单脉冲雷达的多目标检测与分辨技术
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摘要
常规单脉冲体制雷达,由于测角精度高而广泛应用于雷达对目标的跟踪中,但当多个目标落在同一距离分辨单元及同一波束内时,很难对多个目标进行区分,从而会导致对重要目标攻击或跟踪失败。目前复杂的阵列处理技术及多波束数字形成技术可较好的对多目标进行检测及定位,但对于常规单脉冲雷达而言,这仍是一个难题。本文主要研究了常规单脉冲雷达对多目标的检测与分辨技术。
为了更好地理解多目标检测与分辨算法,本文首先在单脉冲雷达系统测角原理、目标雷达截面积起伏模型的理论基础上,对多目标的单脉冲雷达系统响应进行了详细的推导及仿真研究。仿真结果表明,常规单脉冲雷达不能实现对多目标的分辨及到达角的正确估计。
其次,本文介绍了几种多目标检测及分辨算法,包括:基于Neyman-Person准则的广义似然比检测(GLRT)方法、两种基于角度差异的多目标分辨方法(矩方法、最大似然估计方法)。仿真结果表明,这几种算法都能够以较优的性能实现对多目标的分辨及到达角的正确估计。
最后,在多目标对雷达系统影响、多目标检测与分辨算法研究的基础上,研究了信噪比未知时多目标分辨问题和慢起伏多目标分辨问题,提出了两种多目标到达角估计的新方法。仿真结果表明,所提出的两种方法能够较好的实现对多目标到达角的估计。
The normal monopulse radar is widely used for tracking the target because of its high precision in angel measurement. However, it is difficult to resolve the multiple targets located in one resolution cell and the same beam, which will lead to the falure of tracking the important targets. At present, complex array processing technology and digital multi-beam formation technologies can detect and locate the multiple targets well. However, it is still a problem for normal monopulse radar. The paper aims to study the solution of detecting and distinguishing the multiple targets.
Firstly, in order to comprehend the multi-target detection and discrimination algorithm better, the paper deduces and simulate the response of monopulse radar of multi-target in detail, based on the introduction of the principles of monopulse radar’s angle measurement and the model of radar cross section. The simulation results show that normal monopulse radar cannot resolve the direction-of-arrival of multiple targets correctly.
Secondly, the paper introduces several algorithm of multi-target detection and discrimination, which includes the generalized likelihood test(GLRT) based on neyman-person criterion, two kinds of multi-target discriminations containing moment method and maximum likelihood estimation method based on angle difference. The simulation results show that the algorithm detect and estimate the direction-of-arrival of multiple targets in perfect performance.
Finally, base on the above parts, the paper study the problem of the multi-target resolving with unknown signal-to-noise ratio and the problem of the multi-target resolving with slow fluctuation, and put forward two new methods of estimating DOA. The simulation results show the two new methods produced in the paper can estimate the DOA of the multi-target effectively.
为了更好地理解多目标检测与分辨算法,本文首先在单脉冲雷达系统测角原理、目标雷达截面积起伏模型的理论基础上,对多目标的单脉冲雷达系统响应进行了详细的推导及仿真研究。仿真结果表明,常规单脉冲雷达不能实现对多目标的分辨及到达角的正确估计。
其次,本文介绍了几种多目标检测及分辨算法,包括:基于Neyman-Person准则的广义似然比检测(GLRT)方法、两种基于角度差异的多目标分辨方法(矩方法、最大似然估计方法)。仿真结果表明,这几种算法都能够以较优的性能实现对多目标的分辨及到达角的正确估计。
最后,在多目标对雷达系统影响、多目标检测与分辨算法研究的基础上,研究了信噪比未知时多目标分辨问题和慢起伏多目标分辨问题,提出了两种多目标到达角估计的新方法。仿真结果表明,所提出的两种方法能够较好的实现对多目标到达角的估计。
The normal monopulse radar is widely used for tracking the target because of its high precision in angel measurement. However, it is difficult to resolve the multiple targets located in one resolution cell and the same beam, which will lead to the falure of tracking the important targets. At present, complex array processing technology and digital multi-beam formation technologies can detect and locate the multiple targets well. However, it is still a problem for normal monopulse radar. The paper aims to study the solution of detecting and distinguishing the multiple targets.
