一种混合型有源电力滤波器的仿真研究
摘要
随着电力电子技术的发展和工业自动化水平的提高,电力系统中整流器、变频调速装置、电弧炉等非线性负载越来越多,由此给电网带来的谐波公害越来越严重,对电力系统安全、稳定、经济运行带来了极大的威胁。
本文针对10kV电网的谐波污染情况,研究一种混合型有源电力滤波器进行谐波污染治理,这种混合型装置由无源滤波器和常规有源滤波器共同组成,其中绝大部分谐波由无源滤波器进行补偿,而有源滤波器则起到遗失补缺的作用,并改善无源滤波器的性能,防止其与电网发生并联谐振。
本文在分析混合型有源滤波器基本原理的基础上,阐述了混合型有源电力滤波器相对于常规有源滤波器的技术优势;在深入分析瞬时无功功率理论的基础上,采用基于瞬时无功功率理论的i p? iq算法作为本文的谐波电流检测算法;对比分析了三角波比较控制法、滞环比较控制法和定时比较控制法的优缺点,决定采用三角波比较法来进行谐波补偿电流跟踪控制。并应用MATLAB7.0仿真工具箱Simulink对检测和控制方法进行了仿真研究,证明了基于瞬时无功功率理论的i p? iq谐波电流检测算法和三角波比较控制策略的实时性、可行性。
最后运用MATLAB7.0/Simulink对混合型有源电力滤波器进行整体仿真研究,仿真和计算结果证明了该混合型有源滤波器可以基本消除电网电流谐波,谐波抑制效果相对明显、有效,能够满足10kV电网的谐波治理需要。
With the rapid development of power electronic technology and improvement of automation level in industry, more and more non-linear loads such as converter, variable speed drivers, arc furnace, etc, bring the serious harmonic contamination, It has brought a great threat for power system operation of security, stability and economic.
In this paper, for the harmonic pollution of 10kV power grid, a parallel hybrid active power filter is proposed based on preventing harmonic currents. It consists of passive filter and active power filter. Passive filter compensates a majority of harmonic currents. Active power filter only compensate a few harmonic current and prevent harmonic resonance.
The basic principle of active power filter are analyzed in this paper. Some methods of harmonic measurement are compared, i p? iq method based on the instantaneous reactive theories are choosed to use. The advantage and disadvantage of the triangular carry wave control and hysteresis-based current control are analyzed and discussed, the triangular carrier waveform control method are choosed. Based on MATLAB7.0/Simulink, the detection and control method are studied. The simulation results confirm the feasibility of the theories analysis.
Finally, the parallel hybrid active power filter system are studied through the simulation by using MATLAB7.0/Simulink. The simulation and calculation results demonstrate that the effect of harmonic suppression is obvious and effective. Meanwhile, the parallel hybrid active power filter enables to meet the need of 10kV power grid harmonic elimination.
本文针对10kV电网的谐波污染情况,研究一种混合型有源电力滤波器进行谐波污染治理,这种混合型装置由无源滤波器和常规有源滤波器共同组成,其中绝大部分谐波由无源滤波器进行补偿,而有源滤波器则起到遗失补缺的作用,并改善无源滤波器的性能,防止其与电网发生并联谐振。
本文在分析混合型有源滤波器基本原理的基础上,阐述了混合型有源电力滤波器相对于常规有源滤波器的技术优势;在深入分析瞬时无功功率理论的基础上,采用基于瞬时无功功率理论的i p? iq算法作为本文的谐波电流检测算法;对比分析了三角波比较控制法、滞环比较控制法和定时比较控制法的优缺点,决定采用三角波比较法来进行谐波补偿电流跟踪控制。并应用MATLAB7.0仿真工具箱Simulink对检测和控制方法进行了仿真研究,证明了基于瞬时无功功率理论的i p? iq谐波电流检测算法和三角波比较控制策略的实时性、可行性。
最后运用MATLAB7.0/Simulink对混合型有源电力滤波器进行整体仿真研究,仿真和计算结果证明了该混合型有源滤波器可以基本消除电网电流谐波,谐波抑制效果相对明显、有效,能够满足10kV电网的谐波治理需要。
With the rapid development of power electronic technology and improvement of automation level in industry, more and more non-linear loads such as converter, variable speed drivers, arc furnace, etc, bring the serious harmonic contamination, It has brought a great threat for power system operation of security, stability and economic.
