基于二元光学的Christiansen滤波器的研究
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摘要
光滤波器的应用范围广泛,工程应用中有多种光滤波器可供选择。Christiansen滤波器作为其中一员,有其独有的特性。它具有广泛的材料可选择性和温度可调控的优点。二元光学是光学与微电子技术相互渗透、交叉而形成的一门前沿学科。近年来,二元光学元件越来越广泛地应用于现代光学系统中。它具有体积小、重量轻、易复制、造价低、衍射效率高、设计自由度大、材料可选性大、色散性能独特等优点。基于二元光学方法的Christiansen滤波器就是结合了二元光学和Christiansen滤波器的优点而提出的一种新的滤波器设计方案。本文基于二元光学方法,设计了可用于紫外光波段的Christiansen滤波器,并开发了用于此滤波器的精确温度控制系统。
论文的主要工作有:
1.分析了应用二元光学元件设计Christiansen滤波器的可行性,对其应用条件做了适当修改,提出了应用二元光学元件设计Christiansen滤波器的方法。
2.从设计折射棱镜型、闪耀光栅型Christiansen滤波器入手,将连续相位面的折射棱镜和闪耀光栅二元化为二元阶梯结构,分析了对应二元光学元件的滤波特性。在此基础上,建立了任意相位二元光学元件型Christiansen滤波器模型,并分析了其性能。
3.在求解任意相位二元光学元件表面阶梯结构的过程中,总结出应用遗传算法优化设计任意相位二元光学元件的步骤和方法。
4.以所设计的任意相位二元光学元件型Christiansen滤波器为例,分析了不同折射率材料搭配和不同温度条件下Christiansen滤波器中心波长的变化情况,总结了变化规律,并提出了改变中心波长的两种手段。
5.基于51单片机和LTC1923芯片,设计实现了用于Christiansen滤波器的精确温度控制系统。
Optical filter has a wide range of applications. There are a variety of optical filters available in engineering applications. Christiansen filter as one of that has the unique characteristics of extensive material selectivity and temperature adjustability. Binary optics is a leading subject which is derived from optical and microelectronics. Binary optical elements which are more and more widely applied in modern optical systems have many advantages, such as small size, light weight, replicating easily, low cost, high diffraction efficiency, more design variables, wide range of optional materials, peculiar chromatic dispersion performances etc. The Christiansen filter based on binary optics is a new filter designing scheme, which combines the advantages of both binary optics and Christiansen filter. In this dissertation, we designed a Christiansen filter which can be used in the UV band, and developed an accurate temperature control system for it.
Major content of the dissertation is as follow:
1. The feasibility of designing a Christiansen filter was analyzed using binary optical elements. We made some appropriate changes of its application conditions, and then proposed a method of designing Christiansen filter using binary optical elements.
2. Start with the designing of Christiansen filter using refraction prism and blazed grating, the continuous phase surface elements such as refraction prism and blazed grating were made to be binary ladder structure. After that, the characteristics of the corresponding binary optical elements of those filters were analyzed. On this basis, the model of binary optical elements Christiansen filter which has arbitrary phase-type has be established, then its performance was analyzed.
3. In the process of solving the surface of arbitrary phase-type binary optical elements, the methods and steps of designing and optimizing the arbitrary phase-type binary optical elements were summarized using genetic algorithm.
4. The changes of Christiansen filter center wavelength was analyzed on the condition of materials with different refractive index and different temperatures, taking the designed Christiansen filter with arbitrary phase-type binary optical elements as an example. Then its variation principle and propose was summarized by two means for changing it.
