基于WSN技术的部队驻防预警监控系统的设计
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摘要
本文是对部队驻防预警监控系统与无线传感器网络技术集成的研究。
本文首先对无线传感器网络(WSN)、部队驻防预警监控系统进行理论研究。然后依据理论研究,针对传统防盗报警系统的缺陷,设计了一套基于无线传感器网络的——部队驻防预警监控系统。然后利用ZigBee构建部队驻防预警监控系统WSN的模型。最后对无线传感器网络部队驻防预警监控应用系统的七个分系统(营区外围分系统、流动布控分系统、营区内部分系统、会议场所分系统、仓库弹药库分系统、车辆人员行进分系统、兵源管理分系统)进行需求分析,并根据需求分析设计基于WSN的部队驻防预警监控系统。
本文设计的部队驻防预警监控系统突破了传统防盗报警系统的不能自我识别和定位的限制,满足低功耗低成本要求,可随时随地布设和撤收,是对部队传统巡逻站岗保卫方式及防盗报警系统功能的全面提升,具有很强的实用性和可行性。
Wireless sensor network is deployed by a large number of intensive monitoring of smart sensor nodes in the region consisting of a network application system. For the large number of sensor nodes deployed and randomly put in the only way, the location of sensor nodes can not pre-determined; through the radio channel connection between the nodes at any moment, using multi-hop, peer to peer communication, those nodes self-organize network topology; sensor node has a strong synergy ability to complete the overall task through local data collection, preprocessing, and data exchange between nodes.
Information technology is driving a new revolution in military affairs. Information warfare requests combat system, " Understanding, speed, accurately shooting," Who take advantage (to obtain control of information) in the information acquisition, transmission, treatment, who will be able to grasp the initiative in war. For its unique advantages, Wireless Sensor Networks accurately and comprehensively meet the real-time access to military information and other demand in many occasions.
ZigBee is a group standard based on the IEEE 802.15.4 wireless approved by the research and development, which relates to networking, security, and application software for technical standards. IEEE handles only low-level MAC layer and physical layer protocols ; ZigBee Alliance to its network layer protocol and API are standardized. The use of ZigBee technology to build the WSN model of early-warning and monitoring for troop garrison, the network is only one network coordinator and have a number of routing nodes.each cluster can be included in a number of terminal equipment which these devices can choose according to their needs RFD, FFD can also be Select .
Monitoring and Early-warning System For Troop Garrison ensure accurate and timely warning against illegal intruders, while allowing staff access to a relevant area, more thoroughly improved by sentinel standing guard patrols and the traditional infrared or inductive alarm system not distinguishing the operation of bearer serious deficiencies. Monitoring and Early-warning System For Troop Garrison realizes continuous security precautions monitoring around the clock and for the safety and secrecy of the military garrison is of great significance. The Design of Monitoring and Early-warning System For Troop Garrison Based on WSN has the following seven sub-systems:
1) Camp peripheral subsystems
During Forcesand field training camp ,the camp is general larger in size. In particular, the division, brigade-level units that are more external perimeter longer. To take the traditional early warning to prevent the establishment of observation towers, set up checkpoints around the camp and infrared sensors that trigger alarms or approach. The first is a waste of strength in this manner, the second is a large gap between the outpost. Distant outpost encounter unexpected situation, information is not timely feedback to their superiors. Especially at night, it is difficult to achieve all-round security. Subsystems in the camp perimeter around the camp set up according to a certain interval of fixed sensor nodes, to achieve full coverage around the camp. Wirelessly connected to the set camp within the Control Center, right outside the camp or camps all personnel officers issued identification card. When the sensor nodes sense that there is identification card out of the camp staff only in the control center background records, but not alarm. If the sensor to a non-insider close to the camp , send fighters to police questioning.
2) mobile dispatched subsystems
At night forces patrolling the traditional post is to patrol inside the camps. To see if it happens, is generally observed with flashlight illumination. In many cases difficult to detect, and the event is particularly dangerous situation is less difficult to dispose of post personnel on patrol. Dereliction of duty and patrol officers will be on the safety of the camp to cause significant risks. Subsystems set up a mobile dispatched to replace the traditional patrol posts, you can set up a mobile patrol car dispatched. mobile sensor nodes are installed in the car. Within the framework of the induction found no identification card for their timely warning to the control center. Control center duty officer sent depending on the circumstances and location of disposal. Officers found identification card is not in the designated areas should also take appropriate measures to deal with.
