新疆与西藏地区细菌多样性分析及四个潜在新种的多相分类学研究
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摘要
新疆与西藏地区均为少数民族自治区,且位于中国边疆。在气候上均有日照时间长、地表辐射高、昼夜温差大等特点。它们相对独特的地理环境,也决定了它们特殊的生态环境和特殊的微生物多样性。本研究共从西藏地区土样中分离纯化并冻干保存细菌200株,从新疆地区土样中得到菌株482株。在分离的过程中成功地对分离条件进行优化,获取了大量细菌新物种。从本实验室上传国家微生物资源平台细菌物种信息的数据来看,这批从新疆与西藏地区分离获取的菌株在细菌种群组成上非常相似,分离菌株数量上最多的均为放线菌门,依次递减为厚壁菌门,变性菌门,拟杆菌门和栖热-奇球菌门。高辐射、干旱、以及寡营养的环境,使胞壁坚韧、抗逆性强的革兰氏阳性菌占据这些地区细菌种群的主导地位。对多样性指数的计算和物种多度分布曲线的绘制表明,在这两批样品中新疆地区样品中分离获取的细菌表现出更丰富的多样性和更高的均匀度。
此外,本研究选取从新疆地区获取的菌株12116T、12157T、X16-7T以及从武汉大学空气中获取的菌株TYLN1T进行多相分类学分析。多相分类学是将生物的各种信息和数据整合起来,用于检验各个分类单元的一致性,几乎包括了现代分类中的所有方面,如传统分类、化学分类、分子分类、数值分类、系统发育和群体遗传等。
菌株12116T、12157T均从新疆同一份沙土样品中分离获得,且均属于好氧的革兰氏阴性菌。菌株12116T系统发育最近的分类单元为Dyadobacter的成员,与它们的16S rRNA基因序列相似度分布在94.7-96.6%之间。菌株12157T系统发育最近的分类单元为土地杆菌属的各成员,与它们的16S rRNA基因序列相似度为93.7%或更低。这两个菌株分别与Dyadobacter和土地杆菌属聚类于—个簇,并形成一个新的分支。其他的如形态、生理生化特性、化学分子标签及分子分类等的分析,支持系统发育分析的结果。因此将菌株12116T和12157T分别划归为Dyadobacter和土地杆菌属的新种,并根据菌株12116T耐碱的特性及12157T菌株的来源命名为Dyadobacter alkalitolerans和Pedobacter xinjiangensis。
菌株TYLN1T分离于武汉大学空气中,菌落颜色呈黄色,兼性厌氧,细胞形态呈现为不规则杆状；全细胞脂肪酸含量主要为C18：1ω9c、C18：0和C16：0；细胞胞壁肽桥特征氨基酸为LL-DAP、主要醌型为MK-9(H4)和MK-8(H4)；染色体G+C mol%为73.3%。该菌株与已合格发表细菌物种的16S rRNA基因序列相似度最高为Aeromicrobium tamlense SSW1-57T(98.4%)、Aeromicrobium panaciterraeGsoil 161T(97.1%)。系统发育树将其聚类于气微菌属分支内。进化相邻菌株间DNA-DNA杂交结果显示,菌株TYLN1T与A. panaciterrae DSM 17939T的基因组同源性为35%,与A. tamlense DSM 19087T的同源性为11.5%。不管是从形态与生理生化,还是分子分类以及系统发育信息,该菌株都表现出气微菌属的特点,成为该属的一个新种,根据其菌落颜色为黄色命名为Aeromicrobium flavum。
菌株X16-7T分离于干沙样品。与该菌株16S rRNA基因序列相似度最高的有：Naxibacter varians CCUG 35299T(97.2%), Massilia aerilata 5516S-11T(97.2%)和Naxibacter haematophilus CCUG 38318T (97.0%)。系统发育树将该菌株聚类于Naxibacter属与Massilia属中间的分支。然而该菌株在主要脂肪酸组分和含量上,与Naxibacter属一致,而与Massilia属差别较大；生理生化等特性也支持于菌株X16-7T被划归为Naxibacter属。该菌株与Naxibacter属已知物种表现出明显的区别,如全细胞脂肪酸中独特的iso-C13：03-OH,iso-C15：1F和C18：1ω9c含量等。由此可见,菌株x16-7T代表Naxibacter属的一个新种,根据其分离地生境命名为Naxibacter deserti。
A survey on culturable bacterial diversity in Xinjiang and Tibet was carried out. These two areas are rich in radiation, poor in nutrient factors with huge differences in temperatures between day and night. 682 bacterial strains were isolated from samples taking from these two areas, within which 260 strains were initiatively identified. During the isolation course, an effective cultivation strategy for recovering most bacterial diversity from Xinjiang was developed. A large number of bacterial potential new taxa were recovered due to the improved cultivation methoed. Data analysed for bacterial diversity in this paper was done by all the students in the laboratory and available in the website given below. The result indicated that samples from Xinjiang and Tibet shared a similar pattern in culturable bacterial community. Gram-positive bacteria with a tough cell wall and high tolerance to the environmental stress numerically dominated in the isolated strains. According to the diversity index and abundance plot, samples from Xinjiang showed higher diversity and evenness than that from Tibet.