5. A precise temperature control system for the Christiansen filter was designed based on 51 and LTC1923 chips.
论文的主要工作有:
1.分析了应用二元光学元件设计Christiansen滤波器的可行性,对其应用条件做了适当修改,提出了应用二元光学元件设计Christiansen滤波器的方法。
2.从设计折射棱镜型、闪耀光栅型Christiansen滤波器入手,将连续相位面的折射棱镜和闪耀光栅二元化为二元阶梯结构,分析了对应二元光学元件的滤波特性。在此基础上,建立了任意相位二元光学元件型Christiansen滤波器模型,并分析了其性能。
3.在求解任意相位二元光学元件表面阶梯结构的过程中,总结出应用遗传算法优化设计任意相位二元光学元件的步骤和方法。
4.以所设计的任意相位二元光学元件型Christiansen滤波器为例,分析了不同折射率材料搭配和不同温度条件下Christiansen滤波器中心波长的变化情况,总结了变化规律,并提出了改变中心波长的两种手段。
5.基于51单片机和LTC1923芯片,设计实现了用于Christiansen滤波器的精确温度控制系统。
Optical filter has a wide range of applications. There are a variety of optical filters available in engineering applications. Christiansen filter as one of that has the unique characteristics of extensive material selectivity and temperature adjustability. Binary optics is a leading subject which is derived from optical and microelectronics. Binary optical elements which are more and more widely applied in modern optical systems have many advantages, such as small size, light weight, replicating easily, low cost, high diffraction efficiency, more design variables, wide range of optional materials, peculiar chromatic dispersion performances etc. The Christiansen filter based on binary optics is a new filter designing scheme, which combines the advantages of both binary optics and Christiansen filter. In this dissertation, we designed a Christiansen filter which can be used in the UV band, and developed an accurate temperature control system for it.
Major content of the dissertation is as follow:
1. The feasibility of designing a Christiansen filter was analyzed using binary optical elements. We made some appropriate changes of its application conditions, and then proposed a method of designing Christiansen filter using binary optical elements.
2. Start with the designing of Christiansen filter using refraction prism and blazed grating, the continuous phase surface elements such as refraction prism and blazed grating were made to be binary ladder structure. After that, the characteristics of the corresponding binary optical elements of those filters were analyzed. On this basis, the model of binary optical elements Christiansen filter which has arbitrary phase-type has be established, then its performance was analyzed.
3. In the process of solving the surface of arbitrary phase-type binary optical elements, the methods and steps of designing and optimizing the arbitrary phase-type binary optical elements were summarized using genetic algorithm.
4. The changes of Christiansen filter center wavelength was analyzed on the condition of materials with different refractive index and different temperatures, taking the designed Christiansen filter with arbitrary phase-type binary optical elements as an example. Then its variation principle and propose was summarized by two means for changing it.
5. A precise temperature control system for the Christiansen filter was designed based on 51 and LTC1923 chips.
引文
[1]颜树化.二元光学器件设计理论及并行制作技术研究:[博士学位论文].长沙:国防科技大学,2004,10-30
[2] R. K. Waring. Christiansen effect display element. Proceedings of the IEEE, 1977, 6: 1074-1075
[3]金国藩,严瑛白,邬敏贤,等.二元光学.北京:国防工业出版社,1998.2
[4]张勇,谢康,李坚.新型Christiansen滤波器的设计.光电子技术,2007, 27:31-35
[5]张发国,喻洪麟.闪耀光栅原理及其应用.重庆文理学院学报,2008,27(1):48-51
[6] C. V. Raman. The theory of the Christiansen experiment. Proceedings Mathematical Sciences, 1949, 29(3): 381-389
[7]张勇,谢康.柱透镜型Christiansen滤波器的研究与设计:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2007,4-10
[8] I. C. Hunter, J. D. Rhodes, and V. Dassonville. Dual-mode filters with conductor-loaded dielectric resonators. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., 1999, MTT-47: 2304
[9] S. Amari. Direct synthesis of folded symmetric resonator filters with source-load coupling. IEEE Microwave Wireless Comp. Lett., 2001, 11: 264
[10] R. J. Cameron. Advanced coupling matrix synthesis techniques for microwave filters. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., 2003, MTT-51: 1
[11]王毅,谢康.阶跃透镜滤波器的逆散射分析与设计:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2007,8-10
[12] R. j. Cameron, H. Gregg, C. J. Radcliffe, and J. D. Rhodes. Extracted-pole filter manifold multiplexing. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., 1982, MTT-30, 1041
[13] C. V. Ramman, S. Ramaseshan. The Christiansen experiment with spherical particles. Proceedings Mathematical Sciences, 1949, 30(5): 211-215
[14] C. V. Raman, M. R. Bhat. The Christiansen experiment with birefringent powders. Proceedings Mathematical Sciences, 1955, 41(2): 61-66
[15] V. I. Shlyubskii. Theory of a Christiansen filter composed of inhomogeneous particles. Journal of Applied Spectroscopy, 1993, 58(5): 319-327
[16] K. Balasubrammanian, M. R. Jacobson, and H. A. Macleod. New Christiansen filters. AppliedOptics. 1992, 31(10): 1574-1587
[17] Uwe Wojak, Uwe Czarnetzki, H. F. Dobele. Christiansen filters for the far ultraviolet: an old spectral device in a new light. Apllied Optics, 1987,26(22): 4788-4790.
