IR-UWB无线通信系统信道估计
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摘要
近年来,脉冲超宽带(IR-UWB)由于具有传输速率高、系统容量大、抗多径能力强等优点,受到了各研究机构和标准化组织的广泛关注。但是由密集多径信道产生的信号能量扩展造成的多径干扰,使信号产生严重的失真和波形展宽并导致信息波形重叠,将会引起躁声增强和误码率上升,制约了超宽带无线通信系统的性能。
本文通过分析UWB信道估计技术的现在和亟待解决的问题。根据给出的脉冲UWB系统基本原理与信道模型,分析了超宽带宽信道的密集多径性和时延性等特性。
首先,对同步与信道估计联合设计进行研究,并介绍了LS算法和基于子空间估计的两种联合估计算法,并对两种估计方法进行了仿真和比较。
然后,研究基于一阶统计特性的盲信道估计算法,并在密集多径环境下提出的一种同阶复杂度的一阶改进盲信道估计算法。为了更加准确的估计信道冲激响应(channel impulse response, CIR),将采用一种非传统的快速傅立叶变换(fast Fourier transform, FFT)来进行去卷积。去噪FFT采用离散小波变换(DWT)来计算离散傅立叶变换(DFT),同时可以削弱噪声。而且这种算法可以用来识别更多的实际信道模型,尤其是信号在传输路径中遭受频率选择性衰落的信道模型。
最后,提出了一种基于零相关扩频码的UWB系统信道估计方法。给出了零相关扩频码的构造方法及相关特性,建立了基于零相关扩频码的DS-PAM-UWB系统模型,介绍了非结构化DA估计的信道估计算法,最后采用ZCD码和Walsh码的DA(数据辅助)信道估计得到自相关函数仿真进行比较。
In recent years, Impulse Radio Ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) technology has attracted more and more attention in research institutions and standardization communities, due to its high data rate, large capacity, strong anti-multi-path ability and so on. However, the serious distortion of the signal and the waveform broadening caused by multi-path interference will lead to the overlapped information profile, which will bring about noise enhancement and the bit error rate rising, and affect the performance of UWB system severely.
This article through the analyzes of the UWB channel estimation, the present and urgently waits to solve. According to pulse UWB system basic principle and channel model, analyzed the ultra-wide band wide channel's crowded multi-diameters and its characteristics.
Firstly, research on the union design of the synchronization and the channel estimation, and introduce two kind of union estimation algorithm include the LS algorithm and based on the subspace estimation algorithm, and has carried on the simulation to two estimate methods and comparison.
Then, studies based on the first-order statistical property blind channel estimation algorithm, and proposed one kind of first-order improvement blind channel estimation algorithm under the crowded multi-diameter environment with step order of complexity. For the more accurate channel estimation of impulse response (channel impulse response, CIR), will use one alternative the fast Fournier transformation (fast Fourier transform, FFT) to carry on convolutes.Denoising FFT uses separated wavelet transformation (DWT) to calculate discrete Fourier transform (DFT), simultaneously may weaken the noise. Moreover this algorithm may use for to distinguish more actual channel models; particularly the channel model suffered by the signal which in the frequency selectivity declines the transmission route.
Finally, proposed one kind of channel estimation method based on the zero correlation wide frequency code UWB system. Has given the zero correlation wide frequency code structure and the related characteristic, and has established PAM-DS-UWB system model based on the zero correlation wide frequency code, and introduced the non-structures DA channel estimation algorithm, at last, use the ZCD code and Walsh code DA finally (data auxiliary) the channel estimations obtain the autocorrelation function simulation to carry on the comparison.
