山橡集团污水厂改造与再生水利用技术研究
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摘要
随着我国经济建设和城市化进程的不断加快,水已经成为制约我国尤其是我们北方干旱地区经济建设发展与生活水平提高的严重问题。但同时,我们又对宝贵的地下水资源无节制开采、浪费和大量地排放生产、生活污水使水资源紧张的状况更加突出。因此,污水资源化是地方和企业能够长期良性发展的有效措施。将城市污水、工业废水净化处理作为本身低水质用水的第二水源,具有开源、节流与环境保护的综合效益。
山橡集团做为中国国内最大氯丁橡胶生产企业,本次污水厂升级改造与再生水深度利用就是为了实现集团公司科学发展和一贯坚持的环保优先原则,把节能减排、环境治理当成提高企业经济,运行质量和效益的重要措施落实到实处。让“实力愈强,责任愈大”观念深入人心。
全文共分为九个章节,在绪论中对企业现状做了概要介绍并明确了企业所处的地理位置的自然条件和要达到的建设目标；工程方案中首先提出了设计依据和采用的设计标准、规范,然后介绍集团内当前各生产分厂工艺流程、污水的排放和治理现状。在总体改造中明确了设计思想和设计特点以及较详细阐述为什么要选用活性污泥法工艺及污泥如何处置。在第五章工艺设计改造中,对总图的平面布置、高程和管网布置做了明确要求,按工艺流程所涉及到的建(构)筑物和设备改造均做了说明；为了实现将部分低水质中水变为高品质再生水,增加了一整套深度回用处理系统,系统包括曝气生物滤池→混凝沉淀池→多介质过滤→微滤→反渗透脱盐；对其中涉及到的工艺所用的装置和设备均给出了详细尺寸和规格,出水完全可以满足企业生产用水。贯彻了最大限度的使用回用水的国家节水方针,减少了企业对新鲜水水量增长需求,大大减少对地下水的开采；采用的工艺合理和控制水平恰当,确保了生产安全可靠和出水水质稳定达标。污水处理当前是一种能耗密集型技术,因此在节能降耗这章中明确提出了对重点设备节电和建筑物的节能措施和要求,最后对整个项目进行了工程经济的简要分析。
《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划纲要》提出十一五未即到2010年,万元国内生产总值能耗降到1吨标准煤以下,降低20%左右；单位工业增加值用水量降低30%。山橡集团做为国有大中型企业有责任有义务实现《纲要》规定的要求,实现水在自然界中的良性循环。
As China's economic construction and the urbanization process is accelerating, water has become a serious problem that constrain-t our economic construction and improve our living standards in Chin a, especially in arid northern areas. But at the same time, we als-o mine valuable groundwater resources immoderately. Waste and mas-s discharge of Industrial and municipal sewage make the situation of water shortage more prominent. Therefore, the water resources ar-e effective measures of long-term healthy economic development of local areas and enterprises. Industrial and municipal sewage purificat-ion treatment as our second source of low quality water resources, will improve comprehensive benefits of open-source, Water conservation-n and environmental protection.
ShanXiang Group is the largest domestic producer of chloro prene rubber(CR), this preliminary process design of group's sewage plant renovation and depth reuse system of reclaimed water is to implement scientific concept of development and the company has consistently adhered the principles of environmental priorities. We implement these important measures of energy conservation & redu ction comsumption into practice as the means of improving group's economy, quality and effectiveness. Each staff was imbued with the concept that "the stronger power, the greater responsibility".
The paper is divided into nine chapters. The introduction is to introduce the present situation and the geographic location and nat-u ral conditions of company briefly and to achieve the goal of this e ngineering design.The chapter'engineering program'is proposed th e design standards and design code that may be used, and then intr oduce the current process of group's branch factories, the status of se wage discharge and treatment situation. In the chapter'overall renova tion'we illuminate the design thought and design features as well as why we use activated sludge process and how to sludge disposal. The fifth chapter in the design renovation, we made a clear request about the plane layout of the general layout, elevation design and layout of the network. According to process flow, it's involved in t he buildings (structures) and equipments are done that. In order to achieve the low quality reclaimed water into the high quality reclai med water we add a set of depth reuse system, including biological aerated filter(BAF)→coagulative precipitation tank→multi-medium fi lter→microfiltration→reverse osmosis desalination, of which involves the use of technology set and equipment are given in detailed siz-e and specification, and the effluent can meet the production and p rocess demand. These implement to maximize the use of reclaimed water in the national water policy, reducing the company growing d emand of fresh water. Used process control level is reasonable an-d appropriate to ensure the safety of production, reliability and sta-ble water quality standards. The current wastewater treatment is a energy-intensive technologies, measures and requirements of energy saving & reduction consumption must be clearly stated in the chapt-er about key equipments and buildings.Finally,we make the econom ic analysis of the entire project.