3) The part of the system within the camps
ID cards are issued to foreign workers. The gate of the army camp and the main trunk road sites and dispatched.If Emplaced detectors at the venue entrance, foreign workers can be effectively managed. If conditions permit, may issue identification cards for all personnel to replace the documents. Can all camp staff (paid foreign workers of foreign personnel identification card, different monitoring points, set different alert levels) can be effective personnel management. Once there do not carry identity cards, or identification card is incorrect then the alarm level. Achieve a 24-hour surveillance throughout the region, effectively improve the management capacity of the camp.
4) The meeting place for sub-systems
Conference have a higher level of confidentiality is imposed in a war when you. Proceed to a man-made waste of time and because of personnel out of the calculation may result in inaccurate, laid the entrance detector of the participants in the Conference issued identification card, identification card holders only persons allowed to enter and effectively prevent others mixed. And staff participating in the meeting when entering HE Jin to leave, whether the absence can be transmitted through the wireless network control center personnel to facilitate the meeting of the statistics, is also conducive to the record in the future inquiries.
5) ammunition depots, storage subsystems
Arms and ammunition is the top in the troop Garrison and priority must be to focus on monitoring. Weapons and ammunition depots are usually someone on duty. Some fixed sensor nodes are installed around the base of weapons and ammunition. Library staff on duty to the arms and ammunition issued a separate confidential level identification card. No identification card or a non-personnel weapons and ammunition depots near the confidentiality of personnel close to the level of identification card, management centers and ammunition depots of arms the same time warning. Need to conduct regular inspections of the on duty personnel to locate identification card and to determine whether the off-site at the management center.
6) a road vehicle sub-systems officer
Out personnel, vehicles have been issued identity cards. Detectors installed at the main entrance of the camp, which can effectively record personnel, vehicles out of time. It improve the efficiency of the management of personnel and vehicles.It can replace the role of staff to go out cards.
7) The manpower resources management sub-system
In the army camp, the military affairs departments, through the various battalions of the fixed sensor nodes in the control room staff in place the management of the Center for the situation room to collect the information and database comparison. It replaces the inspection of beds and inspection of whistles at night. Battalion and company's main official collection of information can be automatically carried out on the set of persons to carry ID.No artificial name, appearance. In particular, more staff time, improve work efficiency. Levy or casualties in a war, and it reduces in size to recover the identification card and be recorded in the database.
Though the rapid development of early-warning and monitoring technology for troop garrison, the transmission distance of wireless terminal node is limited , unable to meet the requirements of early-warning for troop garrison. we establish a network of early-warning and monitoring coordinator with multiple routing nodes in the early-warning and monitoring troop garrison; each routing node is in charge of a monitoring area as part of the terminal nodes with a sub-network and between subnet and subnet which is relatively independent; end-node is installed on the various needs of measurement sensors, responsible for collecting data, through the identifier to determine the membership routing node. Achieving Monitoring and Early-warning for Troop Garrison in the use of the body's thermal infrared sensors, microwave detection technology, combined with wireless sensor network technology.
Peripheral camp subsystems consists of four parts, namely: fixed sensor nodes, communication base stations, control centers, Single soldiers ID card. Mobile dispatched subsystem consists of four parts, namely: mobile sensor nodes, communication base stations, control centers, ID card.
本文首先对无线传感器网络(WSN)、部队驻防预警监控系统进行理论研究。然后依据理论研究,针对传统防盗报警系统的缺陷,设计了一套基于无线传感器网络的——部队驻防预警监控系统。然后利用ZigBee构建部队驻防预警监控系统WSN的模型。最后对无线传感器网络部队驻防预警监控应用系统的七个分系统(营区外围分系统、流动布控分系统、营区内部分系统、会议场所分系统、仓库弹药库分系统、车辆人员行进分系统、兵源管理分系统)进行需求分析,并根据需求分析设计基于WSN的部队驻防预警监控系统。
本文设计的部队驻防预警监控系统突破了传统防盗报警系统的不能自我识别和定位的限制,满足低功耗低成本要求,可随时随地布设和撤收,是对部队传统巡逻站岗保卫方式及防盗报警系统功能的全面提升,具有很强的实用性和可行性。
Wireless sensor network is deployed by a large number of intensive monitoring of smart sensor nodes in the region consisting of a network application system. For the large number of sensor nodes deployed and randomly put in the only way, the location of sensor nodes can not pre-determined; through the radio channel connection between the nodes at any moment, using multi-hop, peer to peer communication, those nodes self-organize network topology; sensor node has a strong synergy ability to complete the overall task through local data collection, preprocessing, and data exchange between nodes.