Firstly, in order to comprehend the multi-target detection and discrimination algorithm better, the paper deduces and simulate the response of monopulse radar of multi-target in detail, based on the introduction of the principles of monopulse radar’s angle measurement and the model of radar cross section. The simulation results show that normal monopulse radar cannot resolve the direction-of-arrival of multiple targets correctly.
Secondly, the paper introduces several algorithm of multi-target detection and discrimination, which includes the generalized likelihood test(GLRT) based on neyman-person criterion, two kinds of multi-target discriminations containing moment method and maximum likelihood estimation method based on angle difference. The simulation results show that the algorithm detect and estimate the direction-of-arrival of multiple targets in perfect performance.
Finally, base on the above parts, the paper study the problem of the multi-target resolving with unknown signal-to-noise ratio and the problem of the multi-target resolving with slow fluctuation, and put forward two new methods of estimating DOA. The simulation results show the two new methods produced in the paper can estimate the DOA of the multi-target effectively.
引文
1丁建江,张贤达.低分辨雷达目标智能识别的最新进展.现代雷达.2002, 24(3): 1~4
2尚海燕,陈伯孝,苏洪涛,张守宏.一种综合发射波束的超分辨处理方法.西安电子科技大学学报(自然科学版).2005, 32(4): 599~602
3王玲,陶然,周思永.机载合成孔径雷达低速运动目标检测和成像的一种新方法.兵工学报.2004, 25(3): 349~353
4李世强,杨汝良.单相位中心多波束合成孔径雷达方位信号处理研究.电子与信息学报.2005, 27(7): 1073~1076
5杨英科,李宏,左少平.合成孔径雷达的检测统计特性分析及应用.舰船电子对抗.2005, 28(6): 37~43
6 Irving Kanter. Varieties of Average Monopulse Response to Multiple Targets. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 1981, 17(1): 25~28
7 Costantino Melino. Average Monopulse Angle Tracking Response to two Unresolved Sources. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 1987, 23(5): 634~642
8 Larry V, McWhorter. Response of various Monopulse seekers to a Multi-source Environment. Conference proceedings, Southeastern‘81, April, 1981: 698~709
9 S. M. Sherman. Complex Indicated Angles Applied to Unresolved Target and Multipath. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 1971, 7(1): 160~170
10 R. J. McAulay, T. P. McGarty. Maximum-likelihood Detection of Unresolved Radar Targets and Multipath. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 1974, 7(11): 821~829
11 S. J. Asseo. Detection of Target Multiplicity Using Quadrature Monopulse Angle. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 1981, 17(3): 271~280
12 P. L. Bogler. Detecting the Presence of Target Multiplicity. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 1986, 22(3): 197~203
13 W. D. Blair, M. Brandt-Pearce. Unresolved Rayleigh Detection Target UsingMonopulse Measurements. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 1998, 34(2): 543~552
14 W. D. Blair, M. Brandt-Pearce. Monopulse DOA Estimation of Two Unresolved Rayleigh targets. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 2001, 37(2): 452~469
15 A. Sinha, T. Kirubarajan, Y. Bar-shalom. Maximum Likelihood Angle Extractor for two Closely Spaced Targets. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 2002, 38(1): 183~201
