无线信道测量与建模中实测数据拟合的研究
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摘要
本文研究的内容是国家重大专项《新一代宽带无线移动通信网》中的课题：电波测量与信道建模技术研究的一部分。研究的重点是无线信道的测量与建模,并针对实际测量得到的数据的拟合以及如何根据结果对测量和建模的过程进行有效的优化这一问题做了深入的讨论。在文中简要介绍了WINNER2信道模型和协同MIMO信道模型。首先给出了WINNER2模型中的13个场景和场景中参数的统计分布信息,还说明了WINNER2信道模型的建模方法和有关参数。接着介绍了协同MIMO系统的实现方案CoMP技术、固定中继技术和移动中继技术,并阐述了相应的传播场景。并将协同MIMO信道模型与现有的点到点MIMO信道模型的优缺点进行比较,讨论在协同MIMO信道情况下,如何对现有模型进行调整。然后对SAGE算法的传播环境模型、算法原理和实现方法做了简要的说明并验证SAGE算法估计出的结果的准确性。最后利用Matlab平台,结合路径损耗和时延扩展的实际测量数据,对它们进行拟合,并分别分析和比较各个拟合的结果。在拟合时注意选取了不同的拟合模型,可以保证拟合结果的一般性。得出了样本容量小的样本也同样可以反映全体数据的分布的参数特征。即可以通过减少信道测量的数据量也能比较准确地得到信道的统计特性。最后根据这些结果,说明了可以有效降低信道测量和仿真复杂度和开销的方法。
The research of this paper is part of the national major projects:New Generation of Broadband Wireless Mobile Communication Network, subject:Radio Channel Measurements and Modelling. My research focuses on the wireless channel measurement and modelling, using measurement data to obtain the patrameters by the fitting and how to optimize the measurement and modelling process effectively based on the fitting results. In the article, a brief introduction WINNER2 channel model and cooperative MIMO channel model. First, all the 13 scenarios and the statistical distribution of parameters in WINNER2 channel model is shown, but also gives the WINNER2 channel modelling methods and parameters. Then introduced the cooperative MIMO system implementations:CoMP technology, fixed relay and mobile relay technology, and described the envirnments of the corresponding scenarios. A comparison was made between cooperative MIMO channel model and the existing point to point MIMO channel model to discuss the advantages and disadvantages, and how to adjust the existing model so it can be used in the cooperative condition. Then made a brief description about the SAGE algorithm's spread environment, the algorithm principle and implementation. And check the accuracy of the estimation results using SAGE algorithm. Ultimately, fitted the measurement data combined path loss and delay spread model with Matlab, and each of the fitting results was analyzed and compared. The conclusion is we can achieve the distribution and the characters of the parameters with a smaller set of sample. It means that the statistical characteristics of the channel can be described accurately by a simplized size of the data set. Finally, these results illustrate that we can effectively reduce the complexity of measurement and simulation methods and expenses.
The research of this paper is part of the national major projects:New Generation of Broadband Wireless Mobile Communication Network, subject:Radio Channel Measurements and Modelling. My research focuses on the wireless channel measurement and modelling, using measurement data to obtain the patrameters by the fitting and how to optimize the measurement and modelling process effectively based on the fitting results. In the article, a brief introduction WINNER2 channel model and cooperative MIMO channel model. First, all the 13 scenarios and the statistical distribution of parameters in WINNER2 channel model is shown, but also gives the WINNER2 channel modelling methods and parameters. Then introduced the cooperative MIMO system implementations:CoMP technology, fixed relay and mobile relay technology, and described the envirnments of the corresponding scenarios. A comparison was made between cooperative MIMO channel model and the existing point to point MIMO channel model to discuss the advantages and disadvantages, and how to adjust the existing model so it can be used in the cooperative condition. Then made a brief description about the SAGE algorithm's spread environment, the algorithm principle and implementation. And check the accuracy of the estimation results using SAGE algorithm. Ultimately, fitted the measurement data combined path loss and delay spread model with Matlab, and each of the fitting results was analyzed and compared. The conclusion is we can achieve the distribution and the characters of the parameters with a smaller set of sample. It means that the statistical characteristics of the channel can be described accurately by a simplized size of the data set. Finally, these results illustrate that we can effectively reduce the complexity of measurement and simulation methods and expenses.