本文通过分析UWB信道估计技术的现在和亟待解决的问题。根据给出的脉冲UWB系统基本原理与信道模型,分析了超宽带宽信道的密集多径性和时延性等特性。
首先,对同步与信道估计联合设计进行研究,并介绍了LS算法和基于子空间估计的两种联合估计算法,并对两种估计方法进行了仿真和比较。
然后,研究基于一阶统计特性的盲信道估计算法,并在密集多径环境下提出的一种同阶复杂度的一阶改进盲信道估计算法。为了更加准确的估计信道冲激响应(channel impulse response, CIR),将采用一种非传统的快速傅立叶变换(fast Fourier transform, FFT)来进行去卷积。去噪FFT采用离散小波变换(DWT)来计算离散傅立叶变换(DFT),同时可以削弱噪声。而且这种算法可以用来识别更多的实际信道模型,尤其是信号在传输路径中遭受频率选择性衰落的信道模型。
最后,提出了一种基于零相关扩频码的UWB系统信道估计方法。给出了零相关扩频码的构造方法及相关特性,建立了基于零相关扩频码的DS-PAM-UWB系统模型,介绍了非结构化DA估计的信道估计算法,最后采用ZCD码和Walsh码的DA(数据辅助)信道估计得到自相关函数仿真进行比较。
In recent years, Impulse Radio Ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) technology has attracted more and more attention in research institutions and standardization communities, due to its high data rate, large capacity, strong anti-multi-path ability and so on. However, the serious distortion of the signal and the waveform broadening caused by multi-path interference will lead to the overlapped information profile, which will bring about noise enhancement and the bit error rate rising, and affect the performance of UWB system severely.
This article through the analyzes of the UWB channel estimation, the present and urgently waits to solve. According to pulse UWB system basic principle and channel model, analyzed the ultra-wide band wide channel's crowded multi-diameters and its characteristics.
Firstly, research on the union design of the synchronization and the channel estimation, and introduce two kind of union estimation algorithm include the LS algorithm and based on the subspace estimation algorithm, and has carried on the simulation to two estimate methods and comparison.
Then, studies based on the first-order statistical property blind channel estimation algorithm, and proposed one kind of first-order improvement blind channel estimation algorithm under the crowded multi-diameter environment with step order of complexity. For the more accurate channel estimation of impulse response (channel impulse response, CIR), will use one alternative the fast Fournier transformation (fast Fourier transform, FFT) to carry on convolutes.Denoising FFT uses separated wavelet transformation (DWT) to calculate discrete Fourier transform (DFT), simultaneously may weaken the noise. Moreover this algorithm may use for to distinguish more actual channel models; particularly the channel model suffered by the signal which in the frequency selectivity declines the transmission route.
Finally, proposed one kind of channel estimation method based on the zero correlation wide frequency code UWB system. Has given the zero correlation wide frequency code structure and the related characteristic, and has established PAM-DS-UWB system model based on the zero correlation wide frequency code, and introduced the non-structures DA channel estimation algorithm, at last, use the ZCD code and Walsh code DA finally (data auxiliary) the channel estimations obtain the autocorrelation function simulation to carry on the comparison.
引文
[1]Puls on Technology Overview. Time Domain Corporation,2001
[2]中华人民共和国国务院.国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要(2006-2020)[EB/OL].(2006-2-9)[2008-5-3].http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2006-0 2/09/content 183787.htm.
[3]Benett C L, Ross G F. Time-domain electromagnetics and its applications. IEEE,1978,66(3):299-318P
[4]Hewish M, Gourley S.R.Ultra-wideband technology opens up new horizons. Janes International Defense Review,1999:20-22P
[5]FCC 02-48, FIRST REPORT AND ORDER.Adopted:2002, February 14, Released:2002
[6]王金龙,王呈贵.等无线超宽带(UWB)通信原理与应用.北京：人民邮电出版社.2005：10-14页
[7]Jeffrey H, Reed. An Introduction to Ultra Wideband Communication Systems. Prentice Hall PTR,2005