Information technology is driving a new revolution in military affairs. Information warfare requests combat system, " Understanding, speed, accurately shooting," Who take advantage (to obtain control of information) in the information acquisition, transmission, treatment, who will be able to grasp the initiative in war. For its unique advantages, Wireless Sensor Networks accurately and comprehensively meet the real-time access to military information and other demand in many occasions.
ZigBee is a group standard based on the IEEE 802.15.4 wireless approved by the research and development, which relates to networking, security, and application software for technical standards. IEEE handles only low-level MAC layer and physical layer protocols ; ZigBee Alliance to its network layer protocol and API are standardized. The use of ZigBee technology to build the WSN model of early-warning and monitoring for troop garrison, the network is only one network coordinator and have a number of routing nodes.each cluster can be included in a number of terminal equipment which these devices can choose according to their needs RFD, FFD can also be Select .
Monitoring and Early-warning System For Troop Garrison ensure accurate and timely warning against illegal intruders, while allowing staff access to a relevant area, more thoroughly improved by sentinel standing guard patrols and the traditional infrared or inductive alarm system not distinguishing the operation of bearer serious deficiencies. Monitoring and Early-warning System For Troop Garrison realizes continuous security precautions monitoring around the clock and for the safety and secrecy of the military garrison is of great significance. The Design of Monitoring and Early-warning System For Troop Garrison Based on WSN has the following seven sub-systems:
1) Camp peripheral subsystems
During Forcesand field training camp ,the camp is general larger in size. In particular, the division, brigade-level units that are more external perimeter longer. To take the traditional early warning to prevent the establishment of observation towers, set up checkpoints around the camp and infrared sensors that trigger alarms or approach. The first is a waste of strength in this manner, the second is a large gap between the outpost. Distant outpost encounter unexpected situation, information is not timely feedback to their superiors. Especially at night, it is difficult to achieve all-round security. Subsystems in the camp perimeter around the camp set up according to a certain interval of fixed sensor nodes, to achieve full coverage around the camp. Wirelessly connected to the set camp within the Control Center, right outside the camp or camps all personnel officers issued identification card. When the sensor nodes sense that there is identification card out of the camp staff only in the control center background records, but not alarm. If the sensor to a non-insider close to the camp , send fighters to police questioning.
2) mobile dispatched subsystems
At night forces patrolling the traditional post is to patrol inside the camps. To see if it happens, is generally observed with flashlight illumination. In many cases difficult to detect, and the event is particularly dangerous situation is less difficult to dispose of post personnel on patrol. Dereliction of duty and patrol officers will be on the safety of the camp to cause significant risks. Subsystems set up a mobile dispatched to replace the traditional patrol posts, you can set up a mobile patrol car dispatched. mobile sensor nodes are installed in the car. Within the framework of the induction found no identification card for their timely warning to the control center. Control center duty officer sent depending on the circumstances and location of disposal. Officers found identification card is not in the designated areas should also take appropriate measures to deal with.
3) The part of the system within the camps
ID cards are issued to foreign workers. The gate of the army camp and the main trunk road sites and dispatched.If Emplaced detectors at the venue entrance, foreign workers can be effectively managed. If conditions permit, may issue identification cards for all personnel to replace the documents. Can all camp staff (paid foreign workers of foreign personnel identification card, different monitoring points, set different alert levels) can be effective personnel management. Once there do not carry identity cards, or identification card is incorrect then the alarm level. Achieve a 24-hour surveillance throughout the region, effectively improve the management capacity of the camp.
4) The meeting place for sub-systems
Conference have a higher level of confidentiality is imposed in a war when you. Proceed to a man-made waste of time and because of personnel out of the calculation may result in inaccurate, laid the entrance detector of the participants in the Conference issued identification card, identification card holders only persons allowed to enter and effectively prevent others mixed. And staff participating in the meeting when entering HE Jin to leave, whether the absence can be transmitted through the wireless network control center personnel to facilitate the meeting of the statistics, is also conducive to the record in the future inquiries.