16 Zhen Wang, Abhijit Sinha, Peter Willett, Yaakov Bar-shalom. Angle Estimation for Two Unredolved Targets with Monopulse Radar. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 2004, 40(3): 998~1018
17 Xin Zhang, Peter K. Willett, Yaakov Bar-shalom. Monopulse Radar Detection and Localization of Multiple Unresolved Targets via Joint Bin Processing. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 2005, 53(4): 1225~1236
18 Yibin Zhen, Shu-Ming Tseng. A closed from solution for two-target direction of arrival using four-channel monopulse. Conference Record of the Thirty-Fifth Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, Nov. 2001: 381~385
19 F. Gini, M. Greco, A. Farina. Multiple radar targets detection by exploiting induced amplitude modulation. IEEE Trans. on Signal Procession. 2004, 52(4): 903~913
20 F. Gini, M. Greco, A. Farina. Multiple radar targets estimation by exploiting induced amplitude modulation. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 2003, 39(4): 1316~1332
21 F. Gini, F. Bordoni, M. Greco, A. Frina. Multiple target detection and estimation by exploiting the amplitude. Modulation induced by antenna scanning, Part l: Parameter Estimation, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Hong Kong, April, 2003: VI533~536
22 F. Gini, M. Greco, A. Friana, M. Gubinelli. Asymptotic maximum likelihood estimation of multiple radar targets. Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE Radar Confernce, Huntsville, AL. , May, 2003: 302~309
23 Alfonso Farina, F. Gini, Maria Greco. Multiple target DOA estimation by exploiting knowledge of the antenna main beam pattern. Proceedings of the IEEE Radar Conference, April, 2002: 432~437
24 A. Sinha, T. Kirubarajan, Y. Bar-shalom. Tracker and signal processing for the benchmark problem with unresolved targets. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 2006, 42(1): 279~300
25 Yan Zhang, Ram M. Narayanan. Monopulse radar based on spatiotemporal correlation of stochastic signals. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 2006, 42(1): 160~173
26 Eric Chaumette, Pascal Larzabal. Monopulse-radar tracking of swerlingⅢ-Ⅳtargets using multiple observation. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 2008, 44(2): 520~537
27 N. Nandakumaran, A. Sinha, T. Kirubarajan. Joint detection and tracking of unresolved targets with monopulse radar. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 2008, 44(4): 1326~1341
28邢孟道,保铮.低分辨雷达的一维横向成像及提高分辨率的方法.西安电子科技大学学报.2000, 27(6): 700~704
29姜正林,邢孟道,保铮.低分辨雷达编队目标分辨新方法.西安电子科技大学学报(自然科学版).2001, 28(4): 481~486
30杜兰,刘宏伟,保铮.一种基于距离-多普勒二维联合的多目标分辨方法.电子学报.2004, 32(6): 881~885
31戴征坚,邹焕新,郁文贤,胡卫东.集成广义模糊函数在雷达多目标分辨中的应用.国防科技大学报.1999, 21(6): 48~50
32戴征坚.雷达非刚性多目标的时-频分辨方法.雷达与对抗.2000, (3): 1~6
33程剑熹,周荫清.DBS在多目标分辨中的作用.现代雷达.1995, 17(4): 9~14
34程剑熹.群目标攻击技术探讨.航空兵器.1998, (4): 18~21
35胡家昌.反辐射导弹导引头多目标分辨方案研究.上海航天.1998, (6): 33~36
36刘刚.同一波束内多目标角误差提取技术及精度分析.现代雷达.1998, 20(3): 38~43
37潘明海.雷达天线波束内多目标的超分辨检测和参量估值.哈尔滨工业大学工学博士学位论文.2000: 43~45
38朱玉鹏,李朝伟.单脉冲雷达多目标分辨技术研究.电光与控制.2004, 11(4): 7~10
39朱玉鹏,李朝伟,庄钊文.单脉冲雷达多目标分辨的遗传算法实现.现代雷达.2005, 27(2): 29~32
40李朝伟,王宏强,黎湘.单脉冲雷达对目标源的检测研究.现代雷达.2004, 26(10): 18~21
41李朝伟,王宏强,黎湘,庄钊文.基于单脉冲雷达对多个不可区分的目标信号的检测研究.信号处理.2005, 21(2): 153~157
42李朝伟,王宏强,黎湘,庄钊文.对多个斯威林4型目标的检测及估计.现代雷达.2005, 27(10): 57~60
