倾斜地表条件下隧道开挖面稳定与地表塌陷控制研究
|
摘要
在山岭隧道施工中,由于洞口段围岩条件差,常以土质围岩和全风化围岩为主,并伴随着山体的纵向推力和偏压作用,使得隧道洞口段开挖面坍塌冒顶事故常有发生。因而,洞口段施工是隧道施工中的重点难点地段。
本文针对隧道洞口段的工程地质特点,在详细的现场调查和文献查阅的基础上,对隧道洞口段开挖面失稳特征进行了数值模拟研究,并针对维持洞口段开挖面稳定而提出相应的超前预加固措施。主要研究内容如下：
(1)详细分析了河源洞、狮子垄隧道开挖面坍塌的工程案例,介绍了坍塌的经过,坍塌的形态特征,并分析了坍塌发生的原因,然后通过文献查阅和现场实际调查,总结了部分隧道洞口段开挖面发生坍塌的工程实例,总结得出洞口段隧道开挖面失稳规律；
(2)通过FLAC3D有限差分程序,针对不同工况下隧道洞口段开挖面失稳情况进行模拟计算,研究开挖面失稳引起的相应的地表沉降、开挖面位移、塑性区分布、开挖面附近围岩应力重分布等规律,得出隧道洞口段开挖面失稳的形态特征；
(3)提出维持开挖面稳定的超前预加固措施,利用数值计算方法评价其预加固效果,对比分析得出维持开挖面稳定的合理的预加固措施。
In the construction of mountain tunnels, the portal section has bad surrounding rock conditions, which consists mainly of terrene surrounding rocks and the completely-weathered surrounding rocks with the help of the mountains'longitudinal thrust and bias pressure, leading to accidents of roof falling and the cave-in of the heading face at the tunnel portal section. Therefore, the tunnel portal section is always an important and difficult part in tunnel construction.
Focusing on geological and engineering characteristics of the portal section, this article goes on field investigations and document retrievals in details about the tunnel heading face's features of collapses, and at the same time uses FLAC3D to do numerical simulation and research on its collapse as well as puts forward related the advance strengthening measures. The mainly research contents are as followings:
(1) Specifically analyze engineering projects of collapses of He Yuandong and Shi Zilong tunnel heading face, introducing the process and morphological feature of the collapses, analysing the reasons of collapses, summarizing the project cases of working face collapses at the entrance sections of certain tunnels and the collapse rules;
(2) Through FLAC3D, focuse on different working conditions and do numerical simulation for the collapse of heading face of tunnel portral, study its related ground settlement, heading face displacement, distribution of plastic zone, stress redistribution and so on, obtain the morphological feature of the working face unstability at the tunnel entrance section;
(3) Put forward the advance strengthening measures to ensure the working face stability, evaluate its effects through numerical simulation, draw a conclusion on the reasonable measures to ensure the heading face stability according to a contrast and analysis.
本文针对隧道洞口段的工程地质特点,在详细的现场调查和文献查阅的基础上,对隧道洞口段开挖面失稳特征进行了数值模拟研究,并针对维持洞口段开挖面稳定而提出相应的超前预加固措施。主要研究内容如下：
(1)详细分析了河源洞、狮子垄隧道开挖面坍塌的工程案例,介绍了坍塌的经过,坍塌的形态特征,并分析了坍塌发生的原因,然后通过文献查阅和现场实际调查,总结了部分隧道洞口段开挖面发生坍塌的工程实例,总结得出洞口段隧道开挖面失稳规律；
(2)通过FLAC3D有限差分程序,针对不同工况下隧道洞口段开挖面失稳情况进行模拟计算,研究开挖面失稳引起的相应的地表沉降、开挖面位移、塑性区分布、开挖面附近围岩应力重分布等规律,得出隧道洞口段开挖面失稳的形态特征；
(3)提出维持开挖面稳定的超前预加固措施,利用数值计算方法评价其预加固效果,对比分析得出维持开挖面稳定的合理的预加固措施。
In the construction of mountain tunnels, the portal section has bad surrounding rock conditions, which consists mainly of terrene surrounding rocks and the completely-weathered surrounding rocks with the help of the mountains'longitudinal thrust and bias pressure, leading to accidents of roof falling and the cave-in of the heading face at the tunnel portal section. Therefore, the tunnel portal section is always an important and difficult part in tunnel construction.
Focusing on geological and engineering characteristics of the portal section, this article goes on field investigations and document retrievals in details about the tunnel heading face's features of collapses, and at the same time uses FLAC3D to do numerical simulation and research on its collapse as well as puts forward related the advance strengthening measures. The mainly research contents are as followings:
(1) Specifically analyze engineering projects of collapses of He Yuandong and Shi Zilong tunnel heading face, introducing the process and morphological feature of the collapses, analysing the reasons of collapses, summarizing the project cases of working face collapses at the entrance sections of certain tunnels and the collapse rules;
(2) Through FLAC3D, focuse on different working conditions and do numerical simulation for the collapse of heading face of tunnel portral, study its related ground settlement, heading face displacement, distribution of plastic zone, stress redistribution and so on, obtain the morphological feature of the working face unstability at the tunnel entrance section;
(3) Put forward the advance strengthening measures to ensure the working face stability, evaluate its effects through numerical simulation, draw a conclusion on the reasonable measures to ensure the heading face stability according to a contrast and analysis.
