09MnNiD钢马氏体温轧—退火制备超细晶及其热稳定性
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摘要
本文对板条马氏体组织的09MnNiD钢板进行了多道次大压下量(累积相对压下量70 %)、温度为400℃的轧制和低温退火处理,制备出超细晶粒和纳米晶粒钢板。并用光学显微镜(OM),透射电子显微镜(TEM),X-ray衍射仪(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),研究了退火温度和时间对板条马氏体大压下量温轧组织的影响,利用显微硬度和拉伸实验测定了其力学性能。
XRD谢乐法和TEM暗场法两种方法测定纳米晶粒尺寸的结果表明,谢乐法与TEM暗场象的弦线法所测结果吻合较好。调整退火温度和时间,可获得平均晶粒尺寸为20 nm到1.8μm的一系列超细晶粒钢板和纳米晶粒钢板。
显微硬度实验和室温单轴拉伸实验结果表明,09MnNiD钢板条马氏体温轧组织在300-400℃退火,温度和时间对其强度和硬度的影响较小;在400-600℃退火,温度和时间对组织和性能都有很显著的影响。SEM断口观察表明,在300-550℃退火,拉伸断口存在不同程度的层片状形貌特征,这种层片特征随退火温度的提高而减弱,600℃退火,拉伸断口的层片形貌特征消失。300-600℃退火,随温度升高,断口包含的韧窝数量增加、尺寸增大;试样延伸率相应地增加。最后,通过残留加工硬化法研究了板条马氏体温轧组织的再结晶动力学,并对制备的09MnNiD钢超细晶的细化机制和超细晶的热稳定性所作的初步分析表明,抑制再结晶晶粒长大的因素主要是析出碳化物对晶界迁移的拖曳作用。
In this paper, the ultra fine grained and the nano-grained steel sheets were prepared by a new process of severe multi-pass warm rolling(accumulated reduction of 70 %) and low temperature annealing of 09MnNiD steel with starting structure of lath martensite. And the effects of the annealing temperature and duracing time on the microstructure of the severe warm-rolled samples of lath martensite were studied by using optical microscopy(OM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and the mechanical property were studied by microhardness test and tensile tests.
The microstructure observation indicates that, the results of XRD scheer method are in good agreement with that of TEM dark field technique. And, by adjusting annealing temperature and duracing time, the ultra fine grained and the nano-grained steel sheets with average grain size from 20 nm to 1.8μm were obtained.
The tests of microhardness and stretch at the room temperature show that the annealing temperature and the duracing time have limited effect on the specimen annealing at 300-400℃, and notable effect while annealing at 400-600℃. SEM observation of the tensile fracture indicated that, when annealed below 550℃, tensile fracture showed delamination, when annealed at 600℃, the delamination character disappeared. Then recrystalization dynamics of warm-rolled lath martensite was studied by the method of remained work hardening. In addition, the mechanisms of the refining and the thermal stablity of the ultra fine grains and the nano-grains was also discussed. And it shows that the major factor of the recrystal grains growth inhibition is the drag-like effect of the growth of the precipitated carbide .
XRD谢乐法和TEM暗场法两种方法测定纳米晶粒尺寸的结果表明,谢乐法与TEM暗场象的弦线法所测结果吻合较好。调整退火温度和时间,可获得平均晶粒尺寸为20 nm到1.8μm的一系列超细晶粒钢板和纳米晶粒钢板。
显微硬度实验和室温单轴拉伸实验结果表明,09MnNiD钢板条马氏体温轧组织在300-400℃退火,温度和时间对其强度和硬度的影响较小;在400-600℃退火,温度和时间对组织和性能都有很显著的影响。SEM断口观察表明,在300-550℃退火,拉伸断口存在不同程度的层片状形貌特征,这种层片特征随退火温度的提高而减弱,600℃退火,拉伸断口的层片形貌特征消失。300-600℃退火,随温度升高,断口包含的韧窝数量增加、尺寸增大;试样延伸率相应地增加。最后,通过残留加工硬化法研究了板条马氏体温轧组织的再结晶动力学,并对制备的09MnNiD钢超细晶的细化机制和超细晶的热稳定性所作的初步分析表明,抑制再结晶晶粒长大的因素主要是析出碳化物对晶界迁移的拖曳作用。
In this paper, the ultra fine grained and the nano-grained steel sheets were prepared by a new process of severe multi-pass warm rolling(accumulated reduction of 70 %) and low temperature annealing of 09MnNiD steel with starting structure of lath martensite. And the effects of the annealing temperature and duracing time on the microstructure of the severe warm-rolled samples of lath martensite were studied by using optical microscopy(OM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and the mechanical property were studied by microhardness test and tensile tests.
The microstructure observation indicates that, the results of XRD scheer method are in good agreement with that of TEM dark field technique. And, by adjusting annealing temperature and duracing time, the ultra fine grained and the nano-grained steel sheets with average grain size from 20 nm to 1.8μm were obtained.
The tests of microhardness and stretch at the room temperature show that the annealing temperature and the duracing time have limited effect on the specimen annealing at 300-400℃, and notable effect while annealing at 400-600℃. SEM observation of the tensile fracture indicated that, when annealed below 550℃, tensile fracture showed delamination, when annealed at 600℃, the delamination character disappeared. Then recrystalization dynamics of warm-rolled lath martensite was studied by the method of remained work hardening. In addition, the mechanisms of the refining and the thermal stablity of the ultra fine grains and the nano-grains was also discussed. And it shows that the major factor of the recrystal grains growth inhibition is the drag-like effect of the growth of the precipitated carbide .
