聚光太阳能光伏系统的研究
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摘要
太阳能光伏发电技术是最有应用前景的太阳能利用方式。世界各国投入大量人力物力发展光伏技术。
太阳能电池是可以将光能转换为电能的器件。对常规太阳能电池进行聚光,可以提高单位面积太阳能电池的输出功率。一定程度上克服了太阳能量的分散性,所以聚光技术具有很高的研究价值和很好的应用前景。聚光太阳能发电系统由聚光器组件、散热器组件、高效太阳能电池、太阳能对日追踪机构组成。其中最重要的是聚光器组件,它直接影响聚光太阳能电池输出功率的高低。
本文阐明了聚光太阳能发电系统的发展现状,聚光器的种类及其聚光原理,特别说明了双球面和抛物面-双曲面聚光器的原理。计算、设计,研制了双球面型和抛物面-双曲面型二次反射聚光器。具体进行了选材、模具设计、透镜加工等方面的大量工作,并将其与多晶硅电池结合,组成聚光光伏电池系统。在实验室及室外阳光下进行了聚光光伏实验,测量聚光多晶硅电池组件的输出特性,并与多晶硅电池(无聚光)实验数据相比较。结果表明,(1)双球面聚光系统输出短路电流、开路电压、输出功率分别比多晶硅电池(无聚光)提高了2.67、1.11、3.11倍。(2)抛物面-双曲面聚光系统输出短路电流、开路电压、输出功率分别比多晶硅电池(无聚光)输出功率分别提高了2.3、1.04、2.52倍。实验结果说明聚光器可以有效的提高入射光强。所以利用双球面和抛物柱曲面反射聚光器的聚光太阳能装置可以有效提高入射光强即提高太阳能电池的输出功率。
在完成聚光组件的研制工作基础上,对单轴追踪器的原理进行分析、研究。设计单轴追踪器机械结构,并加工、组装成型。并进行单轴追踪器调试,检验。
Solar photovoltaic power technology is the most promising ways of solar energy utilization. It can increase the per unit area of solar cells power output using concentrator. To a certain extent, concentrating technology can overcome the sun energy dispersive and has the very good application prospects. Using cheap materials manufacturing concentrator, it will gather sunlight to small area of solar cell. Therefore, it greatly reduces expensive solar cell’s material consumption and cost of photovoltaic energy system. The systems of concentrating solar power generation it was composed by condenser, radiator parts, high efficiency solar cells and tracking devices.
This paper mainly discusses double spherical and parabolic mirror surface column of parabolic dish concentrator. Double spherical and parabolic column camber reflected by a quadratic convergent system secondary mirror, mirror. The light path is: first reflector focus sunshine to secondary reflector, secondary reflector focused sunshine further.
The principle of solar cells, increasing light intensity can improve output current and increase the output voltage. In order to verify the effect of parabolic dish concentrator, polysilicon output characteristics measuring experiment carry out in laboratory and outdoor. The concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) Systems were composed of poly-silicon cells and the first concentrators which experiments were carried out at room temperature. Comparing to the convenient (non-concentrated) PV systems, the CPV systems output power increased 3.1 and 2.5 times. The results shown that solar cells output power could increased by using the Secondary Reflected Concentrators. It has a good prospect of application because it can overcome the dispersion of sunlight to a certain extent.
After completing the work of design concentrating solar component, a single-axis tracking devices was designed, it enhanced practicality of condenser system. Single-axis tracking devices can extend the solar cell solar radiation and improve its duration turbine.