43赵永波,古泓,张守红.一种多目标情况下的单脉冲测角方法.西安电子科技大学学报(自然科学版).2005, 32(3): 383~386
44庄钊文,郭桂蓉.复杂背景下雷达信号的模糊检测.系统工程与电子技术.1993, (2): 1~6
45杨绍全,徐松涛.无源单脉冲雷达对多干扰源目标分辨方法.电子与信息学报.2002, 24(10): 1346~1351
46王军宁,杨绍全.单脉冲导引头对多干扰源的角分辨.现代雷达.2002, 24(5): 53~57
47李勇,张怡,廉保旺,刘玉萍.基于自适应Chirp表示的雷达多目标分辨.西北工业大学学报.2001, 19(4): 605~609
48石定杰,姚佩阳,杜钦峰.编队目标架次检测方法研究.空军工程大学学报(自然科学版).2003, 4(6): 40~44
49戴征坚,邹焕新,郁文贤,胡卫东.集成广义模糊函数在雷达多目标分辨中的应用.国防科技大学报.1999(6): 48~50
50斯德谊,高悦.一种改进的DBS多目标分辨法.遥测遥控.1999, 20(3): 23~25
51孙晓兵.时频信号分析与雷达的多目标分辨.系统工程与电子技术.1997, 19(l1): 2~16
52 Mosca. E. Angle estimation in amplitude comparison monopulse systems. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 1969, 5(2) : 205~212
2尚海燕,陈伯孝,苏洪涛,张守宏.一种综合发射波束的超分辨处理方法.西安电子科技大学学报(自然科学版).2005, 32(4): 599~602
3王玲,陶然,周思永.机载合成孔径雷达低速运动目标检测和成像的一种新方法.兵工学报.2004, 25(3): 349~353
4李世强,杨汝良.单相位中心多波束合成孔径雷达方位信号处理研究.电子与信息学报.2005, 27(7): 1073~1076
5杨英科,李宏,左少平.合成孔径雷达的检测统计特性分析及应用.舰船电子对抗.2005, 28(6): 37~43
6 Irving Kanter. Varieties of Average Monopulse Response to Multiple Targets. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 1981, 17(1): 25~28
7 Costantino Melino. Average Monopulse Angle Tracking Response to two Unresolved Sources. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 1987, 23(5): 634~642
8 Larry V, McWhorter. Response of various Monopulse seekers to a Multi-source Environment. Conference proceedings, Southeastern‘81, April, 1981: 698~709
9 S. M. Sherman. Complex Indicated Angles Applied to Unresolved Target and Multipath. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 1971, 7(1): 160~170
10 R. J. McAulay, T. P. McGarty. Maximum-likelihood Detection of Unresolved Radar Targets and Multipath. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 1974, 7(11): 821~829
11 S. J. Asseo. Detection of Target Multiplicity Using Quadrature Monopulse Angle. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 1981, 17(3): 271~280
12 P. L. Bogler. Detecting the Presence of Target Multiplicity. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 1986, 22(3): 197~203
13 W. D. Blair, M. Brandt-Pearce. Unresolved Rayleigh Detection Target UsingMonopulse Measurements. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 1998, 34(2): 543~552
14 W. D. Blair, M. Brandt-Pearce. Monopulse DOA Estimation of Two Unresolved Rayleigh targets. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 2001, 37(2): 452~469
15 A. Sinha, T. Kirubarajan, Y. Bar-shalom. Maximum Likelihood Angle Extractor for two Closely Spaced Targets. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 2002, 38(1): 183~201
16 Zhen Wang, Abhijit Sinha, Peter Willett, Yaakov Bar-shalom. Angle Estimation for Two Unredolved Targets with Monopulse Radar. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 2004, 40(3): 998~1018
17 Xin Zhang, Peter K. Willett, Yaakov Bar-shalom. Monopulse Radar Detection and Localization of Multiple Unresolved Targets via Joint Bin Processing. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 2005, 53(4): 1225~1236
18 Yibin Zhen, Shu-Ming Tseng. A closed from solution for two-target direction of arrival using four-channel monopulse. Conference Record of the Thirty-Fifth Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers, Nov. 2001: 381~385