引文
[1]日本社团法人土木学会隧道工学委员会.日本隧道工程标准规范及解说—山岳隧道篇(译本)[M].台北：中兴工程科技研究发展基金会,2001
[2]中华人民共和国交通部发布.公路隧道设计规范(JTG D70-2004)[S],北京：人民交通出版社,2004
[3]周峰.山岭隧道塌方风险模糊层次评估研究[D].长沙：中南大学硕士学位论文,2008
[4]Borms B B, Bennerrnark H. Stability of clay at vertical openings[J]. Journal of tike soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,1967,93(1):71-94
[5]Peck,R.B. Deep excavations and tunneling in soft ground[A], In:Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering [C], Mexico City:Sociedad Mexicana de Mecanica de Suelos,1969:225-290
[6]Peck R B, Hendron A J. et al. State of the art of soft ground tunneling.Proc.1972 RETC.(Chicago).1.259-280
[7]Kimura T, Mair J R. Centrifugal testing of model tunnels in soft clay[A]. Proc.10th Int. Conf. Mechanical and Foundation Engineering[C] (Stocklom). 2,1981.319-322
[8]Egger P..Deformation at the face of the leading and determination of the cohesion of the rock mass. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology.1980(4): 313-318
[9]Ellstein,A.R..Heading failure of lined tunnels in soft soils. Tunnels and tunneling. 1986(18):51-54
[10]Cornejo L. Instability at the face:its repercussions for tunneling technology Tunnels and Tunneling 1989(21):69-74
[11]Davis E H, Gunn M J, Mair R J, et al..The stability of shallow tunnels and underground openings in cohesive material[J].Geotechnique,1980,30(4): 397-416
[12]Sloan, S. W. and Assaddi. A. Stability of shallow tunnels in soft ground[C]. Predictive Soil Mechanics.Proc. Wroth memorial symposium[A]. Oxford.1993: 644-663
[13]裴洪军,孙树林,吴绍明,裴红岩,苑明文.隧道盾构法施工开挖面稳定性研究方法评析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2005,1(1)：117-129
[14]Drucker D C, Greenberg H J, Prager W. The safety factor of an elastic-plastic body in plane strain [J]. Journal of Applied Mechanics. Vol 18,1951
[15]Drucker D C, Prager W, Greenberg H J. Extended limit design theorems for continuous media [J]. Quarterly of Applied Mathematics.1952,9:381-391
[16]Atkinson J H, Potts D M. Stability of shallow tunnel in cohesionless soil [J]. Geotechnique,1977,27(2):203-215
[17]Leca E, Dormieux L. Upper and lower bound solutions for the face stability of shallow circular tunnels in frictional material [J], Geotechnique,1990,40(4): 581-606
[18]Broere W. Tunnel Face Stability & New CPT Applications[M]. Netherlands:Delft University Press,2001
[19]Venneer P A, Bonnier PG., Molller S C. On a smart use of 3D-FEM in tunneling[A]. In:The 8th International Symosium on Numerical Models in Geomechanics[C]. Itality,2002
[20]Lee I M, Nam S W. The study of seepage forces acting on the tunnel lining and tunnel face in shallow tunnels[J]. Tunnels and Underground Space Technology, 2001,16(1):31-40
[21]Lee I M, Nam S W, Jae H A. Effect of seepage force on tunnel face stability[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2003,40:342-350
[22]Lee I M, Lee J S, Nam S W. Effect of seepage force on tunnel face stability reinforced with muti-step pipe grouting[J]. Tunnels and Underground Space Technology,2004,19:551-565
[23]Soubra A H. Three-dimensional face stability analysis of shallow circular tunnels[C]. International Conference on Geotechnical and Geological Engineering,19-24 November 2000. Melbourne, Australia
[24]Soubra A H. Kinematical approach to the face stability analysis of shallow circular tunnels[C].8th International Symposium on Plasticity,443-445. Canada, British Columbia
[25]Mollon G, Dias D, Soubra A H. Two new limit analysis mechanisms for the computation of the collapse pressures of circular tunnel driven by a pressurized shield[C].2th International conference on computational methods in tunneling, Ruhr University Bochum,9-11 September 2009, Aedificatio Publishers, 849-856