太阳能电池是可以将光能转换为电能的器件。对常规太阳能电池进行聚光,可以提高单位面积太阳能电池的输出功率。一定程度上克服了太阳能量的分散性,所以聚光技术具有很高的研究价值和很好的应用前景。聚光太阳能发电系统由聚光器组件、散热器组件、高效太阳能电池、太阳能对日追踪机构组成。其中最重要的是聚光器组件,它直接影响聚光太阳能电池输出功率的高低。
本文阐明了聚光太阳能发电系统的发展现状,聚光器的种类及其聚光原理,特别说明了双球面和抛物面-双曲面聚光器的原理。计算、设计,研制了双球面型和抛物面-双曲面型二次反射聚光器。具体进行了选材、模具设计、透镜加工等方面的大量工作,并将其与多晶硅电池结合,组成聚光光伏电池系统。在实验室及室外阳光下进行了聚光光伏实验,测量聚光多晶硅电池组件的输出特性,并与多晶硅电池(无聚光)实验数据相比较。结果表明,(1)双球面聚光系统输出短路电流、开路电压、输出功率分别比多晶硅电池(无聚光)提高了2.67、1.11、3.11倍。(2)抛物面-双曲面聚光系统输出短路电流、开路电压、输出功率分别比多晶硅电池(无聚光)输出功率分别提高了2.3、1.04、2.52倍。实验结果说明聚光器可以有效的提高入射光强。所以利用双球面和抛物柱曲面反射聚光器的聚光太阳能装置可以有效提高入射光强即提高太阳能电池的输出功率。
在完成聚光组件的研制工作基础上,对单轴追踪器的原理进行分析、研究。设计单轴追踪器机械结构,并加工、组装成型。并进行单轴追踪器调试,检验。
Solar photovoltaic power technology is the most promising ways of solar energy utilization. It can increase the per unit area of solar cells power output using concentrator. To a certain extent, concentrating technology can overcome the sun energy dispersive and has the very good application prospects. Using cheap materials manufacturing concentrator, it will gather sunlight to small area of solar cell. Therefore, it greatly reduces expensive solar cell’s material consumption and cost of photovoltaic energy system. The systems of concentrating solar power generation it was composed by condenser, radiator parts, high efficiency solar cells and tracking devices.
This paper mainly discusses double spherical and parabolic mirror surface column of parabolic dish concentrator. Double spherical and parabolic column camber reflected by a quadratic convergent system secondary mirror, mirror. The light path is: first reflector focus sunshine to secondary reflector, secondary reflector focused sunshine further.
The principle of solar cells, increasing light intensity can improve output current and increase the output voltage. In order to verify the effect of parabolic dish concentrator, polysilicon output characteristics measuring experiment carry out in laboratory and outdoor. The concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) Systems were composed of poly-silicon cells and the first concentrators which experiments were carried out at room temperature. Comparing to the convenient (non-concentrated) PV systems, the CPV systems output power increased 3.1 and 2.5 times. The results shown that solar cells output power could increased by using the Secondary Reflected Concentrators. It has a good prospect of application because it can overcome the dispersion of sunlight to a certain extent.
After completing the work of design concentrating solar component, a single-axis tracking devices was designed, it enhanced practicality of condenser system. Single-axis tracking devices can extend the solar cell solar radiation and improve its duration turbine.