[8]徐斌,毕光国.超宽带脉冲无线传输技术.计算机世界报.2004
[9]Cuomo F, et al. Radio Resource Sharing for Ad Hoe Net. Working With UWB.IEEE JSAC.2002:1722-1732P
[10]Nakagawa M, Zhang H, Sato H. Ubiquitous Homelinks Based on IEEE 1394 and Ultra Wideband Solutions. IEEE Communications Magazine. 2003:74-82P
[11]张士兵,张力军.超宽带信道建模与仿真.南京邮电学院学报.2005,25(3)：50-53页
[12]Ambuj Parihar, Lutz Lampe, Robert Schober. Cyril leung. Analysis of Equalization for DS-UWB Systems. IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband,2005:170-175P
[13]Kenichi Takizawa, Ryuji Kohno. Low-Complexity Viterbi Equalizer for MBOK DS-UWB Systems. IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences, September 2005, 88(9):2350-2355P
[14]Lin Zhiwei, Benjamin Premkumar, A S Madhukumar. A Combined MMSE Receiver for High Data Rate UWB Systems. IEEE Singapore International Conference on Communication Systems,2004:1-5P
[15]Sinan Gezicil, Andreas F. Molisch, Hisashi Kobayashi, H. Vincent Poor. Low-Complexity MMSE Combining for Linear Impulse Radio UWB Receivers. Communications,2006 IEEE International Conference on, June 2006,10:4706-4711P
[16]Youssef Dhibi, Thomas Kaiser. On the Impulsiveness of Multiuser Interferences in TH-PPM-UWB Systems. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING,2006,54(7):2853-2857P
[17]Krikidis I., J. L. Danger, L. Naviner. Interpath interference suppression in WCDMA systems with low spreading factors. Electronics Letters, Jan. 2005,41(1):22-24P
[18]葛利嘉,曾凡鑫,刘郁林,岳光荣.超宽带无线通信.北京：国防工业出版社.2005：5-6页
[19]曾兴雯,刘乃安,孙献璞.扩展频谱通信及其多址技术.西安：西安电子科技大学出版社.2004：105-106页
[20]W. Feller. An Introduction of Probability Theory and Its Applications. Vol. 1. New York, NY:Wiley,1968
[21]L. F, Fenton. The sum of log-normal probability distributions in scatter transmission systems. IRE Trans. Commun.,1960,3(8):57-67P
[22]M. E. Austin. Decision-feedback equalization for digital communication
over channels. Tech. Rep., MIT Lincoln Lab., Lexington, MA., August 1967
[23]G.D.Forney, Jr. Maximum likelihood sequence estimation of digital sequence in the presence of intersymbol interference. IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory,1972,18(5):363-378P
[24]R. D. Gitlin, S. B. Weinstein. Fractionally spaced equalization:an improved digital transversal equalizer. Bell System Tech. J., 1981:275-296P
[25]M. Ho, V. Somayazulu, J. Foerster, S.Roy. A differential detector for an Ultra-Wideband communications system. in Proc. Vehicular Technology Conf.,2002:1896-1900P
[26]M. Z. Win, Z. A. Kosti. Virtual path analysis of selective Rake receiver in dense multipath channels. IEEE common. Lett,1999,3:308-310P
[27]M. Z.Win, C. Chrisikos, N. R. Sollenberger. Performance of Rake in dense multipath channels:Implication of spreading bandwidth and selection diversity order. IEEE J. Select. AreasCommun.,2000, 18:1516-1525P
[28]M.Z.Win, G. Chrisikos. Impact of spreading bandwidth and selection diversity order on Rake reception. Wideband Wireless Digital Communications,2001:424-454P
[29]Lin Zhiwei, Benjamin Premkumar, A. S. Madhukumar. Tap Selection Based MMSE Equalization for High Data Rate UWB Communication Systems. IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems,2005,6: 5421-5424P
[30]Lin Zhiwei, Benjamin Premkumar, A. S. Madhukumar, Francois Chin. Diagonally Loaded Linear MMSE Equalization for UWB Multipath Channel Under Limited Training Sample Support. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference,2006:2359-2363P
[31]Lin Zhiwei, Benjamin Premkumar, A. S. Madhukumar. Applying Multistage Wiener Filter to UWB Multipath Channel Equalization under Limited Training Sample Support. International Conference on Information Communications and Signal Processing,2005:821-825P