[26]Subrin D, Wong H. Tunnel face stability in frictional material:a new 3D failure mechanism[J]. C. R. Mecanique,2002,330:513-519. (In French)
[27]Subrin D, Branque D, Berthoz N, Wong H. Kinematic 3D approaches to evaluate TBM face stability:Comparison with experimental laboratory observations[C]. 2th International conference on computational methods in tunneling, Ruhr University Bochum,9-11 September 2009, Aedificatio Publishers,801-808
[28]Sloan S W, Assadi A. Undrained stability of a square tunnel in a soil whose strength increases linearly with depth[J]. Computer and Geotechnics,1991,12: 321-346
[29]姜功良.浅埋软土隧道稳定性极限分析[J].土木工程学报,1998,31(5)：65-72
[30]Augarde C E, Lyamin A V, Sloan S W. Stability of an undrained plane strain heading revisited [J], Computers and Geotechnics,2003,30:419-430
[31]Wilson D W, Abbo A J, Sloan S W, Lyamin A V. Undrained Stability of Dual Square Tunnels[C]. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference of IACMAG, Goa,2008,10:4284-4291
[32]杨峰.浅埋隧道围岩稳定性的极限分析上限法研究[D].长沙：中南大学博士学位论文,2009
[33]Jancsecz S, Steiner W. Face support for a large mix-shield in heterogenous ground conditions [A].In:Conference proceeding Institute of Mining and Metallurgy and British Tunnelling Society[C],London,1994,531-549
[34]Broere W. Tunnel Face Stability & New CPT Applications[M]. Netherlands: Delft University Press,2001
[35]魏纲.顶管工程土与结构的性状及理论研究[D].杭州：浙江大学博士学位论文,2005
[36]乔金丽,张义同,高健.考虑渗流的多层土盾构隧道开挖面稳定性分析[J].岩土力学,2010,31(5)：1497-1502
[37]Maidl B, Herrenknetcht M, Anheuser L. Mechanised Shield Tunnelling[M]. Berlin:Ernst & Sohn Verlag fur Architektur and techn,1996
[38]尹旅超,朱振宏,李玉珍,等译.日本隧道盾构新技术[M].湖北：华中理工大学出版社,1999
[39]李韵,张子新.泥浆渗透对盾构开挖面稳定性的影响研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(Supp.2)：464-468
[40]Argyle D N. An investigation into the collapse of tunnel headings in dense sand[R]. England:Cambridge University Engineering Tripos,1976
[41]Aspden R. Collapse of online tunnels with headings in dense sand[R]. England: Cambridge University Engineering Tripos,1976
[42]Sharma J S, Bolton M D. A New Technique for Simulation of Collapse of a Tunnel in a Drum Centrifuge[R]. CUED/D-SoildTRZ86,1995
[43]Nomoto T, Ueno K, OKusakabe, et al. centrifuge modeling of construction processes of shield tunnel[A]. In:Mair, Taylor. Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground[M]. Rotterdam:Balkema,1996: 567-52
[44]Nomoto T, Ueno K,OKusakabe, et al. centrifuge modeling of construction processes of shield tunnel[A]. In:Mair, Taylor. Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground[M]. Rotterdam:Balkema,1996: 567-572
[45]Bolton M D, Lu Y C, Sharma J S.Centrifuge models of tunnel construction and compensation grouting[A].In:Main Taylor. Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground[M]. Rotterdam:Balkema,1996: 471-477
[46]Taylor R N. Panel contribution:Interplay between physical and numerical models as applied in engineering practice[A]. In:Proceeding 15th Internation. Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering[C]. Tokyo:Balkema, 2001:2207-2208
[47]Atkinson J H, Potts D M. Stability of a shallow circular tunnel in cohesionless soil[J]. G'eotechnique,1977,27(2):203-215
[48]Chambon P, Cort'e J F. Shallow tunnels in cohesionless soil:Stability of tunnel face[J]. ASCE Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1994(120):1148-1165
[49]Mair R J. Centrifuge modeling of tunnel construction in soft clay[Ph.D. Thesis] [D]. London:Cambridge University,1979
[50]Mair R J, Taylor R N. Theme lecture:Bored tunneling in the urban environment [A].In:Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering[C]. Rotterdam,1997:2353-2385
[51]Domon T, Konda T, Nishimura K, et al. Model tests on face stability of tunnels in granular material[A]. In:Negro Jr., Ferreira. Tunnels and Metropolises[M]. Rotterdam:Balkema,1998:229-234
