测井高分辨率层序地层分析
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摘要
腾格尔组作为二连盆地白音查干凹陷的三套良好的烃源岩和三套含油地层之一,显示了良好的勘探开发潜力。本文针对腾格尔组地层精细对比、储层沉积特征、砂体展布及组合规律等问题,从测井高分辨率层序地层分析方法和定量化手段研究入手,结合测井地质学、岩石物理学等领域的基本理论,进行腾格尔组测井高分辨率层序地层分析及应用研究。通过研究,期望为白音查干凹陷油气勘探开发提供有力的依据,同时对测井高分辨率层序地层分析研究方法的定量化起到积极的推动作用。取得的主要认识和结论总结如下:
(1)运用数学方法进行测井高分辨率层序地层分析中所需测井曲线参数的提取。提取的测井曲线参数包括曲线幅值参数、反映沉积特征的参数、用于岩性识别的解释参数集、曲线最优特征值和高低频特征参数值。
(2)运用支持向量机建立测井岩性识别非线性模型,进行腾格尔组测井岩性的识别。分析结果表明,采用自然伽玛、声波、密度以及中子四条测井曲线的平均值、极差和方差3个参数组成的参数集对腾格尔组的岩性识别较好。
(3)首次将测井曲线特征分级函数用于测井高分辨率层序地层转换面识别和厘定中,并利用不同的特征分级函数值进行测井曲线基值发生改变的转换点、大型河道冲刷面、进积(加积)与退积的转换面所代表的层序界面的判断。
(4)进行测井曲线拟合,根据拟合曲线方程的最高阶自变量系数的大小,实现测井曲线形态和地层叠加样式的自动识别。
(5)结合岩心资料,利用测井曲线的变化特点建立腾格尔组的岩-电响应特征和腾格尔组扇三角洲和辫状河三角洲的测井相模式,利用此模式进行腾格尔组的测井相分析。
(6)按照A/S(可容空间/供给)变化规律,利用测井曲线旋回性及其叠加样式变化特点分析,将腾格尔组短期旋回层序划分为向上变深、向上变浅和对称3种主要类型以及7种亚类型。依据小波变换低频曲线趋势变化特点,以a7曲线作为中期基准面旋回划分的参考曲线,将腾格尔组中期旋回划分为7个(MSC1-MSC7)。以MSC4上升和下降半旋回转换面为界,将腾格尔组分为上升和下降半旋回组成的一个长期旋回。
(7)腾格尔组短期旋回中砂体以上升半旋回底部和下降半旋回的顶部比较发育。中期旋回等时地层格架下,达尔其地区腾格尔组分为四个不同的物源,其中中东部物源延伸较远,在前端形成浊积扇沉积,MSC4中期旋回地层沉积反映出明显的湖侵特点。在长期旋回等时地层格架下,在基准面上升期,地层由加积向上转换为退积叠加样式,在基准面下降期,地层呈弱进积或加积叠加型式,相对于上油组地层,下油组的砂体厚度较大、粒度粗和含油性明显好。
(8)腾格尔组为低～中孔、低～特低渗储层,储层物性在纵向和平面分布上差别显著,非均质性很强,其中分流河道、河口坝等微相物性最好。
Tengge’er formation, as one of the three favorable hydrocarbon source rocks and three oil-bearing strata in Baiyinchagan depression, Erlian basin, shows great potential to exploration and development. This thesis, aimed at the questions of fine strata correlation, sedimentary features, regular pattern of sand-body distribution and combination of Tengge’er formation, beginning with methods and quantification techniques study of high resolution sequence stratigraphy analysis from well logging data, making use of the basic theories in fields of well logging geology and petrophysics, have done some research in high resolution sequence stratigraphy analysis on Tengge’er formation. After doing this, the author hope that the achievements laid cornerstone for the exploration and development in Baiyinchagan dpression, and have great effects to promote the quantification of high resolution sequence stratigraphy analysis. Main achievements in the research are as the following:
(1)Based on mathematic methods, parameters, which used to high resolution sequence stratigraphy analysis from well logging data, have been extracted from log curves, the parameters includes amplitude parameters, the parameters that can reflect sedimentary characters, the interpretation parameter sets that can be used on lithology discrimination, best eigenvalue, high and low frequency parameter values.