[32]Ambuj Parihar, Lutz Lampe, Robert Schober. Analysis of Equalization for DS-UWB Systems. IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband, 2005:170-175P
[33]Kang I, Fitz MP, Gelfand SB. Blind estimation of multipath channel: parameters:A modal analysis approachI. EEE Trans on Com,1999,47: 1140-1150 P
[34]Mignone V, Morello A. CD3-OFDM:A novel demodulation scheme for fixed and mobile receivers. IEEE Trans on com,1996,44:1144-1151 P
[35]Win MZ, Scholtz RA. On the robustness of ultra_wide bandwidth signals in dense multipath environments. IEEE Comm Letters,1998,2(2)
[36]Lovelace W, Townsend J. The Effects of Timing Jitter on the Performance of Impulse Radio[A]. Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Ultra Wideband Systems and Technologies,2002:251-254 P
[37]Win MZ, Scholtz RA. Impulse radio:how it works [J]. IEEE Commun Lett,1998,2 (2):36-38P
[38]Win M Z, Scholtz R A. Ultra-wide bandwidth time-hopping spread-spectrum impulse radio for wireless multiple access communications[J]. IEEE Trans Commun,2000,48 (4):679-691P
[39]Tian Z, Yang L, GIANNAKIS G B. Symbol timing estimation in ultra-wideband communications[A]. Proc Asilomar Conf Signals Systems and Computers[C]. Pacific G rove, USA,2002
[40]Berrou C, Glavieux A. Near optimum error-correcting coding and decoding:Turbo codes[J].IEEE Transactions on Communications,1996, 44(10):1261-1271P
[41]Chiti F F, Antacci R, Marabissi D, et al. Proposal of a new punctured Turbo coding scheme for TH-UWB communications[A]. GLOBECOM2005-IEEE Global Telecommunications Confer-ence[C].2005:3859-3863 P
[42]Takizawa K, Kohno R. Analysis of iterative demapping and decoding for coded MBOK DS-UWB systems via EXIT chart[A]. ICC2005-IEEE International Conference on Communications[C].2005:949-953 P
[43]Yang L, GIANNAKIS G B. Timing ultra-wideband signals with dirty templates[J]. IEEE Trans Commun,2005,53(11):1952-1963 P
[44]Yang L. Timing PPM-UWB signals in ad hoc multi-access [J]. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Comm,2006,24(4):794-800 P
[45]Eseghe T. Two novel time-hopping sequence constructions for impulse radio[C]. New York:Proceedings of The IEEE International Conference on Communications,2002
[46]Marviin SK, Jim OK, Robert S, etal. Spread spectrum communications handbook[M]. New York:McGraw-Hill Companies Inc,2002
[47]Lecours M, Chouinard IY, Delisle GY, Roy J. Statistical modeling of the received signal envelope in a mobile radio channel. IEEE Trans. VT, 1988,37(4):204-212 P
[48]Loo CA. Statistical model for a land mobile satellite link. IEEE Trans. on VT,1985, VT-34(3):122-127 P
[49]Hun Looa. statistical model for a land mobile satellite link. IEEE Trans. on Vehicular Technology,1985V, T-34(3):122-127 P
[50]Homier E A, Scholtz R A. Rapid acquisition ultra-wideband signals in the dense multipath channel [C]. UWBST2002, Baltimore, US,2002,105-109
[51]Chu Xiaoli, Murch Ross D. Generalized selection combining with log-likelihood ratio threshold test per path for Rake reception in ultra-wideband communications. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, 2005,61(2):1360-1364P
[52]Sinan Gezici, H. Vincent Poor, ed.Molisch. Optimal and Suboptimal Linear Receivers for Impulse Radio UWB Systems.2004International Workshop on Ultra Wideband Systems,2004:11-15P
[53]Sinan Gezici, Hisashi Kobayashi, H. Vincent Poor, Andreas F. Molisch. Optimal and Suboptimal Linear Receivers for Time Hopping Impluse Radio Systems. International Workshop on Joint UWBST& IWUWBS, 2004:11-15P
[2]中华人民共和国国务院.国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要(2006-2020)[EB/OL].(2006-2-9)[2008-5-3].http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2006-0 2/09/content 183787.htm.