In this paper, for the harmonic pollution of 10kV power grid, a parallel hybrid active power filter is proposed based on preventing harmonic currents. It consists of passive filter and active power filter. Passive filter compensates a majority of harmonic currents. Active power filter only compensate a few harmonic current and prevent harmonic resonance.
The basic principle of active power filter are analyzed in this paper. Some methods of harmonic measurement are compared, i p? iq method based on the instantaneous reactive theories are choosed to use. The advantage and disadvantage of the triangular carry wave control and hysteresis-based current control are analyzed and discussed, the triangular carrier waveform control method are choosed. Based on MATLAB7.0/Simulink, the detection and control method are studied. The simulation results confirm the feasibility of the theories analysis.
Finally, the parallel hybrid active power filter system are studied through the simulation by using MATLAB7.0/Simulink. The simulation and calculation results demonstrate that the effect of harmonic suppression is obvious and effective. Meanwhile, the parallel hybrid active power filter enables to meet the need of 10kV power grid harmonic elimination.
引文
[1]水利电力部.电力系统谐波管理暂行规定(SD126-84).北京:水利电力出版社, 1984
[2]中国国家标准GB/T14549-93:电能质量公用电网谐波.北京:中国标准出版社, 1994
[3]王兆安,杨君,刘进军.谐波抑制和无功功率补偿.北京:机械工业出版社, 1998
[4]吴竞昌,孙树勤,宋文南.电力系统谐波.北京:水利电力出版社, 1988
[5]许克明,徐云,刘付平.电力系统高次谐波.重庆:重庆大学出版社, 1991
[6]林海雪,孙树勤.电力网中的谐波.北京:中国电力出版社, 1998
[7]肖健华,吴今培.电力系统谐波动态抑制技术的发展与展望.五邑大学学报, 2000, 14 (1): 16~20
[8]赵贺.电力电子学在电力系统中的应用——灵活交流输电系统.北京:中国电力出版社, 2001
[9]罗安.电网谐波治理和无功补偿技术及装备.北京:中国电力出版社, 2006
[10]钱照明,叶忠明,董伯藩.谐波抑制技术.电力系统自动化, 1997, 21 (10): 48~54
[11] Sasaki H, Machida T. A New Method to Eliminate AC Harmonic Currents by Magnetic Compensation Consideration on Basic Design. IEEE Trans. On PAS, 1971, 90 (5): 2009~ 2019
[12] Akagi H, Kanazawa Y, Nabae A. Generalized Theory of The Instantaneous Reactive Powerin Three-Phase Circuits. IEEE&JIEE. Proceedings IPEC. Tokyo: IEEE, Japan, 1983: 13751~386
[13]姜齐荣,赵东元,陈建业.有源电力滤波器——结构·原理·控制.北京:科学出版社, 2005
[14]李战鹰,任震,杨泽明.有源滤波装置及其应用研究综述.电网技术, 2004, 28 (22): 40~43