引文
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10. Z. Xin, J. Tianfu, G. Yuwei, Z. Jifeng, W Wang, Annealing Behavior of Nano-layered Steel Produced by Heavy Cold—rolling of Lath Martensite, Materials Science and Engineering, 2005, 397:117-121
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2. Z. Horita, Takayoshi, Fujinami, G. Terence, L dong, The Potential for Scaling ECAP—Effect of Sample Size on Grain Refinement and Mechanical Properties, Materials Science and Engineering A, 2001, 318:34-36
3. V. Stolyarov, Y.Tian, T. Zhu, C. Lowe, R.. Kellen, Two step SPD Processing of Ultra-fine Grained titanium, Nano-structured Materials,1999, 11:947-949
4. D. Dong, H. Shin, P. Kyung-Tae, Ultra-fine Grained Steels Processed by Equal Channel Angular Pressing, Materials Science and Engineering, 2005, 299:410-411
5. Y. Saito, N. Tsuji, H. Utsunomiya, T. Sakai, G. Hong, Ultra-fine grained Bulk Aluminum Produced by Accumulative Roll-bonding(ARB) Process, Scripta Materialia, 1998 39:1221-1222
6. N. Tsuji, Y. Saito, H. Utsunomiya, S. Tanigawa, Ultra-fine Grained Bulk Steel Produced by Accumulative Roll-bonding(ARB) Process, Scripta Materialia, 1999, 40:795-799
7. N. Tsuji, R. Ueji, Y. Minamino, Y. Saito, A New and Simple Process to Obtain Nano-structured Bulk Low-carbon Steel with Superior Mechanical Property, Scripta Materialia, 2006 46:305-306
8. R. Ueji, N. Tsuji, Y. Minamino, Y. Koizumi, Ultra-grain Refinement Of Plain Low Carbon Steel by Cold-rolling and Annealing of Martensite, Acta Mater, 2002 50: 4177-4178
9. R. Ueji, N. Tsuji, Y. Minamino, Y. Koizumi, Effect of Rolling Reduction on Ultra-fine Grained structure and Mechanical Properties of Low-carbon Steel Thermo Mechanically Processed from Martensite Starting Structure, Science and Technologyof Advanced Materials, 2006 ,5:153-155
10. Z. Xin, J. Tianfu, G. Yuwei, Z. Jifeng, W Wang, Annealing Behavior of Nano-layered Steel Produced by Heavy Cold—rolling of Lath Martensite, Materials Science and Engineering, 2005, 397:117-121
11.蓝慧芳, W J Liu,刘相华,马氏体冷轧-回火制备超细晶钢及其热稳定性,材料研究学报:2008, No.3
12.闫肃,刘景辉,刘云旭.低碳钢铁素体晶粒超细化技术[J]金属热处理, 2005, 30 (10):13-14
13.翁宇庆.超细晶钢理论及技术进展,.钢铁, 2005, 40(3):1-2
14.陈蕴博,张福成,褚作明等.钢铁材料组织超细化处理工艺研究进展.北京:中国工程科学, 2003, 5(1):74
15.翁宇庆.超细晶钢的组织细化理论和控制技术.北京:冶金工业出版社, 2003
16.科恩. M著.钢的微合金化及控制轧制.李述创,向德渊译.北京:冶金工业出版社, 1984
17.雷毅,余圣甫,徐晓峰.微米级超细晶粒钢细化技术的研究进展.北京,兵器材料科学与工程, 2005, 28(2): 62-63
18.王祖滨.低合金钢和微合金钢的发展.北京中国冶金, 1999, (3):19-20
19.李新城,陈光,张开华.钢铁材料组织超细化技术研究.北京热加工工艺, 2002, 1(6): 54-55
20.刘建,王华昆,宋立秋等.钒氮微合金化高强度钢的研究及应用.四川四川冶金工业出版社, 2006, 28(1):24
21.李维娟.生产超细晶粒低碳钢的实验研究.中国钢铁年会论文集.北京:冶金工业出版社, 2003. 573
22.翁宇庆.钢铁结构材料的组织细化.北京钢铁学报, 2003, 38(5):1-2
23.董瀚,孙新军,刘清友,翁宇庆.变形诱导铁素体相变现象与理论.北京钢铁研究学报, 2005, 38(10):56-57
24. N. Tsuij, Y. Saito, H. Utsunomiya, etal. Ultra-Fine Grained Bulk Steel Produced by Accumulative Roll Bonding(ARB) Process. Scripta Materialia, 1999, 40(7):795-796
25. C. Alm, A. Reis, KestensL,etal. Ultra Grain Refinement and Hardening of IF-Steelduring Accumulative Roll-Bonding. Materials Science and Engineering, 2005,A 406:279-280
26. R. Ueji, N. Tsuji, Y. Minamino. etal. Ultra grain Refinement of Plain Low Carbon Steel by Cold-rolling and Annealing of Martensite . Acta Materialia, 2002, 50:4177-4178
27.陈勇军,王渠东,李德江等.往复挤压工艺制备超细晶材料的研究与发展.北京材料科学与工程学报, 2006, 24(1):152-153
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