引文
[1]GJ.Fosehini, M.J.Gans, On Limits of Wireless Communieations in a Fading Environment when Using Multiple Antennas, Wireless Personal Communication, 1998,6(3):311-335.
[2]V.Tarokh, H.Jafarkhani, A.R.Calderbank, Space-time Block Codes from Orthogonal Designs, IEEE Trans. Inform.Theory,1999,45:1456-1466.
[3]R. U. Nabar, O. r Oyman, H. Bolcskei, and A. J. Paulraj, Capacityscaling Laws in MIMO Wireless Networks, Proc. Allerton Conf. Communication Control and Computeing,2003:378-389.
[4]I.E.Telatar, Capacity of Mulit-antenna Gaussian Channels, Europ. Trans. Telecommunication,1999,10, pp:585-595.
[5]R.B.Ertel, P.Cardieri, K.W.Sowerby, etc.,Overview of Spatial Channel Models for Antnnna Array Communication System, IEEE Personal Communication, 1998:10-21.
[6]N.Czink, P.Cera, A Novel Framework for Clustering Parametric MIMO Channel Data Including MPC Powers, COST 273 Meeting,2005.
[7]D.W.Browne, M.Manteghi, M.P.Fitz, etc.,Antenna Topology Impacts on Measured MIMO Capacity, IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference,2005.
[8]K.I.Pedersen, J.B.Andersen, J.P.Kermoal, etc., A Stochastic MIMO Radio Channel Model fot Evaluatin of Space-time Coding Algorithms, IEEE 52nd Veh. Tech. Conference,2000,2:893-897.
[9]Juan Pablo, Wimax and LTE Prepare to do 4G Battle, Electronics world and Wireless world,2008,10:10-11.
[10]A.H.Khan, M.A.Qadeer, J.A.Ansari,etc.,4G as a Next Generation Wireless Network-Future Computer and Communication, ICFCC 2009. International Conference,2009:334-338.
[11]B.Wang, J.Zhang, A.H(?)st-Madsen, On the Capacity of MIMO Relay Channels, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,2005,51(1):29-43.
[12]IST-4-027756 WINNER2 D1.1.2 V1.1. WINNER2 Channel Models. Part 1 and Part 2,Information Society Technologies,2007.
[13]M.Steinbauer, A.F.Molisch, E.Bonek, The double-directional radio channel, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine,2001:51-63.
[14J.Nicholas.Laneman, Cooperative Diversity in Wireless Networks:Algorithms and Architectures,2002.
[15]Y. Okumura, E. Ohmori, T. Kawano, K. Fukuda,Field Strength and its Variability in VHF and UHF Land-mobile Radio Services, Review of the Electrical Communication Lab,1968,16, (9).
[16]Y. Oda, R. Tsuchihashi, K. Tsunekawa, M. Hata, Measured Path Loss and Multipath Propagation Characteristics in UHF and Microwave Frequency Band for Urban Mobile Communications, VTC 2001 Spring,2001,1:337-341.
[17]D. Baum, J. Hansen, J. Salo, G. Del Galdo, M. Milojvic, P. Kyosti,An Interim Channel Model for Beyond-3G Systems, IEEE VTC'05,2005.
[18]B.Wang, J.Zhang, MIMO Relay Channel and Its Application for Cooperative Communication in Ad hoc Networks, Proc. Allerton Conf. Communication, Control, and Computeing,2003:1556-1565.
[19]M. K. Karakayali, G. J. Foschini, R. A. Valenzuela, Network Coordination for Spectrally Efficient Communications in Cellular Systems, IEEE Communication Magazine,2006,44(8):56-61.
[20]D. Soldani, S. Dixit, "Wireless Relays for Broadband Access, IEEE Communication Magazine,2008,46(3):58-66.
[21]Y. Fan,J. S. Thompson,MIMO Configurations for Relay Channels:Theory and Practice," IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communication,2007,6, (5): 1774-1786.
[22]3GPP TR 25.996, Spatial Channel Model for Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Simulations (Rel.6),2003.
[23]P Kyosti etc., WINNER II Channel Models,IST-WINNER II D 1.1.2,2007.
[24]G Senarth etc., Multi-hop Relay System Evaluation Methodology (Channel Model and Performance Metric),IEEE 802.16j-06/013r3,2007.
[25]P. Almers etc., Survey of Channel and Radio Propagation Models for Wireless MIMO Systems, EURASIP J.Wireless Communication Network,2009.
