachite green, leucomalachite green, crystal violet and leucocrystal violet in salmon by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Analytical Chimica Acta.,2007,586:411-419
[38]Peter S, Aldert A. Bergwerff. Determination of residues of malachite green in finfish by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Analytical Chimica Acta,2005,529:173-177
[39]金雁,刘宁,姚家彪等,高效液相色谱法测定水产品中孔雀石绿和隐色孔雀石绿残留量[J].现代仪器,2006,3：52-54
[40]邱绪建,林洪,江洁,渔药孔雀石绿及其关联化合物检测方法研究进展[J].海洋水产研究,2005,26(2)：92-96
[41]刘军,胡华军,张明洲等,渔药孔雀石绿的毒性、危害和检测现状[J].浙江农业学报,2006,18(5)：397-340
[42]郭德华,叶长淋,朱莹洁,液相色谱测定鳗鱼中的孔雀石绿[J].化学分析计量,2002,11(2)：20-21
[43]李卫丽,高效液相色谱法测定水产品中的孔雀石绿及其代谢产物[J].畜牧兽医科技信息,2006,4：27-28
[44]Hajee C A J, Haagma N, Simultaneous determination of malachite green and its metabolite leucomalachite green in eel plasma using post-column oxidation[J]. J. Chromatography B.,1995,699: 219-227
[45]林洪,李兆新,王联珠,SC/T3021-2004水产品中孔雀石绿残留量的测定液相色谱法[S].中华人民共和国水产行业标准
[46]贾东芬,张顺和,张维,SN／T1768-2006水产品中孔雀石绿和结晶紫残留量的快速测定方法[S].中华人民共和国出入境检验检疫行业标准
[47]Kamila M, Andezej P, Detemination of malachite and its metabolite, leucomalachite green, in fish muscle by liquid chromatography[J]. Bull. Vet. Inst. Pulawy,2004,48:173-176
[48]郭德华,施冰,杨惠琴,GB／T19857-2005水产品中孔雀石绿和结晶紫残留量的测定[S].中华人民共和国国家标准
[49]Luis V, Cecilia D, Antonio L, Zanocco et al, Determination of the sum of malachite green and leucomalachite green in salmon muscle by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Chromatography A,2005,1067(1-2):101-105
[50]郑斌,赵红萍,冷凯良,GB／T20361-2006水产品中孔雀石绿和结晶紫残留量的检测[S].中华
人民共和国国家标准
[51]Lee K C, Wu J L, Cai Z, Determination of malachite green and leucomal-achite green in edible goldfish muscle by liquid chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Chromatography B,2006,843:247-251
[52]Luis V, Cecilia D, Antonio L Z et al, Determination of the sum of malachite green and leucomalachite green in salmon muscle by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation-mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Chromatography A,2005,1067:101-105
[53]张玉黔,权伍英,栾燕,液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水产品中孔雀石绿及其代谢产物隐性孔雀石绿的方法研究[J].中国卫生检验杂志,2006,16(7)：826-827
[54]谢文,丁慧瑛,奚君阳,水产品中孔雀石绿、结晶紫及其代谢产物残留量的检测[J].色谱,2006,24(5)：529-530
[55]Kirsi H, Erja L, Kimmo Pn. A confirmatory analysis of malachite green residues in rainbow trout with liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Chromatography B, 2007,845:74-79
[56]刘海新,张农,钱卓真,水产品中孔雀石绿检测方法研究进展[J].福建水产,2007,112：41-45
[57]韩文念,徐国宾,高艳艳,现场便携质谱技术研究进展[J].质谱学报,2007,28(4)：242-252
[58]唐明,赵静,从福寿螺事件,看我国食品安全问题[J].中外企业文化,2007,8：19-20
[59]汪林义,温岭毒猪油事件说明了什么[J].中国牧业通讯,2007,5：50-51
[60]王志振,食品安全,谁来为我们把关[J].中国食品,2007,6：22-23
[61]王其冬,丁传凡,贺赛龙等,中国小型质谱仪的市场需求和产业发展分析[J].质谱学报,2007,20(4)：538-541
[62]蒋公羽,罗婵,姜丹等,高阶场效应对四级质谱性能的影响[J].质谱学报,2006,27：190-191
[63]温丽华,李海洋,牛冬梅等,峰形模拟在纳秒强激光电离典甲烷团簇质谱中离子来源分析的应用[J].质谱学报,2006,27(1)：6-10
[64]邵士勇,肖雪,李海洋,纳秒强激光中乙腈团簇增强的高价电离及其波长效应[J].质谱学报,2007,28(3)：129-135
[65]丁军平,刘学博,袁修干等,小型十六极阵列质谱计的研究现状及前景[J].质谱学报,2001,22(3)： 29-35
[66]丁军平,刘学博,袁修干等,镶嵌式小型十六极阵列质谱计分析器的研制[J].质谱学报,2004,25(1)：1-5
[67]Chu X, Hu X, Yao H, Determination of 266 pesticide residues in apple juice by matrix solid-phase dispersion and gas chromatogr-aphy-mass selective detection[J]. Journal of Chromatography A,2005, 1063:201-210
[68]郑亚辉,串联质谱技术在食品安全分析中的应用[J].现代科学仪器,2006,1：32-35
[69]刘莉,最新发现与创新：我首台质谱联用仪器研制成功[N].科技日报,2007-05-24
[70]Badreldin H, AliMansour S, Moundhri A, Agents ameliorating or augmenting the nephro-toxicity of cisplatin and other platinum compounds:A review of some recent research[J]. Food and Chemical Toxicology,2006,44:1173-1183
[71]Peter J S, Guo Z, Metal complexes in medicine:design and mechanism of action[J]. Pure & Appl.Chem.,1998,70:863-871
[72]Ernest W, Christen M, Giandomenico, Current status of platinum-based antitumor drugs[J]. Chem. Rev.,1999,99:2451-2466
[73]Raynaud F I, Mistry P, Donaghue A et al, Biotransformation of the platinum drug JM216 following oral adminis-tration to cancer patients[J]. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol.,1996,36:155-162
[74]P. Beale, F. Raynaud, J.Hanwell, C. Berry, S. Moore, D.Odell,I,Judson. Phase Ⅰ study of oral JM216 given twice daily[J]. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol.,1998,42:142-148.
[75]Mark D D, Mark J R, Nicholas J et al, A phase Ⅰ study of oral uracil/ftorafur (UFT) plus leucovorin and bis-acetato-ammine-dichloro-cyclohe-xylamine-platinum Ⅳ (JM216) each given over 14 days every 28 days [J]. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol.,1999,43:385-388
[76]Wolfgang F, Gerhard S, Margot Z et al, Synthesis and structure activity relationship of novel antitumoral platinum xanthate complexes[J]. J. Med. Chem.,2004,47:2256-2263
[77]Salaam A B, Jean F V, James C et al, Synthesis and structure of dinuclear complexes of platinum(1V) having cis-diamine geometry[J]. J. Am. Chem. Soc.,1986,108:5643-5644
[78]Lloyd R K, Christopher F J B, Iona G E, et al, Synthesis and in vitro and in vivo antitum or activity of a series of trans platinum antitumor complexes[J]. J. Med. Chem.1995,38:3016-3024
[79]Novakova O, Vrana O, Kiseleva V et al, DNA interactions of antitumor platinum(Ⅳ) complexes[J]. Eur. J. Biochem.,1995,228:616-624
[80]Ensafi A A, Behyan S, Sensing of L-cysteine at glassy carbon electrode using Nile blue A as a mediator[J]. Sens. Actuator B,2007,122(1):282-288