'The 11th Five-Year Plan for national economic and social dev-elopment'proposed Eleventh Five end, that is the year 2010, wanyu an GDP energy consumption down to 1 ton of standard coal below (a-bout 20% lower); unit of industrial added value of water consumpti on reduced by 30%. Xanxiang'group has the responsibility as the obl igation of state-owned large and medium enterprises to achieve the " The 11th Five-Year Plan "requirements, realizing water in a virtuo-us cycle of nature.
山橡集团做为中国国内最大氯丁橡胶生产企业,本次污水厂升级改造与再生水深度利用就是为了实现集团公司科学发展和一贯坚持的环保优先原则,把节能减排、环境治理当成提高企业经济,运行质量和效益的重要措施落实到实处。让“实力愈强,责任愈大”观念深入人心。
全文共分为九个章节,在绪论中对企业现状做了概要介绍并明确了企业所处的地理位置的自然条件和要达到的建设目标；工程方案中首先提出了设计依据和采用的设计标准、规范,然后介绍集团内当前各生产分厂工艺流程、污水的排放和治理现状。在总体改造中明确了设计思想和设计特点以及较详细阐述为什么要选用活性污泥法工艺及污泥如何处置。在第五章工艺设计改造中,对总图的平面布置、高程和管网布置做了明确要求,按工艺流程所涉及到的建(构)筑物和设备改造均做了说明；为了实现将部分低水质中水变为高品质再生水,增加了一整套深度回用处理系统,系统包括曝气生物滤池→混凝沉淀池→多介质过滤→微滤→反渗透脱盐；对其中涉及到的工艺所用的装置和设备均给出了详细尺寸和规格,出水完全可以满足企业生产用水。贯彻了最大限度的使用回用水的国家节水方针,减少了企业对新鲜水水量增长需求,大大减少对地下水的开采；采用的工艺合理和控制水平恰当,确保了生产安全可靠和出水水质稳定达标。污水处理当前是一种能耗密集型技术,因此在节能降耗这章中明确提出了对重点设备节电和建筑物的节能措施和要求,最后对整个项目进行了工程经济的简要分析。
《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划纲要》提出十一五未即到2010年,万元国内生产总值能耗降到1吨标准煤以下,降低20%左右；单位工业增加值用水量降低30%。山橡集团做为国有大中型企业有责任有义务实现《纲要》规定的要求,实现水在自然界中的良性循环。
As China's economic construction and the urbanization process is accelerating, water has become a serious problem that constrain-t our economic construction and improve our living standards in Chin a, especially in arid northern areas. But at the same time, we als-o mine valuable groundwater resources immoderately. Waste and mas-s discharge of Industrial and municipal sewage make the situation of water shortage more prominent. Therefore, the water resources ar-e effective measures of long-term healthy economic development of local areas and enterprises. Industrial and municipal sewage purificat-ion treatment as our second source of low quality water resources, will improve comprehensive benefits of open-source, Water conservation-n and environmental protection.
ShanXiang Group is the largest domestic producer of chloro prene rubber(CR), this preliminary process design of group's sewage plant renovation and depth reuse system of reclaimed water is to implement scientific concept of development and the company has consistently adhered the principles of environmental priorities. We implement these important measures of energy conservation & redu ction comsumption into practice as the means of improving group's economy, quality and effectiveness. Each staff was imbued with the concept that "the stronger power, the greater responsibility".