[52]Takehiro ohta, Hideo kiya et al. Experimental Study and Numerical Analysis on the Stability of Tunnel Face in Sandy Ground[J], Quarterly Report of RTRI, 2001,42(3):156-160
[53]Ansgar Kirsch. Experimental investigation of the face stability of shallow tunnels in sand[J], Acta Geotechnical,2010, (5):43-62
[54]程展林,吴忠明,徐言勇.砂基中泥浆盾构法隧道施工开挖面稳定性试验研究[J].长江科学院院报,2001,18(5)：53-55
[55]周小文,濮家骝.砂土中隧洞开挖引起的地面沉降试验研究明[J].岩土力学,2002,23(5)：559-563
[56]张云,殷宗泽.埋管隧道竖向地层压力的研究[J].岩土力学,2001,22(2)：184-188
[57]周小文,濮家骝,包承纲.隧洞拱冠砂土位移与破坏的离心模型试验研究[J].岩土力学,1999,20(2)：32-36
[58]周小文,濮家骝,殷昆亭,包承纲.南水北调穿黄隧洞衬砌土压力离心试验研究.水利水电技术,1999,130(5)：58-60
[59]徐东,周顺华,黄广军.上海粘土的成拱能力探讨[J].上海铁道大学学报,1999,20(6)：49-54
[60]李昀,张子新,张冠军.泥水平衡盾构开挖面稳定模型试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2007.29(7)：1074-1079
[61]童建军.厦门东通道海底隧道翔安端砂层地段掌子面稳定性研究[D].成都：西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2008
[62]童建军.砂土围岩隧道掌子面破坏模式及影响因素研究[J].路基工程,2010,(4)：72-74
[63]陈炜韬.厦门海底隧道陆域段土质围岩稳定性及预加固技术研究[D].成都：西南交通大学博士学位论文,2009
[64]Chan A H C, Sharpe L, Chapman DN, et al. Prediction of subsurface settlements and fining response due to a new tunnelling operations using finite element analyses[A].In:Proc.15th 1nt. Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering[C]. Tokyo:Balkema,2001:1383-1386
[65]Alan Graham Bloodworth. Three-dimensional analysis of tunnelling effects on structures to develop design methods[D]. Oxford:College of Oxford University, 2002
[66]王敏强,陈胜宏.盾构推进隧道结构三维非线性有限元仿真[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(2)：228-232
[67]朱合华,刘庭金.超浅埋盾构法隧道施工方案三维有限元分析[J].现代隧道技术.2001,38(6)：14-18
[68]孙钧,刘洪洲.交叠隧道盾构法施工土体变形的三维数值模拟[J].同济大学 学报,2002,30(4)：379-385
[69]李强,曾德顺.垂直交叉隧道的计算分析[J].建筑技术开发,2001,28(2)：2-5
[70]Lee K M, Rowe R K. Analysis of three-dimensional ground movements:the Thunder Bay Tunnel[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1991,Vol.28(1):25-41
[71]Swoboda G. Mansour M. Three dimension numericalling of slurry shield tunneling[A]. In:Wanger H,Schulter A. Tunnel Boring Machines[M]. Rotterdam: Balkema.1996:27-41
[72]Romo M P, Diaz M C. Face Stability and Ground Settlement in Shield Tunneling [A]. In:Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering Tenth International Conference.A.A.BaIkema,1981:357-359
[73]Antdo A, Gomes C A. Comparision of numerical prediction of tunnels using finite element method and limit analysis with centrifugal tests[A]. In: Fernandes. Application of Computational Mechanics in Geotechnical Engineering[M]. Lisse:Swets & Zeitlinger,2001:157-164
[74]Rowe R K, Lo K Y, Kack G J. A method of estimating surface settlement above tunnels constructed in soft ground[J]. Canda Geotechnical Journal,1983 (20):11-22
[75]Finno R J, Clough G W. Evaluation of soil response to EPB shield tunneling[J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering.1985,111(2):155-173
[76]于宁,朱合华.盾构施工仿真及其相邻影响的数值分析[J].岩土力学,2004,25(2)：292-296
[77]朱合华,丁文其,李晓军.盾构隧道施工力学性态模拟及工程应用[J].土木工程学报,2000,33(3)：98-103
[78]李园,孙群岭.盾构隧道施工过程的有限元分析[J].低温建筑技术,2003(6)：55-56
[79]孙钧,朱合华.软弱围岩隧洞施工性态的力学模拟与分析[J].岩土力学.1994,15(4)：20-32
[80]王敏强,陈宏胜.盾构推进隧道结构三维非线性有限元仿真[J].岩石力学及工程学报,2002,21(2)：228-232
[81]秦建设.盾构施工开挖面变形与破坏机理研究[D].南京：河海大学博士学位论文,2005
[82]秦建设,尤爱菊.盾构隧道开挖面稳定数值模拟研究[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2005,(1)：27-30
[83]朱伟,秦建设,卢廷浩.砂土中盾构开挖面变形与破坏数值模拟研究[J].岩 土工程学报,2005,27(8)：897-902
[84]高立群.大直径盾构正面稳定性研究[D].上海：同济大学硕士学位论文,2006
[85]李君.盾构开挖面稳定性理论与试验研究[D].杭州：浙江大学硕士学位论文,2010
[86]湖南省交通规划勘察设计院.厦门至成都国家高速公路湖南汝城至郴州公路第四合同段两阶段施工图设计,长沙,2008.8
[87]湖南省交通规划勘察设计院.湖南省长沙至湘潭高速公路(复线)第十一合同段两阶段施工图设计,长沙,2009.5
[88]寇晓婷,薄文明.某水电站导流洞出口塌方处理[J].施工技术《河南水利与南水北调》.2010,(12)：51-52
[89]李春生.佛岭隧道洞口浅埋软弱围岩段施工方法研究[D].北京：北京交通大学硕士学位论文.2009
[90]贾新杰.洋坊隧道左洞塌方病害整治[J].现代隧道技术.2010,47(6)：95-99
[91]黄福波.油房头隧道塌方处理施工技术[J].铁道建筑.2006,2：29-31
