平顶山矿区煤岩冲击试验及冲击地压预测研究
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摘要
随着矿山开采深度的不断增大,冲击地压问题越来越严重,已经成为制约矿山生产和安全主要重大灾害之一。本文结合平顶山矿区实际地质条件、煤层条件及开采技术条件情况,对冲击地压发生的影响因素、预测及防治进行研究。
采用弹性能指数、冲击能指数、动态破坏时间及弯曲能量指数对平顶山矿区部分矿井主要煤层及顶、底板冲击倾向性进行研究,得出各煤层及顶、底板大多具有中等或者弱冲击倾向性;与此同时,对煤在单轴压缩破坏及加、卸载以及煤层顶底板在单轴压缩及弯曲破坏各个阶段的声发射特性进行研究,得出煤、岩在破坏前声发射大多有一个“平静期”,为冲击地压的预测预报提供依据。
针对发生冲击地压地点,对冲击地压影响因素进行分析。采用FLAC2D数值模拟软件对煤层硬度及坚硬顶板距煤层的距离对冲击地压的影响进行模拟,得出在一定范围内,坚硬厚层砂岩顶板距离煤层的距离越近,越容易发生冲击地压;煤体越硬,煤体应力集中程度越高。
采用综合指数法对发生冲击地压的己15-16-24110工作面进行预测,得出该工作面具有中等冲击危险;与此同时,在该工作面机、风巷进行钻屑法现场试验,预测支承压力对冲击地压的影响,认为风巷在支承压力影响范围内,都具有冲击危险,而机巷在距采面30m内具有冲击危险,30m外冲击危险逐渐减弱。
With the increasing depth of mining, rock burst is becoming more and more serious. It has become a major disaster for the production and safety of mining. The influences, prediction and prevention of rock burst were studied in this thesis, based on the real geological, coal seam and mining technology conditions in Pingdingshan coal area.
The rock burst tendency of coal and its roof and floor in Pingdingshan were studied, using the elastic energy index, burst energy index, dynamic failure duration and bending energy index. The tests concluded that most coal seams and their roofs and floors have moderate or weak rock burst tendency. The acoustic emission under uniaxial compression damage and loading and unloading for coal seams was studied, as well as the uniaxial compression damage and flexural failure for its roof and floor. It concluded that most samples had a“quiet period”before damage. This conclusion provided a basis for the forecasting of rock burst.
The factors of rock burst at the location of bump were studied. Through numerical simulation software of FLAC2D, the effects of coal bed hardness and the distance from hard and thick roof to coal seam on rock burst were studied. The distance from hard and thick roof to coal seam is closer, the rock burst is more likely to appear. The harder of coal seam, the higher of the stress in coal seam.
The shock hazard of J15-16-24110 was predicted with composite index method, and moderate rock burst tendency appears in this working face. Meanwhile, the cuttings tests were conducted in the headway and gateway of the working face, and abutment pressure effect to shock hazard were predicted. It concluded that shock hazard appears in gateway under abutment pressure, it appears in headway within 30m to the working face, and becomes weaker beyond 30m to the working face.
采用弹性能指数、冲击能指数、动态破坏时间及弯曲能量指数对平顶山矿区部分矿井主要煤层及顶、底板冲击倾向性进行研究,得出各煤层及顶、底板大多具有中等或者弱冲击倾向性;与此同时,对煤在单轴压缩破坏及加、卸载以及煤层顶底板在单轴压缩及弯曲破坏各个阶段的声发射特性进行研究,得出煤、岩在破坏前声发射大多有一个“平静期”,为冲击地压的预测预报提供依据。
针对发生冲击地压地点,对冲击地压影响因素进行分析。采用FLAC2D数值模拟软件对煤层硬度及坚硬顶板距煤层的距离对冲击地压的影响进行模拟,得出在一定范围内,坚硬厚层砂岩顶板距离煤层的距离越近,越容易发生冲击地压;煤体越硬,煤体应力集中程度越高。
采用综合指数法对发生冲击地压的己15-16-24110工作面进行预测,得出该工作面具有中等冲击危险;与此同时,在该工作面机、风巷进行钻屑法现场试验,预测支承压力对冲击地压的影响,认为风巷在支承压力影响范围内,都具有冲击危险,而机巷在距采面30m内具有冲击危险,30m外冲击危险逐渐减弱。
With the increasing depth of mining, rock burst is becoming more and more serious. It has become a major disaster for the production and safety of mining. The influences, prediction and prevention of rock burst were studied in this thesis, based on the real geological, coal seam and mining technology conditions in Pingdingshan coal area.
The rock burst tendency of coal and its roof and floor in Pingdingshan were studied, using the elastic energy index, burst energy index, dynamic failure duration and bending energy index. The tests concluded that most coal seams and their roofs and floors have moderate or weak rock burst tendency. The acoustic emission under uniaxial compression damage and loading and unloading for coal seams was studied, as well as the uniaxial compression damage and flexural failure for its roof and floor. It concluded that most samples had a“quiet period”before damage. This conclusion provided a basis for the forecasting of rock burst.
The factors of rock burst at the location of bump were studied. Through numerical simulation software of FLAC2D, the effects of coal bed hardness and the distance from hard and thick roof to coal seam on rock burst were studied. The distance from hard and thick roof to coal seam is closer, the rock burst is more likely to appear. The harder of coal seam, the higher of the stress in coal seam.
The shock hazard of J15-16-24110 was predicted with composite index method, and moderate rock burst tendency appears in this working face. Meanwhile, the cuttings tests were conducted in the headway and gateway of the working face, and abutment pressure effect to shock hazard were predicted. It concluded that shock hazard appears in gateway under abutment pressure, it appears in headway within 30m to the working face, and becomes weaker beyond 30m to the working face.
引文
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