引文
[1] Fraas Robert M. Path to affordable solar electric power &the 35% efficient solar cell[D]Lewis M Fraas JX Crystals lnc,2004
[2]刘海良.光伏瓦片的设计与制作.大连交通大学.硕士学位论文
[3]格林.光伏技术的最新发展.Solar Energy,1976,1-3
[4]谢富昌.不同类型光伏电池的发电性能研究.太阳能.2003,5:24-25
[5] PV Roadmap for Europe ,Wolfgang PALZ, TECHNICAL DIGEST 15th International Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Conference,October 2005:10-15
[6]我国多晶硅生产技术打破国外垄断.阳光能源.2005,12
[7]郭爱萍,孙强.基于GaAs半导体太阳电池技术发展概况[J].电源技术.2007,31(9):757-758
[8]李雷.砷化镓太阳能光伏电池发展现状分析.中华新能源.2009,7:21-21
[9]石定寰.发展我国光伏事业的思考.太阳能.2003,1:34-35
[10] PV Roadmap for Europe ,Wolfgang PALZ,TECHNICAL DIGEST 15th International Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Conference,October 2005,10-15
[11]王建平,杨金付,徐晓冰.一种聚光型太阳能光伏系统的研究.能源研究与利用.2007,19:01-04
[12] Antonio M, Antonio L.Next Generation Photovohaics High Efficiency through Full Spectrum Utilization.Bristol and Phila.delphia:Institute of Physics Publishing.2002:64-64
[13] Whitfield GR,Beney RW,we CK, eta1.The development of small concentrating pv systems[A].29th IEEE PVSC[C].New Orleans,2002:1377-1379
[14] [美]胡晨明,R M怀特著,李采华译.太阳电池[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1990
[15]张耀明,王军,张文进等.太阳能热发电系列文章(1),聚光类太阳能热发电概述.太阳能.2006,1:27-28
[16]田玮,王一平,韩立君,等.聚光光伏技术的发展.太阳能学报.26,4:45-46
[17] Paehon D, Anton I, G Sob.Rating and modelling of concerttrator systems[A].29th IEEE PVSC[C].New Orleans,2002:01-13
[18] Hampe C,Metz A,Hezel R.Innovative silicon-concentrator solar cells for thermo ophotovohaie application[A],17th EC Photovoltaic solar energy conference[C],Munich(Germany),2001
[19] Sakuta K,Sawata S,Tanimoto M.Luminescent concentrator module of a practical size[A].First WCPEC[C].Hawaii,1994:ll15-l118
[20] Ludman J, Rieeobono J,Reinhand N, eta1.Holographic solar concentrator for terrestrial Photovoltaic[A].Fimt WCPEC[C].Hawaii, 1994:1208-1215
[21] [美]汉斯劳申巴赫著,张金熹,廖春发,傅德棣等译.太阳电池阵设计手册[M],北京:宇航出版社,1987
[22] Bowden S[A]high efficiency photovoltaic roof tile[D].Sydney:University of new south wales(PhDthesis), 1996
[23] Whiflield GR,Bentley RW,Weatherby C K,etal.The development of small concentrating PV systems[A].29th IEEE PVSC[C].New Orleans,2002:1377—1379
[24] Dean Faklis ,Michael J.Hoppe. Effects of diffractionefficiency on the performance of diffractive relay optics.S PIE ,1994,2218:115-119
[25] Lorenzo E,Luque E.Comparison of Fresnel lenses and parabolicmirors as solar energy concentrators[J].Applied Optics,1982,21(10):1851-1853
[26]林福生等.用于聚光太阳能电池的费涅尔透镜设计.太阳能学报.1982,3:2-161
[27]施钰川,李新德.太阳能应用[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,2001,177-177
[28]许志龙,刘菊东等.蝶式光伏发电聚光器的研制.太阳能学报.2007,2:28-28
[29]肖遵林,施钰川.槽式太阳能聚光器的研究.可再生能源.2007,2:4-25
[30]河海大学,南京中材天成新能源有限公司,王军等.CPC在太阳能热利用中的应用.太阳能.太阳能热发电系列文章(14)
[31]张胜柱,崔文学.CPC设计原理.太阳能.2004,5:37-38
[32]江守利,陈则韶等.二次反射聚光分频光伏系统的光学分析.工程热物理学报.2008,5:29-29