A polyphasic taxonomic approach is used to identify four newly recovered bacterial strains. Strain 12116T and 12157T were isolated from a soil-sand mixture sampled from Xinjiang, China. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that they were mostly related to the members of the genus Dyadobacter and Pedobacter, with similarities ranging from 94.7% to 96.6% and 90.0% to 93.7% respectively. Chemotaxonomic properties support the monothetic phylogenetic classification of strain 12116T and 12157T as a member of the genus Dyadobacter and Pedobacter severally. Aslo this two isolates exhibited sufficient phenotypic differentiation and phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness. Therefore, two novel species Dyadobacter alkalitolerans and Pedobacter xinjiangensis were proposed, each represented by strain 12116T and 12157T.
Strain TYLN1T was a Gram-positive, non-motile, facultative anaerobic actinobacteria, isolated from an air sample in campus of Wuhan University. The strain grew optimally at pH 7.0 and 30℃. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities revealed that the organism belongs to the genus Aeromicrobium. The G+C content of the strain was 73.3 mol%. The cell wall diamino acid was LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H4) and MK-8(H4). The major fatty acids were C18:1ω9c, C18:0 and C16:0. These chemotaxonomic data mentioned above also supported the affiliation of strain TYLN1T to the genus Aeromicrobium. The values for DNA-DNA hybridization between strain TYLN1T and the phylogenetically most closely related species A. tamlense SSW1-57T and A. panaciterrae Gsoil 161 T were 35% and 11.5%, respectively. On the basis of the polyphasic data from this study, the isolate represents a novel species, for which the name Aeromicrobium flavum sp. nov. is proposed.
Strain X16-7T was isolated from a sand sample from Xinjiang. The isolate was clustered with both Massilia species and Naxibacter species in the phylogenetic tree constructed on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. It showed a similar pattern of biochemical and physiological features with the genus Naxibacter, while different from Massilia species, especially in the terms of cellular fatty acid profile. These results convinced that strain X16-7T belongs to the genus Naxibacter. However, the isolate showed sufficient phenotypic, phylogenetic and genetic differentiations from known Naxibacter species. In all, strain X16-7T should represent a novel species of the genus Naxibacter, for which the name Naxibacter deserti was proposed. Website:http://www.cctcc.org/tmbiology/microbe_common/search.php
此外,本研究选取从新疆地区获取的菌株12116T、12157T、X16-7T以及从武汉大学空气中获取的菌株TYLN1T进行多相分类学分析。多相分类学是将生物的各种信息和数据整合起来,用于检验各个分类单元的一致性,几乎包括了现代分类中的所有方面,如传统分类、化学分类、分子分类、数值分类、系统发育和群体遗传等。
菌株12116T、12157T均从新疆同一份沙土样品中分离获得,且均属于好氧的革兰氏阴性菌。菌株12116T系统发育最近的分类单元为Dyadobacter的成员,与它们的16S rRNA基因序列相似度分布在94.7-96.6%之间。菌株12157T系统发育最近的分类单元为土地杆菌属的各成员,与它们的16S rRNA基因序列相似度为93.7%或更低。这两个菌株分别与Dyadobacter和土地杆菌属聚类于—个簇,并形成一个新的分支。其他的如形态、生理生化特性、化学分子标签及分子分类等的分析,支持系统发育分析的结果。因此将菌株12116T和12157T分别划归为Dyadobacter和土地杆菌属的新种,并根据菌株12116T耐碱的特性及12157T菌株的来源命名为Dyadobacter alkalitolerans和Pedobacter xinjiangensis。
菌株TYLN1T分离于武汉大学空气中,菌落颜色呈黄色,兼性厌氧,细胞形态呈现为不规则杆状；全细胞脂肪酸含量主要为C18：1ω9c、C18：0和C16：0；细胞胞壁肽桥特征氨基酸为LL-DAP、主要醌型为MK-9(H4)和MK-8(H4)；染色体G+C mol%为73.3%。该菌株与已合格发表细菌物种的16S rRNA基因序列相似度最高为Aeromicrobium tamlense SSW1-57T(98.4%)、Aeromicrobium panaciterraeGsoil 161T(97.1%)。系统发育树将其聚类于气微菌属分支内。进化相邻菌株间DNA-DNA杂交结果显示,菌株TYLN1T与A. panaciterrae DSM 17939T的基因组同源性为35%,与A. tamlense DSM 19087T的同源性为11.5%。不管是从形态与生理生化,还是分子分类以及系统发育信息,该菌株都表现出气微菌属的特点,成为该属的一个新种,根据其菌落颜色为黄色命名为Aeromicrobium flavum。
菌株X16-7T分离于干沙样品。与该菌株16S rRNA基因序列相似度最高的有：Naxibacter varians CCUG 35299T(97.2%), Massilia aerilata 5516S-11T(97.2%)和Naxibacter haematophilus CCUG 38318T (97.0%)。系统发育树将该菌株聚类于Naxibacter属与Massilia属中间的分支。然而该菌株在主要脂肪酸组分和含量上,与Naxibacter属一致,而与Massilia属差别较大；生理生化等特性也支持于菌株X16-7T被划归为Naxibacter属。该菌株与Naxibacter属已知物种表现出明显的区别,如全细胞脂肪酸中独特的iso-C13：03-OH,iso-C15：1F和C18：1ω9c含量等。由此可见,菌株x16-7T代表Naxibacter属的一个新种,根据其分离地生境命名为Naxibacter deserti。