[15]张桂斌,王广柱,魏殿杰.有源电力滤波器综述.山东电力技术, 1998 (l): 13~16
[16]苑舜,韩水.配电网无功优化及无功补偿装置.北京:中国电力出版社, 2003
[17]胡铭,陈晰.有源滤波技术及其应用.电力系统自动化, 2000, 24 (3): 66~70
[18]颜晓庆,王兆安.电力有源滤波器及其新发展.电工技术杂志, 1998(7): 33~38
[19]将辉平,罗安.混合型有源电力滤波器的研究. [硕士学位论文].湖南:湖南大学, 2007
[20]余鸿,陈乔夫,谢冰若,李伟.实用新型无功补偿及谐波抑制装置.电气应用, 2007, 26 (6): 21~25
[21]朱革兰.串联型混合滤波器及其控制系统研究. [博士学位论文] .广州:华南理工大学, 2004
[22]谭甜源,罗安,唐欣,涂春鸣.大功率并联混合型有源电力滤波器的研制.中国电机工程学报, 2004, 24 (3): 41~45
[23]罗安,章兢,付青.新型注入式并联混合型有源电力滤波器.电工技术学报, 2005, 20 (2): 51~55
[24]周柯,罗安,蒋辉平.混合型有源电力滤波器建模与控制特性分析.电力系统自动化, 2007, 31 (1): 65~69
[25] Fujita H,Akagi H. A Practical Approach to Harmonic Compensation in Power Systems Series Connection of Passive and Active Filters.IEEE Trans on Industry Applications, 1991, 27 (6): 1020~1025
[26]颜晓庆,杨君,王兆安.并联型电力有源滤波器的数学模型和稳定性分析.电工技术学报, 1998, 13 (6):41～45
[27]肖湘宁,徐永海,刘昊.混合型有源电力补偿技术与实验研究.电力系统自动化, 2002, 26 (5): 39～44
[28]刘昊.非正交坐标系SVPWM理论分析与混合型APF应用研究. [华北电力大学博士论文].北京:华北电力大学, 2004
[29] Van Harmelen G L, Enslin J. Real Time Dynamic Control of Dynamic Power Filters in Supplies with High Contamination. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 1993, 8 (3): 301～308
[30] Enslin J, Van Wyk J D. A New Control Philosophy for Power Electronic Converters as Fictitious Power Compensators. IEEE Trans on Power Electronics, 1990, 5 (1): 88~97
[31] De Doncker R W, Vandenput J A. Two Dimensional FFT Algorithm for Three Phase Inverter Fed Systems. IEEE Trans on Power Electronics, 1992, 7 (1): 181～188
[32] S Mariethoz, A C Rufer. Open Loop and Closed Loop Spectral Frequency Active Filtering. IEEE Trans on Power Electronics, 2002, 17 (4): 564～573
[33]徐万方,罗安,粟梅.先进电流检测方法和控制策略在有源电力滤波器中的应用.中南工业大学学报, 2003, 34 (2): 248～251
[34]杨君.谐波和无功电流检测方法及并联型电力有源滤波器的研究. [博士学位论文].西安:西安交通大学, 1996
[35] Tanaka T, Akagi H. A New Method of Harmonic Power Detection Based Instantaneous Active Power in Three-phase Circuits. IEEE Trans.on Power Electronics, 1995, 6 (3): 1737～1742
[36] Hirofumi, Akagi H. New Trends in Active Filters for Power Conditioning. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1996, 32 (6): 1312～1322
[37] Akagi H. A New Power Line Conditioner for Harmonic Compensation in Power Systems. IEEE Trans. on PWRD, 1995, 10 (3): 1570~1575
