小口白甲鱼核型及mtDNA多样性研究
摘要
小口白甲鱼(Onychostoma lini)属于鲤形目(Cypriniformes)鲤科(Cyprinidae)鲃亚科(Barbinae)白甲鱼属(Onychostoma),主要分布于沅江水系、珠江水系、汀江和九龙江等水系。多年来,其种群数量日趋减少,种质资源正濒临消失的危险,现已被列为易危鱼类。小口白甲鱼在贵州主要分布在隶属于沅江水系的清水江和隶属于珠江水系的都柳江,是当地的名贵经济鱼类。到目前为止,有关小口白甲鱼的研究资料仅限于其形态、分类、分布等方面,其他研究尚未见报道。
本文以小口白甲鱼为材料,对其染色体核型和线粒体DNAD-loop区序列分析进行研究。主要结果如下:
通过对小口白甲鱼进行核型分析,发现小口白甲鱼核型公式为2n=50,12m+8sm+4st+26t,染色体臂数为NF=70,未发现异型染色体、随体染色体和次缢痕。通过计算染色体的相对长度,发现小口白甲鱼的染色体相对长度在6.429±0.39与2.320±0.06之间,两相邻的染色体的相对长度差异不大。比较了小口白甲鱼的核型与其它白甲鱼类核型,发现它们的二倍染色体数(2n)均为50,小口白甲鱼的进化程度最低,是原始类型。在对小口白甲鱼进行资源保护时要加强遗传多样性的保护。
采用PCR结合DNA测序技术测定分析了小口白甲鱼36尾个体mtDNAD环约470bp序列的变异及遗传多样性。结果表明,在36尾个体中,该序列的长度存在变异,变化幅度为469bp～475bp。该序列的碱基组成为A+T含量(68.4%)高于G+C含量(31.6%)。共检测到25个变异位点,其中转换19个,颠换6个。核苷酸多样性(π)为0.00575,平均核苷酸差异数(K)为2.695。36尾个体分属5个单倍型,单倍型间的平均遗传距离(P)为0.026。5个单倍型构建的UPGMA系统树和NJ系统树形成2个分支。目前小口白甲鱼mtDNAD环序列存在着较丰富的多样性。
Onychostoma lini belongs to Onychostoma,Cyprinidae and Cypriniformes which is distributed in the Pearl River system,Yuanjiang,Dingjiang river and Jiulong River.Onychostoma lini has been listed as vulnerable fish and its population is decreasing,and germplasm resources are facing the danger of disappearing.In Guizhou,it is mainly distributed in the Qingjiang river which belonging to Yuanjiang water system and the Dujiang river which belonging to the Pearl River water system,.Onychostoma lini is locally rare fish.So far,the research material is limited to its shape,classification,distribution,and other aspects of research haven't been seen in report.
Karyotype and mitochondria DNA D-loop sequence in the Onychostoma lini were analysised.The main results are show as follows:
Over the analysising,we found that the karyotype formula is 2n=50, 12m+8sm+4st+26 and NF=70 without heterotypical chromosomes,satellited chromosomes and secondary constriction.By the calculatingning of the relative length,chromosomes relative length is between 6.429±0.39 and 2.320±0.06,which shows that the relative length of the two adjacent chromosome have little difference. Compared with the karyotype of other species in the genus Onychostoma,we can find the number of their diploid(2n)chromosome all are 50 and Onychostoma lini which belongs to the original type has the lowest evolution degree.We should strengthen the protection of genetic diversity while protecting its resources.
To evaluate the genetic diversity of the population of Onychostoma lini,the sequence variation of mtDNA D-loop of the population is studied for the first time on the basis of determination of about 470 bp sequences of mtDNA D-loop in the 36 individuals of the species,by the methods of PCR and DNA sequencing.The results show that the length of the determined sequence in the 36 individuals of the species varies from 469 to 475 bp,the content of bases A and T(68.4%)is more than that of bases G and C(31.6%)in the sequence.A total of 25 variable loci,including 19 transitions and 6 transversions,are detected in the sequence of the population.The nucleotide diversity(π)of the 36 individuals is 0.00575,and the average number of nucleotide diffences(K)of them is 2.695.The 36 individuals belong to 5 haplotypes respectively according to the determined sequences.The average genetic distance(P) between the haplotypes of the species is 0.026.The UPGMA and NJ phylogenetic tree of the 5 haplotypes comprise 2 branches.The population of Onychostoma lini includes abundant variation in mtDNA D-ioop sequence and high genetic diversity, and will play an important role in the conservation and recovery of the species.