[18]杨国桢,顾本源,董碧珍.衍射光学元件的设计方法.第二届光学前沿问题学术讨论会论文摘要,1994,1:105-107
[19]周海宪,王永年,程云芳,周华君译.微光学元件、系统和应用.北京:国防工业出版社,2002,6-13
[20]金国藩,谭峭峰.二元光学.光电子技术与信息,2001,14(5):1-10
[21]李志远,杨国桢,顾本源.集成光机电系统中的矢量光学问题.物理,2000,29(2):78-81
[22]杨荣国.干涉法测量透明液体折射率随温度的变化.物理测试,2007,25:45-46
[23]叶玉堂,铙建珍,肖峻,等.光学教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2005.8
[24] Drew A. Prommet, M. G. Moaram, B. Grann. Limits of scalar diffraction theory for diffractive phase elements. Opt. Soc., 1994, 11(6): 1827-1834
[25]杨健.二元光学元件矢量衍射设计与并行直写制作:[硕士学位论文].长沙:国防科技大学,2004,1-55
[26]马韬.多层衍射光学元件设计理论及其在混合光学系统中的应用:[博士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2006,10-20
[27] D. E. Godbet. Genetic algorithm in search, optimization and machine learning. Addison-Wesley, Mass. 1987
[28]雷英杰,张善文,李续武,周创明.MATLAB遗传工具箱及应用.西安:西安科技大学出版社. 2005.04
[29]孙枭东.多功能衍射光学元件的设计与分析:[硕士学位论文].北京:北京交通大学,2006,10-20
[30] G. J. Swanson. Binary Optics Technology: The Theory and Design of Multi-level Diffractive Optical Elements. Scientific Technical Information Network., 1989
[31] Hans Peter Herzig. Micro-Optics Elements, Systems and Applications. Taylor & Francis Inc., 1997
[32]吴键,严高师.光学原理教程.北京:国防工业出版社,2007.1
[33]祝绍箕,邹海兴,包学诚,郭厚林.衍射光栅.北京:机械工业出版社,1986.12
[34]喻洪麟,马升涛,吴永烽.反射型阶梯光栅的特性分析.2010,37(2):133-136
[35]骆琳,贾友见.利用二元光学进行闪耀光栅的设计.光机电信息,2009,26(9):31-34
[36]张耀举.阶梯透射光栅衍射效率的研究.中国激光,2003,30:601-604
[37] Yang Ji, Jingjuan Zhang, Jingcong Wang. Binary optics design with genetic algorithm. International Conference on Holography and Optical Information Processing, 1996, 2866: 116-119
[38]陈焘.遗传算法用于衍射光学元件的优化设计.光电工程,2004,31(12):8-11
[39]裴雪丹,崔庆丰,冷家开.入射角对双层衍射光学元件衍射效率的影响.光子学报,2009,29(1):120-124
[40]赵博.闪耀光栅的傅里叶分析.光学技术,2001,27(2):103-108
[41]张耀举,郑崇伟.台阶光栅衍射的傅里叶分析.光学技术,2002,28:510-512
[42] M. R. Bhat. Some illustrations of the theory of the Christiansen optical filters. Proceedings Mathematical Sciences, 1953, 38(1): 67-76
[43]段文琴,张兆兰,卫秋霞.光学玻璃折射率温度系数的测量.2009
[44]徐广平,冯国旭,耿林.基于单片机控制的高精度TEC温控.激光与红外,2009,39(3):254-256
[45]韦静,张浩. LTC1923在DWDM激光器温控电路中的应用.现代电子技术,2003,7 :75-81
[46]白旭,毕文辉,张宏宇.铂电阻传感器测温技术.仪器仪表用户,2007,14(4):6-7
[47]罗兴垅,黄隆胜.基于AT89C51控制的0.01℃数显温度计的设计.单片机开发与应用.2006,22:70-72