5) ammunition depots, storage subsystems
Arms and ammunition is the top in the troop Garrison and priority must be to focus on monitoring. Weapons and ammunition depots are usually someone on duty. Some fixed sensor nodes are installed around the base of weapons and ammunition. Library staff on duty to the arms and ammunition issued a separate confidential level identification card. No identification card or a non-personnel weapons and ammunition depots near the confidentiality of personnel close to the level of identification card, management centers and ammunition depots of arms the same time warning. Need to conduct regular inspections of the on duty personnel to locate identification card and to determine whether the off-site at the management center.
6) a road vehicle sub-systems officer
Out personnel, vehicles have been issued identity cards. Detectors installed at the main entrance of the camp, which can effectively record personnel, vehicles out of time. It improve the efficiency of the management of personnel and vehicles.It can replace the role of staff to go out cards.
7) The manpower resources management sub-system
In the army camp, the military affairs departments, through the various battalions of the fixed sensor nodes in the control room staff in place the management of the Center for the situation room to collect the information and database comparison. It replaces the inspection of beds and inspection of whistles at night. Battalion and company's main official collection of information can be automatically carried out on the set of persons to carry ID.No artificial name, appearance. In particular, more staff time, improve work efficiency. Levy or casualties in a war, and it reduces in size to recover the identification card and be recorded in the database.
Though the rapid development of early-warning and monitoring technology for troop garrison, the transmission distance of wireless terminal node is limited , unable to meet the requirements of early-warning for troop garrison. we establish a network of early-warning and monitoring coordinator with multiple routing nodes in the early-warning and monitoring troop garrison; each routing node is in charge of a monitoring area as part of the terminal nodes with a sub-network and between subnet and subnet which is relatively independent; end-node is installed on the various needs of measurement sensors, responsible for collecting data, through the identifier to determine the membership routing node. Achieving Monitoring and Early-warning for Troop Garrison in the use of the body's thermal infrared sensors, microwave detection technology, combined with wireless sensor network technology.
Peripheral camp subsystems consists of four parts, namely: fixed sensor nodes, communication base stations, control centers, Single soldiers ID card. Mobile dispatched subsystem consists of four parts, namely: mobile sensor nodes, communication base stations, control centers, ID card.
引文
[1]王殊,阎毓杰,胡富平,屈晓旭.无线传感器网络的理论及应用[M].北京航空航天大学, 2007:24-36.
[2]崔莉,鞠海玲,苗勇,李天璞,刘巍,赵泽,无线传感器网络研究进展[J].计算机研究与发展,2005, 42(1):163-174.
[3] Noury N, Herve T, Rialle V, Virone G, Mercier E. Monitoring behavior in home using a smart fall sensor, Proceedings of theIEEE-EMBS Special Topic Conference on icrotechnologies in Medicine and Biology, Lyon: IEEE Computer Society, 2000:607-610.
[4] JIN Shyan Lee, YANG- Chih Huang.ITRI ZBnode:A Zigbee/IEEE 802.15.4 platform for wireless sensor networks.2006 IEEE Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics. 2006.
[5] Shih E, Cho S, Ickes N, Min R, Sinha A, Wang A, Chandrakasan A. Physical layer driven protocol and algorithm design forenergy-efficient wireless sensor networks, Proceedings of the ACM MobiCom 2001, Rome: ACM Press, 2001:272-286.
[6] HEINZELMAN W, CHANDRAKASAN A, BALAKRISHNAN.H. Energy efficient communication protocol for wireless. microsensor networks.In: Proceedings of the 33rd Hawaii.International Conference on System Sciences.Maui: IEEE. Computer Society. 2000.
[7] Akyildiz IF, Su W, Sankarasubramaniam Y, and Cayirci E. A survey on sensor networks. IEEE Communications Magazine, 2002, 40(8): 102-114
[8] Li J, Mohapatra P. An analytical model for the energy hole problem in many-to-one sensor networks//Proceedings of IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, Dallas, TX, 2005:2721-2725
[9] Lian J, Chen L, Naik K, Otzu T, Agnew G. Modeling and enhancing the data capacity of wireless sensor networks//Phoha S, La Porta T F, and Griffin C. IEEE Monograph on Sensor Network Operations, IEEE Press, 2004.