[3]Benett C L, Ross G F. Time-domain electromagnetics and its applications. IEEE,1978,66(3):299-318P
[4]Hewish M, Gourley S.R.Ultra-wideband technology opens up new horizons. Janes International Defense Review,1999:20-22P
[5]FCC 02-48, FIRST REPORT AND ORDER.Adopted:2002, February 14, Released:2002
[6]王金龙,王呈贵.等无线超宽带(UWB)通信原理与应用.北京：人民邮电出版社.2005：10-14页
[7]Jeffrey H, Reed. An Introduction to Ultra Wideband Communication Systems. Prentice Hall PTR,2005
[8]徐斌,毕光国.超宽带脉冲无线传输技术.计算机世界报.2004
[9]Cuomo F, et al. Radio Resource Sharing for Ad Hoe Net. Working With UWB.IEEE JSAC.2002:1722-1732P
[10]Nakagawa M, Zhang H, Sato H. Ubiquitous Homelinks Based on IEEE 1394 and Ultra Wideband Solutions. IEEE Communications Magazine. 2003:74-82P
[11]张士兵,张力军.超宽带信道建模与仿真.南京邮电学院学报.2005,25(3)：50-53页
[12]Ambuj Parihar, Lutz Lampe, Robert Schober. Cyril leung. Analysis of Equalization for DS-UWB Systems. IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband,2005:170-175P
[13]Kenichi Takizawa, Ryuji Kohno. Low-Complexity Viterbi Equalizer for MBOK DS-UWB Systems. IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences, September 2005, 88(9):2350-2355P
[14]Lin Zhiwei, Benjamin Premkumar, A S Madhukumar. A Combined MMSE Receiver for High Data Rate UWB Systems. IEEE Singapore International Conference on Communication Systems,2004:1-5P
[15]Sinan Gezicil, Andreas F. Molisch, Hisashi Kobayashi, H. Vincent Poor. Low-Complexity MMSE Combining for Linear Impulse Radio UWB Receivers. Communications,2006 IEEE International Conference on, June 2006,10:4706-4711P
[16]Youssef Dhibi, Thomas Kaiser. On the Impulsiveness of Multiuser Interferences in TH-PPM-UWB Systems. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING,2006,54(7):2853-2857P
[17]Krikidis I., J. L. Danger, L. Naviner. Interpath interference suppression in WCDMA systems with low spreading factors. Electronics Letters, Jan. 2005,41(1):22-24P
[18]葛利嘉,曾凡鑫,刘郁林,岳光荣.超宽带无线通信.北京：国防工业出版社.2005：5-6页
[19]曾兴雯,刘乃安,孙献璞.扩展频谱通信及其多址技术.西安：西安电子科技大学出版社.2004：105-106页
[20]W. Feller. An Introduction of Probability Theory and Its Applications. Vol. 1. New York, NY:Wiley,1968
[21]L. F, Fenton. The sum of log-normal probability distributions in scatter transmission systems. IRE Trans. Commun.,1960,3(8):57-67P
[22]M. E. Austin. Decision-feedback equalization for digital communication
over channels. Tech. Rep., MIT Lincoln Lab., Lexington, MA., August 1967
[23]G.D.Forney, Jr. Maximum likelihood sequence estimation of digital sequence in the presence of intersymbol interference. IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory,1972,18(5):363-378P
[24]R. D. Gitlin, S. B. Weinstein. Fractionally spaced equalization:an improved digital transversal equalizer. Bell System Tech. J., 1981:275-296P
[25]M. Ho, V. Somayazulu, J. Foerster, S.Roy. A differential detector for an Ultra-Wideband communications system. in Proc. Vehicular Technology Conf.,2002:1896-1900P
[26]M. Z. Win, Z. A. Kosti. Virtual path analysis of selective Rake receiver in dense multipath channels. IEEE common. Lett,1999,3:308-310P
[27]M. Z.Win, C. Chrisikos, N. R. Sollenberger. Performance of Rake in dense multipath channels:Implication of spreading bandwidth and selection diversity order. IEEE J. Select. AreasCommun.,2000, 18:1516-1525P
[28]M.Z.Win, G. Chrisikos. Impact of spreading bandwidth and selection diversity order on Rake reception. Wideband Wireless Digital Communications,2001:424-454P
[29]Lin Zhiwei, Benjamin Premkumar, A. S. Madhukumar. Tap Selection Based MMSE Equalization for High Data Rate UWB Communication Systems. IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems,2005,6: 5421-5424P
[30]Lin Zhiwei, Benjamin Premkumar, A. S. Madhukumar, Francois Chin. Diagonally Loaded Linear MMSE Equalization for UWB Multipath Channel Under Limited Training Sample Support. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference,2006:2359-2363P