[48]王龙.基于铂电阻Pt100的高精度温度测控系统设计.吉首大学学报,2009,30(3):71-73
[49]张志勇.Pt100温度传感器非线性的补偿方法与电路实现.电子器件,2007,30(6): 2189-2191
[50]钱静,翁佩德,罗家融,陈灼民. Ptl00温度计电阻和温度关系的拟合.低温技术,2007,35(4):290-292
[2] R. K. Waring. Christiansen effect display element. Proceedings of the IEEE, 1977, 6: 1074-1075
[3]金国藩,严瑛白,邬敏贤,等.二元光学.北京:国防工业出版社,1998.2
[4]张勇,谢康,李坚.新型Christiansen滤波器的设计.光电子技术,2007, 27:31-35
[5]张发国,喻洪麟.闪耀光栅原理及其应用.重庆文理学院学报,2008,27(1):48-51
[6] C. V. Raman. The theory of the Christiansen experiment. Proceedings Mathematical Sciences, 1949, 29(3): 381-389
[7]张勇,谢康.柱透镜型Christiansen滤波器的研究与设计:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2007,4-10
[8] I. C. Hunter, J. D. Rhodes, and V. Dassonville. Dual-mode filters with conductor-loaded dielectric resonators. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., 1999, MTT-47: 2304
[9] S. Amari. Direct synthesis of folded symmetric resonator filters with source-load coupling. IEEE Microwave Wireless Comp. Lett., 2001, 11: 264
[10] R. J. Cameron. Advanced coupling matrix synthesis techniques for microwave filters. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., 2003, MTT-51: 1
[11]王毅,谢康.阶跃透镜滤波器的逆散射分析与设计:[硕士学位论文].成都:电子科技大学,2007,8-10
[12] R. j. Cameron, H. Gregg, C. J. Radcliffe, and J. D. Rhodes. Extracted-pole filter manifold multiplexing. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., 1982, MTT-30, 1041
[13] C. V. Ramman, S. Ramaseshan. The Christiansen experiment with spherical particles. Proceedings Mathematical Sciences, 1949, 30(5): 211-215
[14] C. V. Raman, M. R. Bhat. The Christiansen experiment with birefringent powders. Proceedings Mathematical Sciences, 1955, 41(2): 61-66
[15] V. I. Shlyubskii. Theory of a Christiansen filter composed of inhomogeneous particles. Journal of Applied Spectroscopy, 1993, 58(5): 319-327
[16] K. Balasubrammanian, M. R. Jacobson, and H. A. Macleod. New Christiansen filters. AppliedOptics. 1992, 31(10): 1574-1587
[17] Uwe Wojak, Uwe Czarnetzki, H. F. Dobele. Christiansen filters for the far ultraviolet: an old spectral device in a new light. Apllied Optics, 1987,26(22): 4788-4790.