(2)Lithology discrimination of Tengge’er formation has been done by using non-linear lithology discrimination model that established from support vector machines. The results show that the parameter sets, which combined with average, extreme difference and variance parameters of nature gamma, sonic, density, and neutron curve is suitable to lithology discrimination.
(3)It’s first time that the function of characteristic classification have been used on identification and quantification of transformation boundaries, under different values of that, transformation surfaces which reflect sequence boundaries such as base value alternation of log curves, large scale riverway erosion, progradation(aggradation) with retrogradation have been identified.
(4)Log curve shapes and strata stacking patterns have been judged automatically though curves simulation, using the coefficient of independent variable in the highest rank which derived from mathematic expression of the simulated curve.
(5)Litho-electric property relationship has been established from the data of cores and well logging, joining with the establishment of log-facies models of fan delta and braided delta in Tengge’er formation, log-facies of Tengge’er formation have been analyzed.
(6)According to A/S (Accommodation/Supply) variation, based on analysis results of cycle properties and its stacking patterns of well logging, short-term base lever cycle sequences have been divided into three main types including up-deeping asymmetry, up-shallowing asymmetry and symmetry, and seven secondly types. Under curve variation trend in low frequency that come from wavelet transformation, mid-term cycles number of Tengge’er formation have been confirmed to seven(MSC1-MSC7) by using curve a7 as an reference. Tengge’er formation was a long-term cycle which composed with ascending and descending semi-cycle, according to transformation boundary of ascending and descending semi-base lever cycle in MSC4.
(7)Under short-term base lever cycle,sand-body growths mainly in bottom of ascending base lever cycles and top of descending base lever cycles. Under same time strata framework of mid-term base lever cycles, Tengge’er formation in Daerqi area have been divided into 4 different provenance, in which, middle-east provenance have a long extension, at the end of it, turbidite fan developed, strata sedimentary of MSC4 in mid-term base lever cycles show lake transgressive characters. Under long-term base lever cycles, at the beginning of ascending base lever cycles, strata stacking types show the trend of aggradation to retrogradation, at the time of descending base lever cycles, strata stacking types show the trend of slightly progradation or aggradation, oil formation below is higher than oil formation upside in characters of sand-body thickness, grain size and oil-bearing.
(8)Tengge’er formation shows low to middle porosity and low to extra-low permeability characters, formation geophysical properties show notability differentiation and extra heterogeneity in portrait and lateral, in which, geophysical properties in microfacies of subaqueous distributary channel and mouth bar are best.
(1)运用数学方法进行测井高分辨率层序地层分析中所需测井曲线参数的提取。提取的测井曲线参数包括曲线幅值参数、反映沉积特征的参数、用于岩性识别的解释参数集、曲线最优特征值和高低频特征参数值。
(2)运用支持向量机建立测井岩性识别非线性模型,进行腾格尔组测井岩性的识别。分析结果表明,采用自然伽玛、声波、密度以及中子四条测井曲线的平均值、极差和方差3个参数组成的参数集对腾格尔组的岩性识别较好。
(3)首次将测井曲线特征分级函数用于测井高分辨率层序地层转换面识别和厘定中,并利用不同的特征分级函数值进行测井曲线基值发生改变的转换点、大型河道冲刷面、进积(加积)与退积的转换面所代表的层序界面的判断。
(4)进行测井曲线拟合,根据拟合曲线方程的最高阶自变量系数的大小,实现测井曲线形态和地层叠加样式的自动识别。
(5)结合岩心资料,利用测井曲线的变化特点建立腾格尔组的岩-电响应特征和腾格尔组扇三角洲和辫状河三角洲的测井相模式,利用此模式进行腾格尔组的测井相分析。
(6)按照A/S(可容空间/供给)变化规律,利用测井曲线旋回性及其叠加样式变化特点分析,将腾格尔组短期旋回层序划分为向上变深、向上变浅和对称3种主要类型以及7种亚类型。依据小波变换低频曲线趋势变化特点,以a7曲线作为中期基准面旋回划分的参考曲线,将腾格尔组中期旋回划分为7个(MSC1-MSC7)。以MSC4上升和下降半旋回转换面为界,将腾格尔组分为上升和下降半旋回组成的一个长期旋回。
(7)腾格尔组短期旋回中砂体以上升半旋回底部和下降半旋回的顶部比较发育。中期旋回等时地层格架下,达尔其地区腾格尔组分为四个不同的物源,其中中东部物源延伸较远,在前端形成浊积扇沉积,MSC4中期旋回地层沉积反映出明显的湖侵特点。在长期旋回等时地层格架下,在基准面上升期,地层由加积向上转换为退积叠加样式,在基准面下降期,地层呈弱进积或加积叠加型式,相对于上油组地层,下油组的砂体厚度较大、粒度粗和含油性明显好。
(8)腾格尔组为低～中孔、低～特低渗储层,储层物性在纵向和平面分布上差别显著,非均质性很强,其中分流河道、河口坝等微相物性最好。