A survey on culturable bacterial diversity in Xinjiang and Tibet was carried out. These two areas are rich in radiation, poor in nutrient factors with huge differences in temperatures between day and night. 682 bacterial strains were isolated from samples taking from these two areas, within which 260 strains were initiatively identified. During the isolation course, an effective cultivation strategy for recovering most bacterial diversity from Xinjiang was developed. A large number of bacterial potential new taxa were recovered due to the improved cultivation methoed. Data analysed for bacterial diversity in this paper was done by all the students in the laboratory and available in the website given below. The result indicated that samples from Xinjiang and Tibet shared a similar pattern in culturable bacterial community. Gram-positive bacteria with a tough cell wall and high tolerance to the environmental stress numerically dominated in the isolated strains. According to the diversity index and abundance plot, samples from Xinjiang showed higher diversity and evenness than that from Tibet.
A polyphasic taxonomic approach is used to identify four newly recovered bacterial strains. Strain 12116T and 12157T were isolated from a soil-sand mixture sampled from Xinjiang, China. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that they were mostly related to the members of the genus Dyadobacter and Pedobacter, with similarities ranging from 94.7% to 96.6% and 90.0% to 93.7% respectively. Chemotaxonomic properties support the monothetic phylogenetic classification of strain 12116T and 12157T as a member of the genus Dyadobacter and Pedobacter severally. Aslo this two isolates exhibited sufficient phenotypic differentiation and phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness. Therefore, two novel species Dyadobacter alkalitolerans and Pedobacter xinjiangensis were proposed, each represented by strain 12116T and 12157T.
Strain TYLN1T was a Gram-positive, non-motile, facultative anaerobic actinobacteria, isolated from an air sample in campus of Wuhan University. The strain grew optimally at pH 7.0 and 30℃. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities revealed that the organism belongs to the genus Aeromicrobium. The G+C content of the strain was 73.3 mol%. The cell wall diamino acid was LL-2,6-diaminopimelic acid. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H4) and MK-8(H4). The major fatty acids were C18:1ω9c, C18:0 and C16:0. These chemotaxonomic data mentioned above also supported the affiliation of strain TYLN1T to the genus Aeromicrobium. The values for DNA-DNA hybridization between strain TYLN1T and the phylogenetically most closely related species A. tamlense SSW1-57T and A. panaciterrae Gsoil 161 T were 35% and 11.5%, respectively. On the basis of the polyphasic data from this study, the isolate represents a novel species, for which the name Aeromicrobium flavum sp. nov. is proposed.
Strain X16-7T was isolated from a sand sample from Xinjiang. The isolate was clustered with both Massilia species and Naxibacter species in the phylogenetic tree constructed on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. It showed a similar pattern of biochemical and physiological features with the genus Naxibacter, while different from Massilia species, especially in the terms of cellular fatty acid profile. These results convinced that strain X16-7T belongs to the genus Naxibacter. However, the isolate showed sufficient phenotypic, phylogenetic and genetic differentiations from known Naxibacter species. In all, strain X16-7T should represent a novel species of the genus Naxibacter, for which the name Naxibacter deserti was proposed. Website:http://www.cctcc.org/tmbiology/microbe_common/search.php
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