The paper is divided into nine chapters. The introduction is to introduce the present situation and the geographic location and nat-u ral conditions of company briefly and to achieve the goal of this e ngineering design.The chapter'engineering program'is proposed th e design standards and design code that may be used, and then intr oduce the current process of group's branch factories, the status of se wage discharge and treatment situation. In the chapter'overall renova tion'we illuminate the design thought and design features as well as why we use activated sludge process and how to sludge disposal. The fifth chapter in the design renovation, we made a clear request about the plane layout of the general layout, elevation design and layout of the network. According to process flow, it's involved in t he buildings (structures) and equipments are done that. In order to achieve the low quality reclaimed water into the high quality reclai med water we add a set of depth reuse system, including biological aerated filter(BAF)→coagulative precipitation tank→multi-medium fi lter→microfiltration→reverse osmosis desalination, of which involves the use of technology set and equipment are given in detailed siz-e and specification, and the effluent can meet the production and p rocess demand. These implement to maximize the use of reclaimed water in the national water policy, reducing the company growing d emand of fresh water. Used process control level is reasonable an-d appropriate to ensure the safety of production, reliability and sta-ble water quality standards. The current wastewater treatment is a energy-intensive technologies, measures and requirements of energy saving & reduction consumption must be clearly stated in the chapt-er about key equipments and buildings.Finally,we make the econom ic analysis of the entire project.
'The 11th Five-Year Plan for national economic and social dev-elopment'proposed Eleventh Five end, that is the year 2010, wanyu an GDP energy consumption down to 1 ton of standard coal below (a-bout 20% lower); unit of industrial added value of water consumpti on reduced by 30%. Xanxiang'group has the responsibility as the obl igation of state-owned large and medium enterprises to achieve the " The 11th Five-Year Plan "requirements, realizing water in a virtuo-us cycle of nature.
引文
[1]钱正英,张光斗主编中国可持续发展水资源战略研究综合报告(第一卷),北京：中国水利水电出版社,2001,27-31
[2]钱易,张忠祥,城市可持续发展与水污染防治对策,北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2000,136-139
[3]《污水处理设施使用现状资料、现场调查及回用水规划》,山西大同：山西合成橡胶集团有限责任公司环保处,北京市环境保护科学研究院；2005
[4]刘新平,化工污水回用新方法的研究[硕士学位论文],北京：北京工业大学,2003；
[5]屈阁,王志,混凝-微滤-反渗透集成技术深度处理抗生素制药废水,膜科学与技术2008,28(3)
[6]高廷耀主编,水污染控制工程,上册,北京：高等教育出版社,1989
[7]张希衡主编,废水治理工程,北京：冶金工业出版社,1984
[8]《工程地质勘察报告》,山西大同：山西省合成橡胶集团有限责任公司技术处,厂办印制；
[9]《山西合成橡胶集团各分厂详细工艺流程集》山西大同：山西省合成橡胶集团有限责任公司技术处,厂办印制；
[10]污水处理厂2005年度运转数据,山西大同：山西省合成橡胶集团有限责任公司环保处供,2005
