虚拟人动画中的三维服装仿真技术研究
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摘要
基于物理的三维服装仿真近几年是虚拟现实和计算机图形学领域的研究热点之一，作为三维服装CAD系统集成的核心部分，它可以有效克服传统二维CAD从前期设计到后期造型存在的一系列直观性差和效率低的缺陷。此外，实现三维人体着装的动静态模拟，让设计者和客户在计算机屏幕前直接从各个方向和角度观看穿着效果，并通过实时交互对服装的款式或尺码进行选择和修改，这些功能无疑还会有更广泛的应用前景，例如基于互联网的服装个性化订制、产品销售和虚拟展示等等。然而，服装物理仿真通常计算量庞大，如何在低端硬件平台或交互式环境(例如普通PC或视频游戏)进行高质量模拟是一个新的挑战。
本文对虚拟人动画中的三维服装仿真技术进行了研究，包括虚拟人体建模、角色动画、布料物理模拟以及可变形体碰撞检测与响应，总体目标是构建一个完整的三维服装仿真环境，并且围绕系统实时性能完成高效算法的开发：
(1)考虑到三维服装仿真对个性化人体模型的需求，提出了一种参数化人体形态建模方法。特征参数的确定依据人体测量学的相关原理和方法，结合计算机图形学轴变形技术，所实现的人体建模系统提供了非常直观的输入接口，并且该方法还有操作简单和建模速度快的优点。
(2)为了给三维服装动态展示提供角色动画支持，研究了骨架驱动的皮肤网格变形技术。对基于关节旋转单位四元数球面线性插值的骨骼混合算法进行了改进，引入轴心顶点校正机制改善皮肤网格的变形质量。同时，单位四元数量化查找表的构造以及插值表的预计算进一步提高了算法的执行效率。
(3)针对布料物理建模的计算效率和稳定性问题，提出一种基于约束的布料质点弹簧模型。非线性弹簧内力是影响微分方程数值求解稳定性和限制积分时间步长的主要因素，本文模型直接通过逆向动力学约束来模拟内力，进而避免了对其的显示计算。其它外力，例如重力等，都作为相对约束引入，结合Verlet数值积分器，模拟系统可以在较大程度上保持稳定。此外，碰撞响应是绝对约束。该模型可以采用较大的时间步长生成布料动画，总体计算量小，能够满足服装仿真应用的速度需求。
(4)为了保证仿真系统的实时交互性能，提出一种快速处理布料与环境对
In recent years, physically based 3D garment simulation techniques have received much attention in the Virtual Reality (VR) and Computer Graphics (CG) community. Taken regard as the core part of 3D garment CAD integral system, it can overcome effectively a serial of defects, such as poor intuition and low efficiency, in traditional 2D CAD from designing to postphase. Additionally, 3D garment simulation realizes dynamic or static effect of dressed 3D human body, lets designer and customer observe directly wearing effect in front of computer screen with arbitrary direction and visual angle, and modifies the style and size of garment in real-time interactive mode. Undoubtedly, all above functions have more wide application, such as custom-tailor, sale and virtual exhibition based on web. However, physically based garment simulation usually involves very large computational costs, how to perform high quality simulation on low-end hardware platform or in interactive environment (such as ordinary PC or video game) is a new big challenge.
The dissertation mostly addressed the technology of garment simulation in virtual human animation, including virtual human body modelling, character animation, physically based cloth simulation, collision detection and response for deformable objects. Our main aim is to construct an integrated 3D garment simulation environment, and develop some highly efficient algorithms that focus on the real-time performance of system.
(1) Taken into consideration the requirement for individual human body models in 3D garment simulation, a method for parameterized human body modeling was proposed. Feature parameters are determined according to anthropometrical approach and theory. Combined axial deformation technique in computer graphics, modeling system that is realized in this study provides very intuitive input interface. Additionally, this method also has the advantage of simple operation and quick modeling.
(2) In order to support character animation for the dynamic show of 3D garment, the technique for skin mesh deformation driven by skeleton was well
本文对虚拟人动画中的三维服装仿真技术进行了研究，包括虚拟人体建模、角色动画、布料物理模拟以及可变形体碰撞检测与响应，总体目标是构建一个完整的三维服装仿真环境，并且围绕系统实时性能完成高效算法的开发：
(1)考虑到三维服装仿真对个性化人体模型的需求，提出了一种参数化人体形态建模方法。特征参数的确定依据人体测量学的相关原理和方法，结合计算机图形学轴变形技术，所实现的人体建模系统提供了非常直观的输入接口，并且该方法还有操作简单和建模速度快的优点。
(2)为了给三维服装动态展示提供角色动画支持，研究了骨架驱动的皮肤网格变形技术。对基于关节旋转单位四元数球面线性插值的骨骼混合算法进行了改进，引入轴心顶点校正机制改善皮肤网格的变形质量。同时，单位四元数量化查找表的构造以及插值表的预计算进一步提高了算法的执行效率。
(3)针对布料物理建模的计算效率和稳定性问题，提出一种基于约束的布料质点弹簧模型。非线性弹簧内力是影响微分方程数值求解稳定性和限制积分时间步长的主要因素，本文模型直接通过逆向动力学约束来模拟内力，进而避免了对其的显示计算。其它外力，例如重力等，都作为相对约束引入，结合Verlet数值积分器，模拟系统可以在较大程度上保持稳定。此外，碰撞响应是绝对约束。该模型可以采用较大的时间步长生成布料动画，总体计算量小，能够满足服装仿真应用的速度需求。
(4)为了保证仿真系统的实时交互性能，提出一种快速处理布料与环境对
In recent years, physically based 3D garment simulation techniques have received much attention in the Virtual Reality (VR) and Computer Graphics (CG) community. Taken regard as the core part of 3D garment CAD integral system, it can overcome effectively a serial of defects, such as poor intuition and low efficiency, in traditional 2D CAD from designing to postphase. Additionally, 3D garment simulation realizes dynamic or static effect of dressed 3D human body, lets designer and customer observe directly wearing effect in front of computer screen with arbitrary direction and visual angle, and modifies the style and size of garment in real-time interactive mode. Undoubtedly, all above functions have more wide application, such as custom-tailor, sale and virtual exhibition based on web. However, physically based garment simulation usually involves very large computational costs, how to perform high quality simulation on low-end hardware platform or in interactive environment (such as ordinary PC or video game) is a new big challenge.
The dissertation mostly addressed the technology of garment simulation in virtual human animation, including virtual human body modelling, character animation, physically based cloth simulation, collision detection and response for deformable objects. Our main aim is to construct an integrated 3D garment simulation environment, and develop some highly efficient algorithms that focus on the real-time performance of system.
(1) Taken into consideration the requirement for individual human body models in 3D garment simulation, a method for parameterized human body modeling was proposed. Feature parameters are determined according to anthropometrical approach and theory. Combined axial deformation technique in computer graphics, modeling system that is realized in this study provides very intuitive input interface. Additionally, this method also has the advantage of simple operation and quick modeling.
(2) In order to support character animation for the dynamic show of 3D garment, the technique for skin mesh deformation driven by skeleton was well
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