[26]C.X. Wang etc., Spatial Temporal Correlation Properties of the 3GPP Spatial Channel Model and the Kronecker MIMO Channel Model, EURASIP J. Wireless Communication Network,2007.
[27]P.Agrawal,N.Patwari,Correlated Link Shadow Fading in Multihop Wireless Networks, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communication,2009,8(8):4024-4036.
[28]C.X.Wang,X.Cheng,D.I.Laurenson, Vehicleto-Vehicle Channel Modeling and Measurements:Recent Advances and Future Challenges, IEEE Communication Magazine,2009,47(11):96-103.
[29]H.Krim,M.Viberg, Two Decades of Array Signal Proeessing Researeh,IEEE Signal Proeessing Magazine,1996:67-94.
[30]R.O.Schnlidt, "Multiple Emitter Loeation and Signal Parameter Estimation, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,1986(AP-34):276-280.
[31]R.Roy,T.Kailath, "ESPRIT-Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Techniques,IEEE Transactions on Signal Proeessing,1989,37,984-995.
[32]M.Haardr,J.Nossek, Unitary ESPIRT:How to Obtain Inereased Estirnation Accuracy with a Reduced Com putational Burden,IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,1995(SP-43):1232-1242.
[33]T.Lo, J.Litva, H.Leung, A New Approach for Estimating Indoor Radio Propagation Chatacteriseics, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 1994,42 (10):1369-1376.
[34]A.Van der Veen,M. Van der Veen,A.Paulraj,Joint Angle and Delay Estimation using Shift-invariance Properties,IEEE Signal Processing Magazine,1997,4:142-145.
[35]张明,张平,宽带多天线无线传播信道的特性、测量和建模研究,北京邮电大学,2007.
[36]方舒,李立华,张平,空间相关随机MIMO信道建模,电子科技大学学报,2008(37)。
[37]B.H.Fleury, D.Dahlhaus, R.Heddergott, M.Tschudin, Wideband Angle of Arrival Estimation using the SAGE Algorithm, IEEE Fourth Int. Symp.Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applieations,1996:79-85.
[38]K.Pedersen, B.Fleury, P.Mogensen, High Resolution of Electromagnetic Waves in Time-varying Radio Channels, IEEE Int. Symp.Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communieations,1997.
[39]M.Tsehudin, R.Heddergott, P.Truffer, Validation of a High Resolution Measurement Technique for Estimating the Parameters of Impinging Waves in Indoor Environments, IEEE Int.Symp.Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communieations, 1998:1411-1416.
[40]W.C.Jakes,Mierowave Mobile Conununieations.IEEE Press,1974.
[41]Machael.A.Jensen, Jon.W.Wallace, A Review of Antennas and Propagation for MIMO Wireless Communications, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2004,52(11):2810-2824.
[42]B.H.Fleury, P.Jourdan, A.Stucki, High-resolution Channel Parameter Estimation for MIMO Applications using the SAGE Algorithm,Int. Zurich Seminar on Broadband Communications,2002,30:1-9.
[43]J.A.Fessler, A.O.Hero, Space-alternating Generalized Expectation Maximization Algorithm, IEEE Transactions on Signal Proeessing,1994,42(10): 2664-2677.
[44]Shanjian Liu, Yan Zhang, Yanhua Rui etc.5.8GHz Broadband Channel Characteristic Analysis Using Measurement Data,IET Conference Publications 2006, 347.
[45]史道济,张玉环,应用数理统计,天津大学出版社,2008.
[46]杨大成等,移动传播环境-理论基础、分析方法和建模技术,机械工业出版社,2003.
[47]J.E.Berg,R.Bronds,F.Lotse,Path Loss and Fading Modelsfor Microcells at 900MHz,IEEE Tech.Conference,1992:666-671.
[48]A.F.Toledo,A.M.D.Turkmani,Propagation imto and within Buildings at 900,1800,and 2300MHz,Elec.Lett.1998:52-53.
[49]V.Erceg, L.J.Greenstein, S.Y.Tjandra,etc.,An Empirically Based Path Loss Model for Wireless Channels in Suburban Envirnments, IEEE J.Sel.Areas Communication,1999:1205-1211.
[50]中国科学院数学研究所概率统计室,常用数理统计表,科学出版社,1974.
[51]Andrea.Goldsimth, Wireless Communications, Cambridge University Press, 2005.