[31]Lin Zhiwei, Benjamin Premkumar, A. S. Madhukumar. Applying Multistage Wiener Filter to UWB Multipath Channel Equalization under Limited Training Sample Support. International Conference on Information Communications and Signal Processing,2005:821-825P
[32]Ambuj Parihar, Lutz Lampe, Robert Schober. Analysis of Equalization for DS-UWB Systems. IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband, 2005:170-175P
[33]Kang I, Fitz MP, Gelfand SB. Blind estimation of multipath channel: parameters:A modal analysis approachI. EEE Trans on Com,1999,47: 1140-1150 P
[34]Mignone V, Morello A. CD3-OFDM:A novel demodulation scheme for fixed and mobile receivers. IEEE Trans on com,1996,44:1144-1151 P
[35]Win MZ, Scholtz RA. On the robustness of ultra_wide bandwidth signals in dense multipath environments. IEEE Comm Letters,1998,2(2)
[36]Lovelace W, Townsend J. The Effects of Timing Jitter on the Performance of Impulse Radio[A]. Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Ultra Wideband Systems and Technologies,2002:251-254 P
[37]Win MZ, Scholtz RA. Impulse radio:how it works [J]. IEEE Commun Lett,1998,2 (2):36-38P
[38]Win M Z, Scholtz R A. Ultra-wide bandwidth time-hopping spread-spectrum impulse radio for wireless multiple access communications[J]. IEEE Trans Commun,2000,48 (4):679-691P
[39]Tian Z, Yang L, GIANNAKIS G B. Symbol timing estimation in ultra-wideband communications[A]. Proc Asilomar Conf Signals Systems and Computers[C]. Pacific G rove, USA,2002
[40]Berrou C, Glavieux A. Near optimum error-correcting coding and decoding:Turbo codes[J].IEEE Transactions on Communications,1996, 44(10):1261-1271P
[41]Chiti F F, Antacci R, Marabissi D, et al. Proposal of a new punctured Turbo coding scheme for TH-UWB communications[A]. GLOBECOM2005-IEEE Global Telecommunications Confer-ence[C].2005:3859-3863 P
[42]Takizawa K, Kohno R. Analysis of iterative demapping and decoding for coded MBOK DS-UWB systems via EXIT chart[A]. ICC2005-IEEE International Conference on Communications[C].2005:949-953 P
[43]Yang L, GIANNAKIS G B. Timing ultra-wideband signals with dirty templates[J]. IEEE Trans Commun,2005,53(11):1952-1963 P
[44]Yang L. Timing PPM-UWB signals in ad hoc multi-access [J]. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Comm,2006,24(4):794-800 P
[45]Eseghe T. Two novel time-hopping sequence constructions for impulse radio[C]. New York:Proceedings of The IEEE International Conference on Communications,2002
[46]Marviin SK, Jim OK, Robert S, etal. Spread spectrum communications handbook[M]. New York:McGraw-Hill Companies Inc,2002
[47]Lecours M, Chouinard IY, Delisle GY, Roy J. Statistical modeling of the received signal envelope in a mobile radio channel. IEEE Trans. VT, 1988,37(4):204-212 P
[48]Loo CA. Statistical model for a land mobile satellite link. IEEE Trans. on VT,1985, VT-34(3):122-127 P
[49]Hun Looa. statistical model for a land mobile satellite link. IEEE Trans. on Vehicular Technology,1985V, T-34(3):122-127 P
[50]Homier E A, Scholtz R A. Rapid acquisition ultra-wideband signals in the dense multipath channel [C]. UWBST2002, Baltimore, US,2002,105-109
[51]Chu Xiaoli, Murch Ross D. Generalized selection combining with log-likelihood ratio threshold test per path for Rake reception in ultra-wideband communications. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, 2005,61(2):1360-1364P
[52]Sinan Gezici, H. Vincent Poor, ed.Molisch. Optimal and Suboptimal Linear Receivers for Impulse Radio UWB Systems.2004International Workshop on Ultra Wideband Systems,2004:11-15P
[53]Sinan Gezici, Hisashi Kobayashi, H. Vincent Poor, Andreas F. Molisch. Optimal and Suboptimal Linear Receivers for Time Hopping Impluse Radio Systems. International Workshop on Joint UWBST& IWUWBS, 2004:11-15P