哈拉沟煤矿浅埋深加长综采工作面矿压规律研究
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摘要
随着陕北浅埋煤层的开发,我国学者对宽度在300m以下的小采高(5m以下)浅埋煤层综采工作面进行了比较深入的研究。对大采高(大于5.0m)、加长综采工作面(300m以上)覆岩层破断规律研究较少。随着神东矿区工作面不断加长、采高逐渐增大,研究浅埋深加长工作面矿压显现规律和岩层控制具有非常重要的意义。
本文以哈拉沟煤矿22209综采工作面(320m)为研究对象,对整个工作面的回采进行完整的矿压观测。对比22201综采工作面(240m)的矿压规律,揭示加长综采工作面老顶初次来压、周期来压、末采3m等压、大小周期来压的全程规律,分析了工作面长短、上覆基岩厚度对周期来压规律的影响。利用关键层理论和“台阶岩梁”理论,结合工作面工作阻力实测,揭示工作面来压机理,确定工作面支架合理的工作阻力,为支架的选型提供了科学依据。最后对工作面的合理长度的优化进行了探讨,为工作面的合理布置提供了参考依据。
研究表明,哈拉沟煤矿2-2埋深煤层320m加长工作面初次来压步距为62~77m,周期来压步距平均为9.9~12.9m,加长综采工作面存在大小周期来压现象来压明显;工作面上、中、下部出现自三条明显的压力中心并向两侧递减的压力分布;支架合理的工作阻力范围应为9827~11752kN/架。合理的确定工作面长度需要从推进速度、经济效益、工作阻力、顶板管理难度等方面去综合考虑。工作面长度过大会造成推进速度慢,使上覆岩层垮落充分,周期来压频繁。哈拉沟矿2-2煤层目前使用的支架可以勉强适应长度为320m的工作面,工作面为300m以内最具有安全和经济性。
实践表明,研究结果为哈拉沟煤矿大采高加长工作面支架阻力确定、工作面长度优化、回采期间的顶板控制等提供了技术保障。
With the development of Shanbei coal area, the shallow seam with thin bed rock is deeply studied by researchers in our country,especially the minging face less than 300 meters and mining height under 5 meters.But less research to over 300 meters of the minging face and more than 5 meters of minging height, with the extension of the mining face and the mining height in Shendong coal area, the study of the mining pressure behavior of shallow coal seam and roof control is more and more important.
This paper takes the 22209 mining face of Halagou Coal Mine (320m) as research object and has made the complete Mine Pressure Observation of the Mining Face. Comparison with the mine pressure behavior law of the 22209 mining face (240m) shows that the extension fully mechanized mining face regularity of first-weighting and periodic-weight of main roof. The study have analyzed the weighting mechanism over working face and method of calculating working resistance by“key strata theory”and“step voussoir theory”,combining with the real working load of working face.It take the rational evidence for support chosen.Finally,the sdudy have investigated the optimization of reasonable working face length,which came up with the evidence for designing appropriate length of working face.
The study to the 2-2 coal seam with lengthening working face (320 meters) of Halagou Coal Mine shows that, the first weighting step distance is 62~77 meters and the average periodic weighting step distance is 9.9~12.9 meters. A small periodic-weighting may exist in a periodic-weighting when the length of working face more than 300 meters. The pressure distribute irregularly and weighting is nonsynchronous. The support resistance is relatively large when weighting, and the mining face pressure is big in the middle and small in two sides. The weighting of the mining face changes periodically and heterogenely, and the suitable working resistance range is 9827~11752kN per shelf. Appropriate length of working face should made overall by rate of advance,economic returns,working resistance and difficulty of roof control. With the length of minging face being oversize, rate of advance slow down and roof caving fully , which can lead to frequent periodic-weighting.Through analyzing the shelf using in the 2-2 coal seam of Halagou Coal Mine,it is found that the present shelf adapt reluctantly to 320 meters ,the length of mining face. The study reach a conclusion that safety and economical efficiency are optimal when the length of working face under 300 meters.
Mining practice shows that the result of study can take technical support for shelf chosen ,length of minging face made,roof control during the extraction under safe minging.
本文以哈拉沟煤矿22209综采工作面(320m)为研究对象,对整个工作面的回采进行完整的矿压观测。对比22201综采工作面(240m)的矿压规律,揭示加长综采工作面老顶初次来压、周期来压、末采3m等压、大小周期来压的全程规律,分析了工作面长短、上覆基岩厚度对周期来压规律的影响。利用关键层理论和“台阶岩梁”理论,结合工作面工作阻力实测,揭示工作面来压机理,确定工作面支架合理的工作阻力,为支架的选型提供了科学依据。最后对工作面的合理长度的优化进行了探讨,为工作面的合理布置提供了参考依据。
研究表明,哈拉沟煤矿2-2埋深煤层320m加长工作面初次来压步距为62~77m,周期来压步距平均为9.9~12.9m,加长综采工作面存在大小周期来压现象来压明显;工作面上、中、下部出现自三条明显的压力中心并向两侧递减的压力分布;支架合理的工作阻力范围应为9827~11752kN/架。合理的确定工作面长度需要从推进速度、经济效益、工作阻力、顶板管理难度等方面去综合考虑。工作面长度过大会造成推进速度慢,使上覆岩层垮落充分,周期来压频繁。哈拉沟矿2-2煤层目前使用的支架可以勉强适应长度为320m的工作面,工作面为300m以内最具有安全和经济性。
实践表明,研究结果为哈拉沟煤矿大采高加长工作面支架阻力确定、工作面长度优化、回采期间的顶板控制等提供了技术保障。
With the development of Shanbei coal area, the shallow seam with thin bed rock is deeply studied by researchers in our country,especially the minging face less than 300 meters and mining height under 5 meters.But less research to over 300 meters of the minging face and more than 5 meters of minging height, with the extension of the mining face and the mining height in Shendong coal area, the study of the mining pressure behavior of shallow coal seam and roof control is more and more important.