[52]隋思涟,王岩,Matlab语言与工程数据分析,清华大学出版社,2009。
[2]V.Tarokh, H.Jafarkhani, A.R.Calderbank, Space-time Block Codes from Orthogonal Designs, IEEE Trans. Inform.Theory,1999,45:1456-1466.
[3]R. U. Nabar, O. r Oyman, H. Bolcskei, and A. J. Paulraj, Capacityscaling Laws in MIMO Wireless Networks, Proc. Allerton Conf. Communication Control and Computeing,2003:378-389.
[4]I.E.Telatar, Capacity of Mulit-antenna Gaussian Channels, Europ. Trans. Telecommunication,1999,10, pp:585-595.
[5]R.B.Ertel, P.Cardieri, K.W.Sowerby, etc.,Overview of Spatial Channel Models for Antnnna Array Communication System, IEEE Personal Communication, 1998:10-21.
[6]N.Czink, P.Cera, A Novel Framework for Clustering Parametric MIMO Channel Data Including MPC Powers, COST 273 Meeting,2005.
[7]D.W.Browne, M.Manteghi, M.P.Fitz, etc.,Antenna Topology Impacts on Measured MIMO Capacity, IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference,2005.
[8]K.I.Pedersen, J.B.Andersen, J.P.Kermoal, etc., A Stochastic MIMO Radio Channel Model fot Evaluatin of Space-time Coding Algorithms, IEEE 52nd Veh. Tech. Conference,2000,2:893-897.
[9]Juan Pablo, Wimax and LTE Prepare to do 4G Battle, Electronics world and Wireless world,2008,10:10-11.
[10]A.H.Khan, M.A.Qadeer, J.A.Ansari,etc.,4G as a Next Generation Wireless Network-Future Computer and Communication, ICFCC 2009. International Conference,2009:334-338.
[11]B.Wang, J.Zhang, A.H(?)st-Madsen, On the Capacity of MIMO Relay Channels, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,2005,51(1):29-43.
[12]IST-4-027756 WINNER2 D1.1.2 V1.1. WINNER2 Channel Models. Part 1 and Part 2,Information Society Technologies,2007.
[13]M.Steinbauer, A.F.Molisch, E.Bonek, The double-directional radio channel, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine,2001:51-63.
[14J.Nicholas.Laneman, Cooperative Diversity in Wireless Networks:Algorithms and Architectures,2002.
[15]Y. Okumura, E. Ohmori, T. Kawano, K. Fukuda,Field Strength and its Variability in VHF and UHF Land-mobile Radio Services, Review of the Electrical Communication Lab,1968,16, (9).
[16]Y. Oda, R. Tsuchihashi, K. Tsunekawa, M. Hata, Measured Path Loss and Multipath Propagation Characteristics in UHF and Microwave Frequency Band for Urban Mobile Communications, VTC 2001 Spring,2001,1:337-341.
[17]D. Baum, J. Hansen, J. Salo, G. Del Galdo, M. Milojvic, P. Kyosti,An Interim Channel Model for Beyond-3G Systems, IEEE VTC'05,2005.
[18]B.Wang, J.Zhang, MIMO Relay Channel and Its Application for Cooperative Communication in Ad hoc Networks, Proc. Allerton Conf. Communication, Control, and Computeing,2003:1556-1565.
[19]M. K. Karakayali, G. J. Foschini, R. A. Valenzuela, Network Coordination for Spectrally Efficient Communications in Cellular Systems, IEEE Communication Magazine,2006,44(8):56-61.
[20]D. Soldani, S. Dixit, "Wireless Relays for Broadband Access, IEEE Communication Magazine,2008,46(3):58-66.
[21]Y. Fan,J. S. Thompson,MIMO Configurations for Relay Channels:Theory and Practice," IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communication,2007,6, (5): 1774-1786.
[22]3GPP TR 25.996, Spatial Channel Model for Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Simulations (Rel.6),2003.
[23]P Kyosti etc., WINNER II Channel Models,IST-WINNER II D 1.1.2,2007.
[24]G Senarth etc., Multi-hop Relay System Evaluation Methodology (Channel Model and Performance Metric),IEEE 802.16j-06/013r3,2007.
[25]P. Almers etc., Survey of Channel and Radio Propagation Models for Wireless MIMO Systems, EURASIP J.Wireless Communication Network,2009.