[18]杨国桢,顾本源,董碧珍.衍射光学元件的设计方法.第二届光学前沿问题学术讨论会论文摘要,1994,1:105-107
[19]周海宪,王永年,程云芳,周华君译.微光学元件、系统和应用.北京:国防工业出版社,2002,6-13
[20]金国藩,谭峭峰.二元光学.光电子技术与信息,2001,14(5):1-10
[21]李志远,杨国桢,顾本源.集成光机电系统中的矢量光学问题.物理,2000,29(2):78-81
[22]杨荣国.干涉法测量透明液体折射率随温度的变化.物理测试,2007,25:45-46
[23]叶玉堂,铙建珍,肖峻,等.光学教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2005.8
[24] Drew A. Prommet, M. G. Moaram, B. Grann. Limits of scalar diffraction theory for diffractive phase elements. Opt. Soc., 1994, 11(6): 1827-1834
[25]杨健.二元光学元件矢量衍射设计与并行直写制作:[硕士学位论文].长沙:国防科技大学,2004,1-55
[26]马韬.多层衍射光学元件设计理论及其在混合光学系统中的应用:[博士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2006,10-20
[27] D. E. Godbet. Genetic algorithm in search, optimization and machine learning. Addison-Wesley, Mass. 1987
[28]雷英杰,张善文,李续武,周创明.MATLAB遗传工具箱及应用.西安:西安科技大学出版社. 2005.04
[29]孙枭东.多功能衍射光学元件的设计与分析:[硕士学位论文].北京:北京交通大学,2006,10-20
[30] G. J. Swanson. Binary Optics Technology: The Theory and Design of Multi-level Diffractive Optical Elements. Scientific Technical Information Network., 1989
[31] Hans Peter Herzig. Micro-Optics Elements, Systems and Applications. Taylor & Francis Inc., 1997
[32]吴键,严高师.光学原理教程.北京:国防工业出版社,2007.1
[33]祝绍箕,邹海兴,包学诚,郭厚林.衍射光栅.北京:机械工业出版社,1986.12
[34]喻洪麟,马升涛,吴永烽.反射型阶梯光栅的特性分析.2010,37(2):133-136
[35]骆琳,贾友见.利用二元光学进行闪耀光栅的设计.光机电信息,2009,26(9):31-34
[36]张耀举.阶梯透射光栅衍射效率的研究.中国激光,2003,30:601-604
[37] Yang Ji, Jingjuan Zhang, Jingcong Wang. Binary optics design with genetic algorithm. International Conference on Holography and Optical Information Processing, 1996, 2866: 116-119
[38]陈焘.遗传算法用于衍射光学元件的优化设计.光电工程,2004,31(12):8-11
[39]裴雪丹,崔庆丰,冷家开.入射角对双层衍射光学元件衍射效率的影响.光子学报,2009,29(1):120-124
[40]赵博.闪耀光栅的傅里叶分析.光学技术,2001,27(2):103-108
[41]张耀举,郑崇伟.台阶光栅衍射的傅里叶分析.光学技术,2002,28:510-512
[42] M. R. Bhat. Some illustrations of the theory of the Christiansen optical filters. Proceedings Mathematical Sciences, 1953, 38(1): 67-76
[43]段文琴,张兆兰,卫秋霞.光学玻璃折射率温度系数的测量.2009
[44]徐广平,冯国旭,耿林.基于单片机控制的高精度TEC温控.激光与红外,2009,39(3):254-256
[45]韦静,张浩. LTC1923在DWDM激光器温控电路中的应用.现代电子技术,2003,7 :75-81
[46]白旭,毕文辉,张宏宇.铂电阻传感器测温技术.仪器仪表用户,2007,14(4):6-7
[47]罗兴垅,黄隆胜.基于AT89C51控制的0.01℃数显温度计的设计.单片机开发与应用.2006,22:70-72
[48]王龙.基于铂电阻Pt100的高精度温度测控系统设计.吉首大学学报,2009,30(3):71-73
[49]张志勇.Pt100温度传感器非线性的补偿方法与电路实现.电子器件,2007,30(6): 2189-2191
[50]钱静,翁佩德,罗家融,陈灼民. Ptl00温度计电阻和温度关系的拟合.低温技术,2007,35(4):290-292