[38]马大铭,朱东起,高景德.三相电压不对称时谐波和无功电流的准确检测.清华大学学报, 1997, 11 (4): 7～10
[39]宋占松.基于双CPU的统一电能质量调节器的研究. [硕士学位论文].辽宁:辽宁工程技术大学, 2009
[40]马惠,刘静芳,刘斌帅.改进的有源电力滤波器三角波脉宽调制电流控制方法.电力自动化设备, 2004, 24 (11): 30～33
[41]凌青.三相并联有源电力滤波器控制方法的研究. [硕士学位论文].成都:西南交通大学, 2005
[42]戴瑜兴,张义兵.有源电力滤波器逆变电路的滞环比较控制策略.湖南师范大学自然科学学报, 2003, 26 (3): 37～45
[43]杨旭,王兆安.一种新的准固定频率滞环PWM电流控制方法.电工技术学报, 2003, 18 (3): 24～28
[44]李萍,刘小河.并联有源电力滤波器的仿真研究.北京机械工业学院学报, 2005, 9 (6): 5～10
[45]张国香.有源电力滤波器控制方法仿真研究. [硕士学位论文].天津:天津大学, 2004
[46]周雒维.有源电力滤波器谐波电流检测和控制新方法的研究. [博士学位论文].重庆:重庆大学, 2001
[47]张雄伟,陈亮,徐光晖. DSP芯片的原理与开发应用.第3版.北京:电子工业出版社, 2003
[48]薛定宇,陈阳泉.基于MATLAB/Simulink的系统仿真技术与应用.北京:清华大学出版社, 2002
[49]吴天明,谢小竹等. MATLAB电力系统设计与分析.北京:国防工业出版社, 2004
[2]中国国家标准GB/T14549-93:电能质量公用电网谐波.北京:中国标准出版社, 1994
[3]王兆安,杨君,刘进军.谐波抑制和无功功率补偿.北京:机械工业出版社, 1998
[4]吴竞昌,孙树勤,宋文南.电力系统谐波.北京:水利电力出版社, 1988
[5]许克明,徐云,刘付平.电力系统高次谐波.重庆:重庆大学出版社, 1991
[6]林海雪,孙树勤.电力网中的谐波.北京:中国电力出版社, 1998
[7]肖健华,吴今培.电力系统谐波动态抑制技术的发展与展望.五邑大学学报, 2000, 14 (1): 16~20
[8]赵贺.电力电子学在电力系统中的应用——灵活交流输电系统.北京:中国电力出版社, 2001
[9]罗安.电网谐波治理和无功补偿技术及装备.北京:中国电力出版社, 2006
[10]钱照明,叶忠明,董伯藩.谐波抑制技术.电力系统自动化, 1997, 21 (10): 48~54
[11] Sasaki H, Machida T. A New Method to Eliminate AC Harmonic Currents by Magnetic Compensation Consideration on Basic Design. IEEE Trans. On PAS, 1971, 90 (5): 2009~ 2019
[12] Akagi H, Kanazawa Y, Nabae A. Generalized Theory of The Instantaneous Reactive Powerin Three-Phase Circuits. IEEE&JIEE. Proceedings IPEC. Tokyo: IEEE, Japan, 1983: 13751~386
[13]姜齐荣,赵东元,陈建业.有源电力滤波器——结构·原理·控制.北京:科学出版社, 2005
[14]李战鹰,任震,杨泽明.有源滤波装置及其应用研究综述.电网技术, 2004, 28 (22): 40~43
[15]张桂斌,王广柱,魏殿杰.有源电力滤波器综述.山东电力技术, 1998 (l): 13~16
[16]苑舜,韩水.配电网无功优化及无功补偿装置.北京:中国电力出版社, 2003
[17]胡铭,陈晰.有源滤波技术及其应用.电力系统自动化, 2000, 24 (3): 66~70
[18]颜晓庆,王兆安.电力有源滤波器及其新发展.电工技术杂志, 1998(7): 33~38
[19]将辉平,罗安.混合型有源电力滤波器的研究. [硕士学位论文].湖南:湖南大学, 2007
[20]余鸿,陈乔夫,谢冰若,李伟.实用新型无功补偿及谐波抑制装置.电气应用, 2007, 26 (6): 21~25
[21]朱革兰.串联型混合滤波器及其控制系统研究. [博士学位论文] .广州:华南理工大学, 2004
[22]谭甜源,罗安,唐欣,涂春鸣.大功率并联混合型有源电力滤波器的研制.中国电机工程学报, 2004, 24 (3): 41~45
[23]罗安,章兢,付青.新型注入式并联混合型有源电力滤波器.电工技术学报, 2005, 20 (2): 51~55
[24]周柯,罗安,蒋辉平.混合型有源电力滤波器建模与控制特性分析.电力系统自动化, 2007, 31 (1): 65~69
[25] Fujita H,Akagi H. A Practical Approach to Harmonic Compensation in Power Systems Series Connection of Passive and Active Filters.IEEE Trans on Industry Applications, 1991, 27 (6): 1020~1025