This paper takes the 22209 mining face of Halagou Coal Mine (320m) as research object and has made the complete Mine Pressure Observation of the Mining Face. Comparison with the mine pressure behavior law of the 22209 mining face (240m) shows that the extension fully mechanized mining face regularity of first-weighting and periodic-weight of main roof. The study have analyzed the weighting mechanism over working face and method of calculating working resistance by“key strata theory”and“step voussoir theory”,combining with the real working load of working face.It take the rational evidence for support chosen.Finally,the sdudy have investigated the optimization of reasonable working face length,which came up with the evidence for designing appropriate length of working face.
The study to the 2-2 coal seam with lengthening working face (320 meters) of Halagou Coal Mine shows that, the first weighting step distance is 62~77 meters and the average periodic weighting step distance is 9.9~12.9 meters. A small periodic-weighting may exist in a periodic-weighting when the length of working face more than 300 meters. The pressure distribute irregularly and weighting is nonsynchronous. The support resistance is relatively large when weighting, and the mining face pressure is big in the middle and small in two sides. The weighting of the mining face changes periodically and heterogenely, and the suitable working resistance range is 9827~11752kN per shelf. Appropriate length of working face should made overall by rate of advance,economic returns,working resistance and difficulty of roof control. With the length of minging face being oversize, rate of advance slow down and roof caving fully , which can lead to frequent periodic-weighting.Through analyzing the shelf using in the 2-2 coal seam of Halagou Coal Mine,it is found that the present shelf adapt reluctantly to 320 meters ,the length of mining face. The study reach a conclusion that safety and economical efficiency are optimal when the length of working face under 300 meters.
Mining practice shows that the result of study can take technical support for shelf chosen ,length of minging face made,roof control during the extraction under safe minging.
引文
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[4]杨鹏,冯武林.神府东胜矿区浅埋煤层涌水溃沙灾害研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2002 (30):65~69.
[5]黄庆享.浅埋煤层的矿压特征与浅埋煤层定义[J].岩石力学与工程学,2002(8):1174 ~1177.
[6]李刚,梁冰,李风仪.大柳塔煤矿12305工作面覆岩活动规律的相似模拟[J].黑龙江科技学院学报,2005(5):295~298.
[7]黄庆享.浅埋煤层采动厚沙土层破坏规律模拟[J].长安大学学报(自然科学版),2003(4):25~27.
[8]张惠,田银素.薄基岩大采高综采面矿压显现规律[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2004(3):69~71.
[9]张喜武.综采加长工作面技术研究及实践[J].煤炭科学技术,2007 (8):14~17.
[10]周海丰.神东矿区大采高综采工作面过空巷期间的岩层控制研究[J].神华科技,2004 (4):22~25.
[11]刘听成.采场矿山压力讲义.西安,西安矿业学院,1962
[12] L.Holla,M.Buizen.Stata movement due to shallow longwall mining and the effect on ground permeability.Aus IMM Bullefin and Proceedings,Vol.295 No.1 May 1990.
[13] G.J.Shith, M.S.Rosenbaum.Resent underground invetigation of abandoned chalk mine workings beneath Norwich City Norfolk. Engineering geology, Vol.36 No.1~2 Nov 1993.
[14] R.D.Miller, D.W.Steeples, L.Schulte. Shallow seismic reflection study of salt dissolution well field mear Hutchinson KS. Mining Engineering (Littleton Colorado), Vol.45 NO.10 Oct 1993.
[15] H.J.Henson, J.L.Sexton. Preminer study of shallow coal seams using high-resolution seismic reflection methods. Geophysics, Vol.56 No.9 Sep 1991.
[16] Bill Reid. Longwall mining in South Africa. Coal, Vole 99 No.10 Oct 1994. .
[17] R.P.Singh, R.N.Yadav. Subsidence due to coal mining in India. In: Proceedings of the1995 5th International Symposium on land Subsidence. IAHS Publication, No.234, 1995. IAHS, Wallingford, Engl.
[18] Rajendra Singh, T.N.Singh, Bharaf B.Dhar. Coal pillar Loading in shallow conditions. International Jounal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Scienes and Geomechanics Abatracts, 1996, 53(8).
[19]赵宏珠.浅埋采动煤层工作面矿压规律研究[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,1996(2):27~32.
[20]华能精煤公司大柳塔煤矿,西安矿业学院压力研室.大柳塔煤矿C202工作面矿压观测研究报告[J].陕西煤炭技术,1991(3):23~27.
[21]侯忠杰,黄庆享.松散层浅埋薄基岩煤层开采的模拟[J].陕西煤炭技术,1992(2)
[22]侯忠杰.厚沙下煤层覆岩破坏机理探讨[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,1995(1).
[23]张俊云.浅埋采场矿压及覆岩破断规律[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,1998(3):35~37
[24]黄庆享.浅埋薄基岩煤层顶板破断及控制.矿山矿力与顶板管理,1995(3,4):22-25.
[25]石平五,侯忠杰.神府浅埋煤层顶板破断运动规律[J].西安矿业学院学报,1996(3):204~207.
[26]石平五.浅埋煤层矿压显现及岩层控制规律研究报告(煤炭科学基金项目).西安:西安矿业学院,1996.
[27]黄庆享.采场老顶初次来压的结构分析.岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(5):521-526 .
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