[26]C.X. Wang etc., Spatial Temporal Correlation Properties of the 3GPP Spatial Channel Model and the Kronecker MIMO Channel Model, EURASIP J. Wireless Communication Network,2007.
[27]P.Agrawal,N.Patwari,Correlated Link Shadow Fading in Multihop Wireless Networks, IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communication,2009,8(8):4024-4036.
[28]C.X.Wang,X.Cheng,D.I.Laurenson, Vehicleto-Vehicle Channel Modeling and Measurements:Recent Advances and Future Challenges, IEEE Communication Magazine,2009,47(11):96-103.
[29]H.Krim,M.Viberg, Two Decades of Array Signal Proeessing Researeh,IEEE Signal Proeessing Magazine,1996:67-94.
[30]R.O.Schnlidt, "Multiple Emitter Loeation and Signal Parameter Estimation, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,1986(AP-34):276-280.
[31]R.Roy,T.Kailath, "ESPRIT-Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Techniques,IEEE Transactions on Signal Proeessing,1989,37,984-995.
[32]M.Haardr,J.Nossek, Unitary ESPIRT:How to Obtain Inereased Estirnation Accuracy with a Reduced Com putational Burden,IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,1995(SP-43):1232-1242.
[33]T.Lo, J.Litva, H.Leung, A New Approach for Estimating Indoor Radio Propagation Chatacteriseics, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 1994,42 (10):1369-1376.
[34]A.Van der Veen,M. Van der Veen,A.Paulraj,Joint Angle and Delay Estimation using Shift-invariance Properties,IEEE Signal Processing Magazine,1997,4:142-145.
[35]张明,张平,宽带多天线无线传播信道的特性、测量和建模研究,北京邮电大学,2007.
[36]方舒,李立华,张平,空间相关随机MIMO信道建模,电子科技大学学报,2008(37)。
[37]B.H.Fleury, D.Dahlhaus, R.Heddergott, M.Tschudin, Wideband Angle of Arrival Estimation using the SAGE Algorithm, IEEE Fourth Int. Symp.Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applieations,1996:79-85.
[38]K.Pedersen, B.Fleury, P.Mogensen, High Resolution of Electromagnetic Waves in Time-varying Radio Channels, IEEE Int. Symp.Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communieations,1997.
[39]M.Tsehudin, R.Heddergott, P.Truffer, Validation of a High Resolution Measurement Technique for Estimating the Parameters of Impinging Waves in Indoor Environments, IEEE Int.Symp.Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communieations, 1998:1411-1416.
[40]W.C.Jakes,Mierowave Mobile Conununieations.IEEE Press,1974.
[41]Machael.A.Jensen, Jon.W.Wallace, A Review of Antennas and Propagation for MIMO Wireless Communications, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2004,52(11):2810-2824.
[42]B.H.Fleury, P.Jourdan, A.Stucki, High-resolution Channel Parameter Estimation for MIMO Applications using the SAGE Algorithm,Int. Zurich Seminar on Broadband Communications,2002,30:1-9.
[43]J.A.Fessler, A.O.Hero, Space-alternating Generalized Expectation Maximization Algorithm, IEEE Transactions on Signal Proeessing,1994,42(10): 2664-2677.
[44]Shanjian Liu, Yan Zhang, Yanhua Rui etc.5.8GHz Broadband Channel Characteristic Analysis Using Measurement Data,IET Conference Publications 2006, 347.
[45]史道济,张玉环,应用数理统计,天津大学出版社,2008.
[46]杨大成等,移动传播环境-理论基础、分析方法和建模技术,机械工业出版社,2003.
[47]J.E.Berg,R.Bronds,F.Lotse,Path Loss and Fading Modelsfor Microcells at 900MHz,IEEE Tech.Conference,1992:666-671.
[48]A.F.Toledo,A.M.D.Turkmani,Propagation imto and within Buildings at 900,1800,and 2300MHz,Elec.Lett.1998:52-53.
[49]V.Erceg, L.J.Greenstein, S.Y.Tjandra,etc.,An Empirically Based Path Loss Model for Wireless Channels in Suburban Envirnments, IEEE J.Sel.Areas Communication,1999:1205-1211.
[50]中国科学院数学研究所概率统计室,常用数理统计表,科学出版社,1974.
[51]Andrea.Goldsimth, Wireless Communications, Cambridge University Press, 2005.
[52]隋思涟,王岩,Matlab语言与工程数据分析,清华大学出版社,2009。