[26]颜晓庆,杨君,王兆安.并联型电力有源滤波器的数学模型和稳定性分析.电工技术学报, 1998, 13 (6):41～45
[27]肖湘宁,徐永海,刘昊.混合型有源电力补偿技术与实验研究.电力系统自动化, 2002, 26 (5): 39～44
[28]刘昊.非正交坐标系SVPWM理论分析与混合型APF应用研究. [华北电力大学博士论文].北京:华北电力大学, 2004
[29] Van Harmelen G L, Enslin J. Real Time Dynamic Control of Dynamic Power Filters in Supplies with High Contamination. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 1993, 8 (3): 301～308
[30] Enslin J, Van Wyk J D. A New Control Philosophy for Power Electronic Converters as Fictitious Power Compensators. IEEE Trans on Power Electronics, 1990, 5 (1): 88~97
[31] De Doncker R W, Vandenput J A. Two Dimensional FFT Algorithm for Three Phase Inverter Fed Systems. IEEE Trans on Power Electronics, 1992, 7 (1): 181～188
[32] S Mariethoz, A C Rufer. Open Loop and Closed Loop Spectral Frequency Active Filtering. IEEE Trans on Power Electronics, 2002, 17 (4): 564～573
[33]徐万方,罗安,粟梅.先进电流检测方法和控制策略在有源电力滤波器中的应用.中南工业大学学报, 2003, 34 (2): 248～251
[34]杨君.谐波和无功电流检测方法及并联型电力有源滤波器的研究. [博士学位论文].西安:西安交通大学, 1996
[35] Tanaka T, Akagi H. A New Method of Harmonic Power Detection Based Instantaneous Active Power in Three-phase Circuits. IEEE Trans.on Power Electronics, 1995, 6 (3): 1737～1742
[36] Hirofumi, Akagi H. New Trends in Active Filters for Power Conditioning. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1996, 32 (6): 1312～1322
[37] Akagi H. A New Power Line Conditioner for Harmonic Compensation in Power Systems. IEEE Trans. on PWRD, 1995, 10 (3): 1570~1575
[38]马大铭,朱东起,高景德.三相电压不对称时谐波和无功电流的准确检测.清华大学学报, 1997, 11 (4): 7～10
[39]宋占松.基于双CPU的统一电能质量调节器的研究. [硕士学位论文].辽宁:辽宁工程技术大学, 2009
[40]马惠,刘静芳,刘斌帅.改进的有源电力滤波器三角波脉宽调制电流控制方法.电力自动化设备, 2004, 24 (11): 30～33
[41]凌青.三相并联有源电力滤波器控制方法的研究. [硕士学位论文].成都:西南交通大学, 2005
[42]戴瑜兴,张义兵.有源电力滤波器逆变电路的滞环比较控制策略.湖南师范大学自然科学学报, 2003, 26 (3): 37～45
[43]杨旭,王兆安.一种新的准固定频率滞环PWM电流控制方法.电工技术学报, 2003, 18 (3): 24～28
[44]李萍,刘小河.并联有源电力滤波器的仿真研究.北京机械工业学院学报, 2005, 9 (6): 5～10
[45]张国香.有源电力滤波器控制方法仿真研究. [硕士学位论文].天津:天津大学, 2004
[46]周雒维.有源电力滤波器谐波电流检测和控制新方法的研究. [博士学位论文].重庆:重庆大学, 2001
[47]张雄伟,陈亮,徐光晖. DSP芯片的原理与开发应用.第3版.北京:电子工业出版社, 2003
[48]薛定宇,陈阳泉.基于MATLAB/Simulink的系统仿真技术与应用.北京:清华大学出版社, 2002
[49]吴天明,谢小竹等. MATLAB电力系统设计与分析.北京:国防工业出版社, 2004