[10] Olariu S, Stojmenovic I. Design guidelines for maximizing lifetime and avoiding energy holes in sensor networks with uniform distribution and uniform reporting//Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM, Barcelona, Spain, 2006:1-12
[11] Lian J, Naik K, and Agnew G. Data capacity improvement of wireless sensor networksusing non-uniform sensor distribution. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 2006, 2(2):121-145
[12] Olariu S and Stojmenovic I. Data-centric protocols for wireless sensor networks//Stojmenovic I. Handbook of Sensor Networks: Algorithms and Architectures, Wiley, 2005: 417-456
[13] Wu X B, Chen G H, and Das S K. On the energy hole problem of nonuniform node distribution in wireless sensor networks//Proceedings of the 3nd IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad hoc and Sensor Systems (MASS), Vancouver, Canada, 2006:180-187
[14] Perillo M, Cheng Z and Heinzelman W. On the problem of unbalanced load distribution in wireless sensor networks//Proceedings of IEEE GLOBECOM Workshops on Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks, Dallas, TX, 2004:74-79
[15] Heinzelman W, Chandrakasan A, and Balakrishnan H. An application-specific protocol architecture for wireless microsensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2002, 1(4): 660-670
[16] Younis O and Fahmy S. HEED: A hybrid, energy-efficient, distributed clustering approach for ad hoc sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 2004, 3(4): 660-669
[17] Soro S and Heinzelman W. Prolonging the lifetime of wireless sensor networks via unequal clustering//Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Algorithm for Wireless, Mobile, Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks, Denver, CO, 2005
[18] Ye M, Li C F, Chen G H and Wu J. An energy efficient clustering scheme in wireless sensor networks. International Journal of Ad Hoc & Sensor Wireless Networks, 2007, 3(2): 99-119
[19] Li C F, Ye M, Chen G H and Wu J. An energy-efficient unequal clustering mechanism for wireless sensor networks//Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad hoc and Sensor Systems (MASS), Washington, DC, 2005
[20] Wang W, Srinivasan V, Chua K. Using mobile relays to prolong the lifetime of wireless sensor networks//Proceedings of ACM MobiCom, Cologne, Germany, 2005:270-283
[21] Luo J and Hubaux J P. Joint mobility and routing for lifetime elongation in wireless sensor networks//Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM, Seattle, WA, 2005: 819- 830
[22] Hewish M.Little Brother si Watching you:Wnattended Ground Sensors[J]. Defense Review, 2001, 34(6):46-52.
[23] ROOD H J.Logic and structured design for computer programmers[M]. 3rd ed.[S.1.]:Brooks/Cole-Thomson Learning, 2001.
[24] Weiser M.Some Computer Science Issues in Ubiquitous Computing[J]. Communications of the ACM, 1993, 36:75-85.
[25]唐勇,周明天,张欣,无线传感器网络路由协议研究进展[J].软件学报, 2006, 3,17(3):410?421.
[26]刘福铭. RFID与无线传感器网络集成技术研究与开发[D].上海交通大学. 2007.
[27]钟子果.远距离射频识别技术的研究[D].东南大学. 2005.
[28]徐永军,安竹林,蒋文丰,姜鹏等无线传感器网络实验教程[M].北京理工大学出版社, 2007.
[29]孙利民,李建中,陈渝,等.无线传感器网络[M].北京清华大学出版社, 2005.
[30]赵妍,岳炳良,高大伟. ZigBee无线解决方案网络层研究[J].计算机测量与控制, 2007, 20(2):23-27.
[31]柳婵娟,张征,蕾鹏.基于ZigBee的无线传感器网络及应用[J].计算机技术与应用, 2008, 33(5):13-17.
[2]崔莉,鞠海玲,苗勇,李天璞,刘巍,赵泽,无线传感器网络研究进展[J].计算机研究与发展,2005, 42(1):163-174.
[3] Noury N, Herve T, Rialle V, Virone G, Mercier E. Monitoring behavior in home using a smart fall sensor, Proceedings of theIEEE-EMBS Special Topic Conference on icrotechnologies in Medicine and Biology, Lyon: IEEE Computer Society, 2000:607-610.
[4] JIN Shyan Lee, YANG- Chih Huang.ITRI ZBnode:A Zigbee/IEEE 802.15.4 platform for wireless sensor networks.2006 IEEE Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics. 2006.
[5] Shih E, Cho S, Ickes N, Min R, Sinha A, Wang A, Chandrakasan A. Physical layer driven protocol and algorithm design forenergy-efficient wireless sensor networks, Proceedings of the ACM MobiCom 2001, Rome: ACM Press, 2001:272-286.
[6] HEINZELMAN W, CHANDRAKASAN A, BALAKRISHNAN.H. Energy efficient communication protocol for wireless. microsensor networks.In: Proceedings of the 33rd Hawaii.International Conference on System Sciences.Maui: IEEE. Computer Society. 2000.