[92]王忠勋.京珠高速公路粤境北段乌坑坝隧道右线出口塌方处理[J].广东公路交通.2001,4：39-41
[93]安军,覃文杰,彭东祥.雷公山隧道软弱围岩坍方处理[J].辽宁高职学报.2003,5(4)：130-133
[94]张广宪.马鞍石隧道塌方治理[J].企业技术开发.2004,23(6)：26-30
[95]李听,张涛.九嶷山隧道洞口浅埋段塌方处理及总结[J].山西建筑.2010,36(26)：297-298
[96]楚亚慧.隧道浅埋段塌方处理浅谈[J].辽宁交通科技.2003,2：45-46
[97]梁大鹏.隧道坍塌方处理及防治措施[J].山西建筑.2003,29(14)：119-120
[98]唐永红,周游.金丽温高速公路船寮隧道塌方处理[J].湖南交通科技.2005,31(2)：104-106
[99]任会,赵明华,张进华,等.土地坳隧道塌方段注浆方案综述[J].中南公路工程.2006,31(1)：40-42
[100]郜满珍,王君堂.坪籁连拱隧道塌方综合治理技术[J].山西建筑.2007,33(5)：289-290
[101]何琴,王方,谢文利.超前支护在处理父子关隧道塌方中的应用[J].岩土工程界.2006,10(4)：47-49
[102]刘旭.乌竹岭隧道塌方事故原因分析和处治方法研究[D].长春：吉林大学硕士学位论文.2008
[103]李春.广西公路隧道洞口段支护技术研究[D].南宁：广西大学硕士学位论文.2006
[104]王林.黄(山)塔(岭)高速公路大跨度隧道施工技术研究[D].西安：长安大学硕士学位论文.2008
[105]刘波,韩彦辉.FLAC原理、实例与应用指南[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2005
[106]刘成宇.土力学[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2000
[107]中华人民共和国交通运输部发布.公路隧道设计细则[S],北京：人民交通出版社,2008
[108]关宝树.隧道工程施工要点集[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2003
[109]孔恒.城市地下工程浅埋暗挖地层预加固理论与实践.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2009
[110]孔恒.城市地铁隧道浅埋暗挖法地层预加固机理及其应用研究.北京：北京交通大学博士学位论文,2003
[111]葛家良.软岩巷道注浆加固机理及注浆技术若干问题的研究.徐州：中国矿业大学博士学位论文,1995
[112]陈炎光,陆士良.中国煤矿巷道围岩控制.徐州：中国矿业大学出版社,1995
[113]达维道夫B.B.加固矿山岩层的化学方法.北京：煤炭工业出版社,1981
[114]周维恒,杨若琼.二滩拱坝注浆电镜扫描结果分析.国际岩土灌浆及锚固技术新发展.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1997
[115]孙钊.大坝基岩灌浆.北京：中国水利水电出版社,2004
[116]贾新,袁勇,李焯芬.新型玻璃纤维增强塑料砂浆锚杆的黏结性能试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,26(10)
[117]Lunardi Pietro, Design and Construction of Tunnels ADECO-RS approach[J]. Tunnels& Tunnelling International special supplement, May 2000
[118]李显锋.水平旋喷桩在浅埋暗挖隧道工程中的应用研究[J].市政技术,2008,26(4)：323-325
[119]吴波,高波,骆建军.地铁区间隧道水平旋喷预加固效果数值模拟[J].西南交通大学学报,2004,39(5)：605-608
[120]路德富.水平高压旋喷注浆技术在城市浅埋隧道预支护中的应用[J].探矿工程,2008,(5)：72-74
[121]张彦斌.水平旋喷注浆预支护技术作用机理与效果研究[D].北京：北京交通大学硕士学位论文,2006
[122]雷小朋.水平旋喷桩预支护作用机理及效果研究[D].西安：西安科技大学硕士学位论文,2009
[2]中华人民共和国交通部发布.公路隧道设计规范(JTG D70-2004)[S],北京：人民交通出版社,2004
[3]周峰.山岭隧道塌方风险模糊层次评估研究[D].长沙：中南大学硕士学位论文,2008
[4]Borms B B, Bennerrnark H. Stability of clay at vertical openings[J]. Journal of tike soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,1967,93(1):71-94
[5]Peck,R.B. Deep excavations and tunneling in soft ground[A], In:Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering [C], Mexico City:Sociedad Mexicana de Mecanica de Suelos,1969:225-290
[6]Peck R B, Hendron A J. et al. State of the art of soft ground tunneling.Proc.1972 RETC.(Chicago).1.259-280
[7]Kimura T, Mair J R. Centrifugal testing of model tunnels in soft clay[A]. Proc.10th Int. Conf. Mechanical and Foundation Engineering[C] (Stocklom). 2,1981.319-322
[8]Egger P..Deformation at the face of the leading and determination of the cohesion of the rock mass. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology.1980(4): 313-318
[9]Ellstein,A.R..Heading failure of lined tunnels in soft soils. Tunnels and tunneling. 1986(18):51-54
[10]Cornejo L. Instability at the face:its repercussions for tunneling technology Tunnels and Tunneling 1989(21):69-74
[11]Davis E H, Gunn M J, Mair R J, et al..The stability of shallow tunnels and underground openings in cohesive material[J].Geotechnique,1980,30(4): 397-416
[12]Sloan, S. W. and Assaddi. A. Stability of shallow tunnels in soft ground[C]. Predictive Soil Mechanics.Proc. Wroth memorial symposium[A]. Oxford.1993: 644-663
[13]裴洪军,孙树林,吴绍明,裴红岩,苑明文.隧道盾构法施工开挖面稳定性研究方法评析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2005,1(1)：117-129
[14]Drucker D C, Greenberg H J, Prager W. The safety factor of an elastic-plastic body in plane strain [J]. Journal of Applied Mechanics. Vol 18,1951
[15]Drucker D C, Prager W, Greenberg H J. Extended limit design theorems for continuous media [J]. Quarterly of Applied Mathematics.1952,9:381-391