Tengge’er formation, as one of the three favorable hydrocarbon source rocks and three oil-bearing strata in Baiyinchagan depression, Erlian basin, shows great potential to exploration and development. This thesis, aimed at the questions of fine strata correlation, sedimentary features, regular pattern of sand-body distribution and combination of Tengge’er formation, beginning with methods and quantification techniques study of high resolution sequence stratigraphy analysis from well logging data, making use of the basic theories in fields of well logging geology and petrophysics, have done some research in high resolution sequence stratigraphy analysis on Tengge’er formation. After doing this, the author hope that the achievements laid cornerstone for the exploration and development in Baiyinchagan dpression, and have great effects to promote the quantification of high resolution sequence stratigraphy analysis. Main achievements in the research are as the following:
(1)Based on mathematic methods, parameters, which used to high resolution sequence stratigraphy analysis from well logging data, have been extracted from log curves, the parameters includes amplitude parameters, the parameters that can reflect sedimentary characters, the interpretation parameter sets that can be used on lithology discrimination, best eigenvalue, high and low frequency parameter values.
(2)Lithology discrimination of Tengge’er formation has been done by using non-linear lithology discrimination model that established from support vector machines. The results show that the parameter sets, which combined with average, extreme difference and variance parameters of nature gamma, sonic, density, and neutron curve is suitable to lithology discrimination.
(3)It’s first time that the function of characteristic classification have been used on identification and quantification of transformation boundaries, under different values of that, transformation surfaces which reflect sequence boundaries such as base value alternation of log curves, large scale riverway erosion, progradation(aggradation) with retrogradation have been identified.
(4)Log curve shapes and strata stacking patterns have been judged automatically though curves simulation, using the coefficient of independent variable in the highest rank which derived from mathematic expression of the simulated curve.
(5)Litho-electric property relationship has been established from the data of cores and well logging, joining with the establishment of log-facies models of fan delta and braided delta in Tengge’er formation, log-facies of Tengge’er formation have been analyzed.
(6)According to A/S (Accommodation/Supply) variation, based on analysis results of cycle properties and its stacking patterns of well logging, short-term base lever cycle sequences have been divided into three main types including up-deeping asymmetry, up-shallowing asymmetry and symmetry, and seven secondly types. Under curve variation trend in low frequency that come from wavelet transformation, mid-term cycles number of Tengge’er formation have been confirmed to seven(MSC1-MSC7) by using curve a7 as an reference. Tengge’er formation was a long-term cycle which composed with ascending and descending semi-cycle, according to transformation boundary of ascending and descending semi-base lever cycle in MSC4.
(7)Under short-term base lever cycle,sand-body growths mainly in bottom of ascending base lever cycles and top of descending base lever cycles. Under same time strata framework of mid-term base lever cycles, Tengge’er formation in Daerqi area have been divided into 4 different provenance, in which, middle-east provenance have a long extension, at the end of it, turbidite fan developed, strata sedimentary of MSC4 in mid-term base lever cycles show lake transgressive characters. Under long-term base lever cycles, at the beginning of ascending base lever cycles, strata stacking types show the trend of aggradation to retrogradation, at the time of descending base lever cycles, strata stacking types show the trend of slightly progradation or aggradation, oil formation below is higher than oil formation upside in characters of sand-body thickness, grain size and oil-bearing.
(8)Tengge’er formation shows low to middle porosity and low to extra-low permeability characters, formation geophysical properties show notability differentiation and extra heterogeneity in portrait and lateral, in which, geophysical properties in microfacies of subaqueous distributary channel and mouth bar are best.
引文
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