19 F. Gini, M. Greco, A. Farina. Multiple radar targets detection by exploiting induced amplitude modulation. IEEE Trans. on Signal Procession. 2004, 52(4): 903~913
20 F. Gini, M. Greco, A. Farina. Multiple radar targets estimation by exploiting induced amplitude modulation. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 2003, 39(4): 1316~1332
21 F. Gini, F. Bordoni, M. Greco, A. Frina. Multiple target detection and estimation by exploiting the amplitude. Modulation induced by antenna scanning, Part l: Parameter Estimation, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Hong Kong, April, 2003: VI533~536
22 F. Gini, M. Greco, A. Friana, M. Gubinelli. Asymptotic maximum likelihood estimation of multiple radar targets. Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE Radar Confernce, Huntsville, AL. , May, 2003: 302~309
23 Alfonso Farina, F. Gini, Maria Greco. Multiple target DOA estimation by exploiting knowledge of the antenna main beam pattern. Proceedings of the IEEE Radar Conference, April, 2002: 432~437
24 A. Sinha, T. Kirubarajan, Y. Bar-shalom. Tracker and signal processing for the benchmark problem with unresolved targets. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 2006, 42(1): 279~300
25 Yan Zhang, Ram M. Narayanan. Monopulse radar based on spatiotemporal correlation of stochastic signals. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 2006, 42(1): 160~173
26 Eric Chaumette, Pascal Larzabal. Monopulse-radar tracking of swerlingⅢ-Ⅳtargets using multiple observation. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 2008, 44(2): 520~537
27 N. Nandakumaran, A. Sinha, T. Kirubarajan. Joint detection and tracking of unresolved targets with monopulse radar. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 2008, 44(4): 1326~1341
28邢孟道,保铮.低分辨雷达的一维横向成像及提高分辨率的方法.西安电子科技大学学报.2000, 27(6): 700~704
29姜正林,邢孟道,保铮.低分辨雷达编队目标分辨新方法.西安电子科技大学学报(自然科学版).2001, 28(4): 481~486
30杜兰,刘宏伟,保铮.一种基于距离-多普勒二维联合的多目标分辨方法.电子学报.2004, 32(6): 881~885
31戴征坚,邹焕新,郁文贤,胡卫东.集成广义模糊函数在雷达多目标分辨中的应用.国防科技大学报.1999, 21(6): 48~50
32戴征坚.雷达非刚性多目标的时-频分辨方法.雷达与对抗.2000, (3): 1~6
33程剑熹,周荫清.DBS在多目标分辨中的作用.现代雷达.1995, 17(4): 9~14
34程剑熹.群目标攻击技术探讨.航空兵器.1998, (4): 18~21
35胡家昌.反辐射导弹导引头多目标分辨方案研究.上海航天.1998, (6): 33~36
36刘刚.同一波束内多目标角误差提取技术及精度分析.现代雷达.1998, 20(3): 38~43
37潘明海.雷达天线波束内多目标的超分辨检测和参量估值.哈尔滨工业大学工学博士学位论文.2000: 43~45
38朱玉鹏,李朝伟.单脉冲雷达多目标分辨技术研究.电光与控制.2004, 11(4): 7~10
39朱玉鹏,李朝伟,庄钊文.单脉冲雷达多目标分辨的遗传算法实现.现代雷达.2005, 27(2): 29~32
40李朝伟,王宏强,黎湘.单脉冲雷达对目标源的检测研究.现代雷达.2004, 26(10): 18~21
41李朝伟,王宏强,黎湘,庄钊文.基于单脉冲雷达对多个不可区分的目标信号的检测研究.信号处理.2005, 21(2): 153~157
42李朝伟,王宏强,黎湘,庄钊文.对多个斯威林4型目标的检测及估计.现代雷达.2005, 27(10): 57~60
43赵永波,古泓,张守红.一种多目标情况下的单脉冲测角方法.西安电子科技大学学报(自然科学版).2005, 32(3): 383~386
44庄钊文,郭桂蓉.复杂背景下雷达信号的模糊检测.系统工程与电子技术.1993, (2): 1~6
45杨绍全,徐松涛.无源单脉冲雷达对多干扰源目标分辨方法.电子与信息学报.2002, 24(10): 1346~1351
46王军宁,杨绍全.单脉冲导引头对多干扰源的角分辨.现代雷达.2002, 24(5): 53~57
47李勇,张怡,廉保旺,刘玉萍.基于自适应Chirp表示的雷达多目标分辨.西北工业大学学报.2001, 19(4): 605~609
48石定杰,姚佩阳,杜钦峰.编队目标架次检测方法研究.空军工程大学学报(自然科学版).2003, 4(6): 40~44
49戴征坚,邹焕新,郁文贤,胡卫东.集成广义模糊函数在雷达多目标分辨中的应用.国防科技大学报.1999(6): 48~50
50斯德谊,高悦.一种改进的DBS多目标分辨法.遥测遥控.1999, 20(3): 23~25
51孙晓兵.时频信号分析与雷达的多目标分辨.系统工程与电子技术.1997, 19(l1): 2~16
52 Mosca. E. Angle estimation in amplitude comparison monopulse systems. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems. 1969, 5(2) : 205~212