[16]Atkinson J H, Potts D M. Stability of shallow tunnel in cohesionless soil [J]. Geotechnique,1977,27(2):203-215
[17]Leca E, Dormieux L. Upper and lower bound solutions for the face stability of shallow circular tunnels in frictional material [J], Geotechnique,1990,40(4): 581-606
[18]Broere W. Tunnel Face Stability & New CPT Applications[M]. Netherlands:Delft University Press,2001
[19]Venneer P A, Bonnier PG., Molller S C. On a smart use of 3D-FEM in tunneling[A]. In:The 8th International Symosium on Numerical Models in Geomechanics[C]. Itality,2002
[20]Lee I M, Nam S W. The study of seepage forces acting on the tunnel lining and tunnel face in shallow tunnels[J]. Tunnels and Underground Space Technology, 2001,16(1):31-40
[21]Lee I M, Nam S W, Jae H A. Effect of seepage force on tunnel face stability[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2003,40:342-350
[22]Lee I M, Lee J S, Nam S W. Effect of seepage force on tunnel face stability reinforced with muti-step pipe grouting[J]. Tunnels and Underground Space Technology,2004,19:551-565
[23]Soubra A H. Three-dimensional face stability analysis of shallow circular tunnels[C]. International Conference on Geotechnical and Geological Engineering,19-24 November 2000. Melbourne, Australia
[24]Soubra A H. Kinematical approach to the face stability analysis of shallow circular tunnels[C].8th International Symposium on Plasticity,443-445. Canada, British Columbia
[25]Mollon G, Dias D, Soubra A H. Two new limit analysis mechanisms for the computation of the collapse pressures of circular tunnel driven by a pressurized shield[C].2th International conference on computational methods in tunneling, Ruhr University Bochum,9-11 September 2009, Aedificatio Publishers, 849-856
[26]Subrin D, Wong H. Tunnel face stability in frictional material:a new 3D failure mechanism[J]. C. R. Mecanique,2002,330:513-519. (In French)
[27]Subrin D, Branque D, Berthoz N, Wong H. Kinematic 3D approaches to evaluate TBM face stability:Comparison with experimental laboratory observations[C]. 2th International conference on computational methods in tunneling, Ruhr University Bochum,9-11 September 2009, Aedificatio Publishers,801-808
[28]Sloan S W, Assadi A. Undrained stability of a square tunnel in a soil whose strength increases linearly with depth[J]. Computer and Geotechnics,1991,12: 321-346
[29]姜功良.浅埋软土隧道稳定性极限分析[J].土木工程学报,1998,31(5)：65-72
[30]Augarde C E, Lyamin A V, Sloan S W. Stability of an undrained plane strain heading revisited [J], Computers and Geotechnics,2003,30:419-430
[31]Wilson D W, Abbo A J, Sloan S W, Lyamin A V. Undrained Stability of Dual Square Tunnels[C]. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference of IACMAG, Goa,2008,10:4284-4291
[32]杨峰.浅埋隧道围岩稳定性的极限分析上限法研究[D].长沙：中南大学博士学位论文,2009
[33]Jancsecz S, Steiner W. Face support for a large mix-shield in heterogenous ground conditions [A].In:Conference proceeding Institute of Mining and Metallurgy and British Tunnelling Society[C],London,1994,531-549
[34]Broere W. Tunnel Face Stability & New CPT Applications[M]. Netherlands: Delft University Press,2001
[35]魏纲.顶管工程土与结构的性状及理论研究[D].杭州：浙江大学博士学位论文,2005
[36]乔金丽,张义同,高健.考虑渗流的多层土盾构隧道开挖面稳定性分析[J].岩土力学,2010,31(5)：1497-1502
[37]Maidl B, Herrenknetcht M, Anheuser L. Mechanised Shield Tunnelling[M]. Berlin:Ernst & Sohn Verlag fur Architektur and techn,1996
[38]尹旅超,朱振宏,李玉珍,等译.日本隧道盾构新技术[M].湖北：华中理工大学出版社,1999
[39]李韵,张子新.泥浆渗透对盾构开挖面稳定性的影响研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(Supp.2)：464-468
[40]Argyle D N. An investigation into the collapse of tunnel headings in dense sand[R]. England:Cambridge University Engineering Tripos,1976
[41]Aspden R. Collapse of online tunnels with headings in dense sand[R]. England: Cambridge University Engineering Tripos,1976