本文以小口白甲鱼为材料,对其染色体核型和线粒体DNAD-loop区序列分析进行研究。主要结果如下:
通过对小口白甲鱼进行核型分析,发现小口白甲鱼核型公式为2n=50,12m+8sm+4st+26t,染色体臂数为NF=70,未发现异型染色体、随体染色体和次缢痕。通过计算染色体的相对长度,发现小口白甲鱼的染色体相对长度在6.429±0.39与2.320±0.06之间,两相邻的染色体的相对长度差异不大。比较了小口白甲鱼的核型与其它白甲鱼类核型,发现它们的二倍染色体数(2n)均为50,小口白甲鱼的进化程度最低,是原始类型。在对小口白甲鱼进行资源保护时要加强遗传多样性的保护。
采用PCR结合DNA测序技术测定分析了小口白甲鱼36尾个体mtDNAD环约470bp序列的变异及遗传多样性。结果表明,在36尾个体中,该序列的长度存在变异,变化幅度为469bp～475bp。该序列的碱基组成为A+T含量(68.4%)高于G+C含量(31.6%)。共检测到25个变异位点,其中转换19个,颠换6个。核苷酸多样性(π)为0.00575,平均核苷酸差异数(K)为2.695。36尾个体分属5个单倍型,单倍型间的平均遗传距离(P)为0.026。5个单倍型构建的UPGMA系统树和NJ系统树形成2个分支。目前小口白甲鱼mtDNAD环序列存在着较丰富的多样性。
Onychostoma lini belongs to Onychostoma,Cyprinidae and Cypriniformes which is distributed in the Pearl River system,Yuanjiang,Dingjiang river and Jiulong River.Onychostoma lini has been listed as vulnerable fish and its population is decreasing,and germplasm resources are facing the danger of disappearing.In Guizhou,it is mainly distributed in the Qingjiang river which belonging to Yuanjiang water system and the Dujiang river which belonging to the Pearl River water system,.Onychostoma lini is locally rare fish.So far,the research material is limited to its shape,classification,distribution,and other aspects of research haven't been seen in report.
Karyotype and mitochondria DNA D-loop sequence in the Onychostoma lini were analysised.The main results are show as follows:
Over the analysising,we found that the karyotype formula is 2n=50, 12m+8sm+4st+26 and NF=70 without heterotypical chromosomes,satellited chromosomes and secondary constriction.By the calculatingning of the relative length,chromosomes relative length is between 6.429±0.39 and 2.320±0.06,which shows that the relative length of the two adjacent chromosome have little difference. Compared with the karyotype of other species in the genus Onychostoma,we can find the number of their diploid(2n)chromosome all are 50 and Onychostoma lini which belongs to the original type has the lowest evolution degree.We should strengthen the protection of genetic diversity while protecting its resources.
To evaluate the genetic diversity of the population of Onychostoma lini,the sequence variation of mtDNA D-loop of the population is studied for the first time on the basis of determination of about 470 bp sequences of mtDNA D-loop in the 36 individuals of the species,by the methods of PCR and DNA sequencing.The results show that the length of the determined sequence in the 36 individuals of the species varies from 469 to 475 bp,the content of bases A and T(68.4%)is more than that of bases G and C(31.6%)in the sequence.A total of 25 variable loci,including 19 transitions and 6 transversions,are detected in the sequence of the population.The nucleotide diversity(π)of the 36 individuals is 0.00575,and the average number of nucleotide diffences(K)of them is 2.695.The 36 individuals belong to 5 haplotypes respectively according to the determined sequences.The average genetic distance(P) between the haplotypes of the species is 0.026.The UPGMA and NJ phylogenetic tree of the 5 haplotypes comprise 2 branches.The population of Onychostoma lini includes abundant variation in mtDNA D-ioop sequence and high genetic diversity, and will play an important role in the conservation and recovery of the species.
引文
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