[33]李晓彤,岑兆非.《几何光学·像差·光学设计》.浙江大学出版社
[34]刘帅.聚光型光伏电池及材料与设计.大连交通大学.本科学位论文
[2]刘海良.光伏瓦片的设计与制作.大连交通大学.硕士学位论文
[3]格林.光伏技术的最新发展.Solar Energy,1976,1-3
[4]谢富昌.不同类型光伏电池的发电性能研究.太阳能.2003,5:24-25
[5] PV Roadmap for Europe ,Wolfgang PALZ, TECHNICAL DIGEST 15th International Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Conference,October 2005:10-15
[6]我国多晶硅生产技术打破国外垄断.阳光能源.2005,12
[7]郭爱萍,孙强.基于GaAs半导体太阳电池技术发展概况[J].电源技术.2007,31(9):757-758
[8]李雷.砷化镓太阳能光伏电池发展现状分析.中华新能源.2009,7:21-21
[9]石定寰.发展我国光伏事业的思考.太阳能.2003,1:34-35
[10] PV Roadmap for Europe ,Wolfgang PALZ,TECHNICAL DIGEST 15th International Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Conference,October 2005,10-15
[11]王建平,杨金付,徐晓冰.一种聚光型太阳能光伏系统的研究.能源研究与利用.2007,19:01-04
[12] Antonio M, Antonio L.Next Generation Photovohaics High Efficiency through Full Spectrum Utilization.Bristol and Phila.delphia:Institute of Physics Publishing.2002:64-64
[13] Whitfield GR,Beney RW,we CK, eta1.The development of small concentrating pv systems[A].29th IEEE PVSC[C].New Orleans,2002:1377-1379
[14] [美]胡晨明,R M怀特著,李采华译.太阳电池[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1990
[15]张耀明,王军,张文进等.太阳能热发电系列文章(1),聚光类太阳能热发电概述.太阳能.2006,1:27-28
[16]田玮,王一平,韩立君,等.聚光光伏技术的发展.太阳能学报.26,4:45-46
[17] Paehon D, Anton I, G Sob.Rating and modelling of concerttrator systems[A].29th IEEE PVSC[C].New Orleans,2002:01-13
[18] Hampe C,Metz A,Hezel R.Innovative silicon-concentrator solar cells for thermo ophotovohaie application[A],17th EC Photovoltaic solar energy conference[C],Munich(Germany),2001
[19] Sakuta K,Sawata S,Tanimoto M.Luminescent concentrator module of a practical size[A].First WCPEC[C].Hawaii,1994:ll15-l118
[20] Ludman J, Rieeobono J,Reinhand N, eta1.Holographic solar concentrator for terrestrial Photovoltaic[A].Fimt WCPEC[C].Hawaii, 1994:1208-1215
[21] [美]汉斯劳申巴赫著,张金熹,廖春发,傅德棣等译.太阳电池阵设计手册[M],北京:宇航出版社,1987
[22] Bowden S[A]high efficiency photovoltaic roof tile[D].Sydney:University of new south wales(PhDthesis), 1996
[23] Whiflield GR,Bentley RW,Weatherby C K,etal.The development of small concentrating PV systems[A].29th IEEE PVSC[C].New Orleans,2002:1377—1379
[24] Dean Faklis ,Michael J.Hoppe. Effects of diffractionefficiency on the performance of diffractive relay optics.S PIE ,1994,2218:115-119
[25] Lorenzo E,Luque E.Comparison of Fresnel lenses and parabolicmirors as solar energy concentrators[J].Applied Optics,1982,21(10):1851-1853
[26]林福生等.用于聚光太阳能电池的费涅尔透镜设计.太阳能学报.1982,3:2-161
[27]施钰川,李新德.太阳能应用[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,2001,177-177
[28]许志龙,刘菊东等.蝶式光伏发电聚光器的研制.太阳能学报.2007,2:28-28
[29]肖遵林,施钰川.槽式太阳能聚光器的研究.可再生能源.2007,2:4-25
[30]河海大学,南京中材天成新能源有限公司,王军等.CPC在太阳能热利用中的应用.太阳能.太阳能热发电系列文章(14)
[31]张胜柱,崔文学.CPC设计原理.太阳能.2004,5:37-38
[32]江守利,陈则韶等.二次反射聚光分频光伏系统的光学分析.工程热物理学报.2008,5:29-29
[33]李晓彤,岑兆非.《几何光学·像差·光学设计》.浙江大学出版社
[34]刘帅.聚光型光伏电池及材料与设计.大连交通大学.本科学位论文