[7] Akyildiz IF, Su W, Sankarasubramaniam Y, and Cayirci E. A survey on sensor networks. IEEE Communications Magazine, 2002, 40(8): 102-114
[8] Li J, Mohapatra P. An analytical model for the energy hole problem in many-to-one sensor networks//Proceedings of IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, Dallas, TX, 2005:2721-2725
[9] Lian J, Chen L, Naik K, Otzu T, Agnew G. Modeling and enhancing the data capacity of wireless sensor networks//Phoha S, La Porta T F, and Griffin C. IEEE Monograph on Sensor Network Operations, IEEE Press, 2004.
[10] Olariu S, Stojmenovic I. Design guidelines for maximizing lifetime and avoiding energy holes in sensor networks with uniform distribution and uniform reporting//Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM, Barcelona, Spain, 2006:1-12
[11] Lian J, Naik K, and Agnew G. Data capacity improvement of wireless sensor networksusing non-uniform sensor distribution. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 2006, 2(2):121-145
[12] Olariu S and Stojmenovic I. Data-centric protocols for wireless sensor networks//Stojmenovic I. Handbook of Sensor Networks: Algorithms and Architectures, Wiley, 2005: 417-456
[13] Wu X B, Chen G H, and Das S K. On the energy hole problem of nonuniform node distribution in wireless sensor networks//Proceedings of the 3nd IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad hoc and Sensor Systems (MASS), Vancouver, Canada, 2006:180-187
[14] Perillo M, Cheng Z and Heinzelman W. On the problem of unbalanced load distribution in wireless sensor networks//Proceedings of IEEE GLOBECOM Workshops on Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks, Dallas, TX, 2004:74-79
[15] Heinzelman W, Chandrakasan A, and Balakrishnan H. An application-specific protocol architecture for wireless microsensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2002, 1(4): 660-670
[16] Younis O and Fahmy S. HEED: A hybrid, energy-efficient, distributed clustering approach for ad hoc sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 2004, 3(4): 660-669
[17] Soro S and Heinzelman W. Prolonging the lifetime of wireless sensor networks via unequal clustering//Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Algorithm for Wireless, Mobile, Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks, Denver, CO, 2005
[18] Ye M, Li C F, Chen G H and Wu J. An energy efficient clustering scheme in wireless sensor networks. International Journal of Ad Hoc & Sensor Wireless Networks, 2007, 3(2): 99-119
[19] Li C F, Ye M, Chen G H and Wu J. An energy-efficient unequal clustering mechanism for wireless sensor networks//Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad hoc and Sensor Systems (MASS), Washington, DC, 2005
[20] Wang W, Srinivasan V, Chua K. Using mobile relays to prolong the lifetime of wireless sensor networks//Proceedings of ACM MobiCom, Cologne, Germany, 2005:270-283
[21] Luo J and Hubaux J P. Joint mobility and routing for lifetime elongation in wireless sensor networks//Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM, Seattle, WA, 2005: 819- 830
[22] Hewish M.Little Brother si Watching you:Wnattended Ground Sensors[J]. Defense Review, 2001, 34(6):46-52.
[23] ROOD H J.Logic and structured design for computer programmers[M]. 3rd ed.[S.1.]:Brooks/Cole-Thomson Learning, 2001.
[24] Weiser M.Some Computer Science Issues in Ubiquitous Computing[J]. Communications of the ACM, 1993, 36:75-85.
[25]唐勇,周明天,张欣,无线传感器网络路由协议研究进展[J].软件学报, 2006, 3,17(3):410?421.
[26]刘福铭. RFID与无线传感器网络集成技术研究与开发[D].上海交通大学. 2007.
[27]钟子果.远距离射频识别技术的研究[D].东南大学. 2005.
[28]徐永军,安竹林,蒋文丰,姜鹏等无线传感器网络实验教程[M].北京理工大学出版社, 2007.
[29]孙利民,李建中,陈渝,等.无线传感器网络[M].北京清华大学出版社, 2005.
[30]赵妍,岳炳良,高大伟. ZigBee无线解决方案网络层研究[J].计算机测量与控制, 2007, 20(2):23-27.
[31]柳婵娟,张征,蕾鹏.基于ZigBee的无线传感器网络及应用[J].计算机技术与应用, 2008, 33(5):13-17.