[42]Sharma J S, Bolton M D. A New Technique for Simulation of Collapse of a Tunnel in a Drum Centrifuge[R]. CUED/D-SoildTRZ86,1995
[43]Nomoto T, Ueno K, OKusakabe, et al. centrifuge modeling of construction processes of shield tunnel[A]. In:Mair, Taylor. Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground[M]. Rotterdam:Balkema,1996: 567-52
[44]Nomoto T, Ueno K,OKusakabe, et al. centrifuge modeling of construction processes of shield tunnel[A]. In:Mair, Taylor. Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground[M]. Rotterdam:Balkema,1996: 567-572
[45]Bolton M D, Lu Y C, Sharma J S.Centrifuge models of tunnel construction and compensation grouting[A].In:Main Taylor. Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground[M]. Rotterdam:Balkema,1996: 471-477
[46]Taylor R N. Panel contribution:Interplay between physical and numerical models as applied in engineering practice[A]. In:Proceeding 15th Internation. Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering[C]. Tokyo:Balkema, 2001:2207-2208
[47]Atkinson J H, Potts D M. Stability of a shallow circular tunnel in cohesionless soil[J]. G'eotechnique,1977,27(2):203-215
[48]Chambon P, Cort'e J F. Shallow tunnels in cohesionless soil:Stability of tunnel face[J]. ASCE Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1994(120):1148-1165
[49]Mair R J. Centrifuge modeling of tunnel construction in soft clay[Ph.D. Thesis] [D]. London:Cambridge University,1979
[50]Mair R J, Taylor R N. Theme lecture:Bored tunneling in the urban environment [A].In:Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering[C]. Rotterdam,1997:2353-2385
[51]Domon T, Konda T, Nishimura K, et al. Model tests on face stability of tunnels in granular material[A]. In:Negro Jr., Ferreira. Tunnels and Metropolises[M]. Rotterdam:Balkema,1998:229-234
[52]Takehiro ohta, Hideo kiya et al. Experimental Study and Numerical Analysis on the Stability of Tunnel Face in Sandy Ground[J], Quarterly Report of RTRI, 2001,42(3):156-160
[53]Ansgar Kirsch. Experimental investigation of the face stability of shallow tunnels in sand[J], Acta Geotechnical,2010, (5):43-62
[54]程展林,吴忠明,徐言勇.砂基中泥浆盾构法隧道施工开挖面稳定性试验研究[J].长江科学院院报,2001,18(5)：53-55
[55]周小文,濮家骝.砂土中隧洞开挖引起的地面沉降试验研究明[J].岩土力学,2002,23(5)：559-563
[56]张云,殷宗泽.埋管隧道竖向地层压力的研究[J].岩土力学,2001,22(2)：184-188
[57]周小文,濮家骝,包承纲.隧洞拱冠砂土位移与破坏的离心模型试验研究[J].岩土力学,1999,20(2)：32-36
[58]周小文,濮家骝,殷昆亭,包承纲.南水北调穿黄隧洞衬砌土压力离心试验研究.水利水电技术,1999,130(5)：58-60
[59]徐东,周顺华,黄广军.上海粘土的成拱能力探讨[J].上海铁道大学学报,1999,20(6)：49-54
[60]李昀,张子新,张冠军.泥水平衡盾构开挖面稳定模型试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2007.29(7)：1074-1079
[61]童建军.厦门东通道海底隧道翔安端砂层地段掌子面稳定性研究[D].成都：西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2008
[62]童建军.砂土围岩隧道掌子面破坏模式及影响因素研究[J].路基工程,2010,(4)：72-74
[63]陈炜韬.厦门海底隧道陆域段土质围岩稳定性及预加固技术研究[D].成都：西南交通大学博士学位论文,2009
[64]Chan A H C, Sharpe L, Chapman DN, et al. Prediction of subsurface settlements and fining response due to a new tunnelling operations using finite element analyses[A].In:Proc.15th 1nt. Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering[C]. Tokyo:Balkema,2001:1383-1386
[65]Alan Graham Bloodworth. Three-dimensional analysis of tunnelling effects on structures to develop design methods[D]. Oxford:College of Oxford University, 2002
[66]王敏强,陈胜宏.盾构推进隧道结构三维非线性有限元仿真[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(2)：228-232
[67]朱合华,刘庭金.超浅埋盾构法隧道施工方案三维有限元分析[J].现代隧道技术.2001,38(6)：14-18
[68]孙钧,刘洪洲.交叠隧道盾构法施工土体变形的三维数值模拟[J].同济大学 学报,2002,30(4)：379-385
[69]李强,曾德顺.垂直交叉隧道的计算分析[J].建筑技术开发,2001,28(2)：2-5
[70]Lee K M, Rowe R K. Analysis of three-dimensional ground movements:the Thunder Bay Tunnel[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1991,Vol.28(1):25-41