[11]《氯丁污水处理试验总结》山西大同：氯丁污水处理科研设计会战组,1973年10月；
[12]《氯丁橡胶废水生化处理试验结果》山西大同：山橡集团技术处,北京市环境保护科学研究院,2002年；
[13]钱易,工业废水可生化性探讨,给水排水,1999,25(3)：23-26
[14]沈耀良,王宝贞,废水生物处理新技术-理论与应用,北京：中国环境科学出版社,1999
[15]张辰,李春光主编污水处理厂改扩建设计,上海市政工程设计研究总院组织编写,北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2008
[16]王继明.给水排水管道工程.北京：清华大学出版社,1989
[17]陆柱,蔡兰坤,陈中兴,黄光团.水处理药剂北京：化学工业出版社,2002
[18]张大群,污水处理机械设备设计与应用,北京：化学工业出版社,2003；
[19]崔福义,彭永臻,给水排水工程仪表与控制,北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1999
[20]金儒林,刘永龄.污泥处置北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1982
[21]安树林,膜科学技术实用教程.北京：化学工业出版社,2005,7-9
[22]赵奇,赵卫华,李杰.污水回用水质标准.见：周彤,编.污水回用决策与技术.北京：化学工业出版社,2002,196—220
[23]许振良,膜法水处理技术[M]北京：化学工业出版社,2001
[24]黄维菊,魏星.膜分离技术概论[M].北京：国防工业出版社,2008；
[25]ACTIFLOTM超高速沉淀池产品工艺及应用说明书,北京：威立雅水务工程(北京)有限公司
[26]康晓荣,微絮凝—砂滤—超滤工艺处理微污染地表研究[硕士学位论文],江西：南昌大学,2007；
[27]微滤—反渗透工艺在高品质再生水回用工程中的应用,给水排水,2008,第12期：9-13
[28]〈美〉Z·阿默加德主编殷琦华耀祖译Reverse Osmosis—Membrane Technology,Water chemistry and Industrial Applications,北京：化学工业出版社,1999
[29]城市污水处理厂物料能量分配及其优化策略研究,[硕士学位论文],北京：清华大学,2004；
[30]污水处理厂能耗特征分析方法与节能途径研究,给水排水(增刊),2009,270-274
[31]王涛,楼上游,中国城市污水处理工艺现状调查与技术经济指标评价,给水排水,2004,30(1)：1-4
[32]热电厂利用再生水的技术经济性分析,建筑节能,2009,第9期：68-70
[2]钱易,张忠祥,城市可持续发展与水污染防治对策,北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2000,136-139
[3]《污水处理设施使用现状资料、现场调查及回用水规划》,山西大同：山西合成橡胶集团有限责任公司环保处,北京市环境保护科学研究院；2005
[4]刘新平,化工污水回用新方法的研究[硕士学位论文],北京：北京工业大学,2003；
[5]屈阁,王志,混凝-微滤-反渗透集成技术深度处理抗生素制药废水,膜科学与技术2008,28(3)
[6]高廷耀主编,水污染控制工程,上册,北京：高等教育出版社,1989
[7]张希衡主编,废水治理工程,北京：冶金工业出版社,1984
[8]《工程地质勘察报告》,山西大同：山西省合成橡胶集团有限责任公司技术处,厂办印制；
[9]《山西合成橡胶集团各分厂详细工艺流程集》山西大同：山西省合成橡胶集团有限责任公司技术处,厂办印制；
[10]污水处理厂2005年度运转数据,山西大同：山西省合成橡胶集团有限责任公司环保处供,2005
[11]《氯丁污水处理试验总结》山西大同：氯丁污水处理科研设计会战组,1973年10月；
[12]《氯丁橡胶废水生化处理试验结果》山西大同：山橡集团技术处,北京市环境保护科学研究院,2002年；
[13]钱易,工业废水可生化性探讨,给水排水,1999,25(3)：23-26
[14]沈耀良,王宝贞,废水生物处理新技术-理论与应用,北京：中国环境科学出版社,1999
[15]张辰,李春光主编污水处理厂改扩建设计,上海市政工程设计研究总院组织编写,北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2008
[16]王继明.给水排水管道工程.北京：清华大学出版社,1989
[17]陆柱,蔡兰坤,陈中兴,黄光团.水处理药剂北京：化学工业出版社,2002
[18]张大群,污水处理机械设备设计与应用,北京：化学工业出版社,2003；
[19]崔福义,彭永臻,给水排水工程仪表与控制,北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1999
[20]金儒林,刘永龄.污泥处置北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1982
[21]安树林,膜科学技术实用教程.北京：化学工业出版社,2005,7-9
[22]赵奇,赵卫华,李杰.污水回用水质标准.见：周彤,编.污水回用决策与技术.北京：化学工业出版社,2002,196—220
[23]许振良,膜法水处理技术[M]北京：化学工业出版社,2001
[24]黄维菊,魏星.膜分离技术概论[M].北京：国防工业出版社,2008；
[25]ACTIFLOTM超高速沉淀池产品工艺及应用说明书,北京：威立雅水务工程(北京)有限公司
[26]康晓荣,微絮凝—砂滤—超滤工艺处理微污染地表研究[硕士学位论文],江西：南昌大学,2007；
[27]微滤—反渗透工艺在高品质再生水回用工程中的应用,给水排水,2008,第12期：9-13
[28]〈美〉Z·阿默加德主编殷琦华耀祖译Reverse Osmosis—Membrane Technology,Water chemistry and Industrial Applications,北京：化学工业出版社,1999
[29]城市污水处理厂物料能量分配及其优化策略研究,[硕士学位论文],北京：清华大学,2004；
[30]污水处理厂能耗特征分析方法与节能途径研究,给水排水(增刊),2009,270-274
[31]王涛,楼上游,中国城市污水处理工艺现状调查与技术经济指标评价,给水排水,2004,30(1)：1-4
[32]热电厂利用再生水的技术经济性分析,建筑节能,2009,第9期：68-70