[71]Swoboda G. Mansour M. Three dimension numericalling of slurry shield tunneling[A]. In:Wanger H,Schulter A. Tunnel Boring Machines[M]. Rotterdam: Balkema.1996:27-41
[72]Romo M P, Diaz M C. Face Stability and Ground Settlement in Shield Tunneling [A]. In:Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering Tenth International Conference.A.A.BaIkema,1981:357-359
[73]Antdo A, Gomes C A. Comparision of numerical prediction of tunnels using finite element method and limit analysis with centrifugal tests[A]. In: Fernandes. Application of Computational Mechanics in Geotechnical Engineering[M]. Lisse:Swets & Zeitlinger,2001:157-164
[74]Rowe R K, Lo K Y, Kack G J. A method of estimating surface settlement above tunnels constructed in soft ground[J]. Canda Geotechnical Journal,1983 (20):11-22
[75]Finno R J, Clough G W. Evaluation of soil response to EPB shield tunneling[J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering.1985,111(2):155-173
[76]于宁,朱合华.盾构施工仿真及其相邻影响的数值分析[J].岩土力学,2004,25(2)：292-296
[77]朱合华,丁文其,李晓军.盾构隧道施工力学性态模拟及工程应用[J].土木工程学报,2000,33(3)：98-103
[78]李园,孙群岭.盾构隧道施工过程的有限元分析[J].低温建筑技术,2003(6)：55-56
[79]孙钧,朱合华.软弱围岩隧洞施工性态的力学模拟与分析[J].岩土力学.1994,15(4)：20-32
[80]王敏强,陈宏胜.盾构推进隧道结构三维非线性有限元仿真[J].岩石力学及工程学报,2002,21(2)：228-232
[81]秦建设.盾构施工开挖面变形与破坏机理研究[D].南京：河海大学博士学位论文,2005
[82]秦建设,尤爱菊.盾构隧道开挖面稳定数值模拟研究[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2005,(1)：27-30
[83]朱伟,秦建设,卢廷浩.砂土中盾构开挖面变形与破坏数值模拟研究[J].岩 土工程学报,2005,27(8)：897-902
[84]高立群.大直径盾构正面稳定性研究[D].上海：同济大学硕士学位论文,2006
[85]李君.盾构开挖面稳定性理论与试验研究[D].杭州：浙江大学硕士学位论文,2010
[86]湖南省交通规划勘察设计院.厦门至成都国家高速公路湖南汝城至郴州公路第四合同段两阶段施工图设计,长沙,2008.8
[87]湖南省交通规划勘察设计院.湖南省长沙至湘潭高速公路(复线)第十一合同段两阶段施工图设计,长沙,2009.5
[88]寇晓婷,薄文明.某水电站导流洞出口塌方处理[J].施工技术《河南水利与南水北调》.2010,(12)：51-52
[89]李春生.佛岭隧道洞口浅埋软弱围岩段施工方法研究[D].北京：北京交通大学硕士学位论文.2009
[90]贾新杰.洋坊隧道左洞塌方病害整治[J].现代隧道技术.2010,47(6)：95-99
[91]黄福波.油房头隧道塌方处理施工技术[J].铁道建筑.2006,2：29-31
[92]王忠勋.京珠高速公路粤境北段乌坑坝隧道右线出口塌方处理[J].广东公路交通.2001,4：39-41
[93]安军,覃文杰,彭东祥.雷公山隧道软弱围岩坍方处理[J].辽宁高职学报.2003,5(4)：130-133
[94]张广宪.马鞍石隧道塌方治理[J].企业技术开发.2004,23(6)：26-30
[95]李听,张涛.九嶷山隧道洞口浅埋段塌方处理及总结[J].山西建筑.2010,36(26)：297-298
[96]楚亚慧.隧道浅埋段塌方处理浅谈[J].辽宁交通科技.2003,2：45-46
[97]梁大鹏.隧道坍塌方处理及防治措施[J].山西建筑.2003,29(14)：119-120
[98]唐永红,周游.金丽温高速公路船寮隧道塌方处理[J].湖南交通科技.2005,31(2)：104-106
[99]任会,赵明华,张进华,等.土地坳隧道塌方段注浆方案综述[J].中南公路工程.2006,31(1)：40-42
[100]郜满珍,王君堂.坪籁连拱隧道塌方综合治理技术[J].山西建筑.2007,33(5)：289-290
[101]何琴,王方,谢文利.超前支护在处理父子关隧道塌方中的应用[J].岩土工程界.2006,10(4)：47-49
[102]刘旭.乌竹岭隧道塌方事故原因分析和处治方法研究[D].长春：吉林大学硕士学位论文.2008
[103]李春.广西公路隧道洞口段支护技术研究[D].南宁：广西大学硕士学位论文.2006
[104]王林.黄(山)塔(岭)高速公路大跨度隧道施工技术研究[D].西安：长安大学硕士学位论文.2008
[105]刘波,韩彦辉.FLAC原理、实例与应用指南[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2005
[106]刘成宇.土力学[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2000
[107]中华人民共和国交通运输部发布.公路隧道设计细则[S],北京：人民交通出版社,2008
[108]关宝树.隧道工程施工要点集[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2003
[109]孔恒.城市地下工程浅埋暗挖地层预加固理论与实践.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2009
[110]孔恒.城市地铁隧道浅埋暗挖法地层预加固机理及其应用研究.北京：北京交通大学博士学位论文,2003
[111]葛家良.软岩巷道注浆加固机理及注浆技术若干问题的研究.徐州：中国矿业大学博士学位论文,1995
[112]陈炎光,陆士良.中国煤矿巷道围岩控制.徐州：中国矿业大学出版社,1995
[113]达维道夫B.B.加固矿山岩层的化学方法.北京：煤炭工业出版社,1981
[114]周维恒,杨若琼.二滩拱坝注浆电镜扫描结果分析.国际岩土灌浆及锚固技术新发展.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1997
[115]孙钊.大坝基岩灌浆.北京：中国水利水电出版社,2004
[116]贾新,袁勇,李焯芬.新型玻璃纤维增强塑料砂浆锚杆的黏结性能试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,26(10)
[117]Lunardi Pietro, Design and Construction of Tunnels ADECO-RS approach[J]. Tunnels& Tunnelling International special supplement, May 2000
[118]李显锋.水平旋喷桩在浅埋暗挖隧道工程中的应用研究[J].市政技术,2008,26(4)：323-325
[119]吴波,高波,骆建军.地铁区间隧道水平旋喷预加固效果数值模拟[J].西南交通大学学报,2004,39(5)：605-608
[120]路德富.水平高压旋喷注浆技术在城市浅埋隧道预支护中的应用[J].探矿工程,2008,(5)：72-74
[121]张彦斌.水平旋喷注浆预支护技术作用机理与效果研究[D].北京：北京交通大学硕士学位论文,2006
[122]雷小朋.水平旋喷桩预支护作用机理及效果研究[D].西安：西安科技大学硕士学位论文,2009