甲醇汽油及其应用性能研究
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摘要
发展替代能源是缓解当前能源压力的一种主要途径。甲醇来源丰富,通过与汽油混合形成甲醇汽油,可以作为汽车的一种重要替代燃料。研究开发甲醇汽油作为汽车代用燃料具有现实意义。
论文通过对甲醇汽油复合添加剂进行筛选与评价,并通过实验筛选出了解决甲醇汽油稳定性的复合添加剂。利用该配方所得的变性甲醇,可与任意比的汽油进行混合,制得稳定的甲醇汽油。用静置法、粒径分析法、离心法和温度法考察了甲醇汽油的稳定性;验证了添加剂对改善甲醇汽油的冷启动性能作用;通过蒸馏试验确定了降低甲醇汽油的气阻问题;参照硫化橡胶耐液体试验标准方法研究了甲醇汽油对橡胶的溶胀性等。通过台架实验研究了甲醇汽油的功率和油耗率以及排放特性,并进行了行车试验。所配制的甲醇汽油经中国人名解放军后勤工程检测中心检测,技术指标完全符合车用汽油国家标准。
实验结果表明,添加了复合添加剂的甲醇汽油的稳定性至少三个月以上,其中水的分散粒径为0.05um,经8000r/min离心分离仍保持透明,在-20℃到65℃之间不发生分层。室温较低时,其冷启动性能良好。甲醇汽油的10%馏出温度为63.8℃,产生气阻的倾向较小。对橡胶的溶胀性和汽油相比稍高,而其铜片腐蚀结果为1b。在发动机不作改动的情况下,甲醇汽油M30和M50的功率和油耗率与93#国标汽油基本一致。在排放对比试验中,中高转速时,甲醇汽油的HC排放比93#国标汽油降低10-30%,CO排放比93#国标汽油低0.7%。行车试验的结果如下:在电喷汽车上的油耗比93#国标汽油要高5%左右,其他动力性能相当;摩托车油耗高10%。
本文对甲醇汽油的配方和应用进行了较为全面的分析研究,为在电喷车上应用甲醇汽油,充分发挥甲醇汽油的优点,奠定了基础;对指导甲醇汽油的推广,合理有效地利用能源资源,缓解石油资源和改善大气环境,具有一定的现实意义。
Developing alternative fuel is a very good method of resolving energy supply. Because of the rich source, methanol can be put into gasoline, which is named methanol-gasoline. In some alternative energy sources, methanol-gasoline has a good evolution future. It has great practical importance on the study and supplication of the methanol-gasoline.
An evaluation is chosen to the methanol-gasoline complex additive, investigate completely on the stability of the methanol-gasoline. Through experiment the complex additive is determined to the methanol-gasoline to solve the stability problem. The degeneration of methanol by using the additive can be mixed with gasoline in arbitrary ratio, forming a stable system of methanol-gasoline. Through the static methods, the particle size analysis, centrifugation and temperature methods, the comprehensive study of the stability of methanol gasoline has been done. The additive to improve the cold start performance is been verified. Distillation test is been determined to lower methanol-gasoline resistance. Rubber swelling properties of methanol-gasoline have been studied by vulcanized rubber resistance test standard method of liquid and so on. The methanol-gasoline power and fuel consumption rate and emission characteristics have been studied also by Bench and a road test. The Methanol-gasoline’technical indicators tested by the Logistic Engineering Testing Center of PLA are in full compliance with the national standard of gasoline vehicles.
The result of tests show that ,the stable time of methanol-gasoline is above three months, and in which the water's particle size is of 0.05um.Methanol-gasoline remains transparent by the 8000 r/min centrifugal separation and doesn't stratify between -20℃to 65℃. When temperature is lower, the cold start performance is also good. The 10% distillate temperature of methanol-gasoline is 63.8℃, so the tendency to produce gas resistance is smaller .Swelling of the rubber compared to gasoline is slightly higher, and its results for a copper corrosion is 1b.The dais experiment shows that the power and fuel consumptions ratio of M30 and M50 are basically same with gasoline. In contrast emissions test, HC emissions of methanol gasoline in the high speed are lower 10-30% than 93# gasoline. CO emissions are lower 0.7 percent than 93# gasoline. Road Test results are as follows: In the EFI vehicle fuel consumption is more 5% higher than 93 # gasoline, and other dynamic performance is consistent; in motorcycle fuel consumption is more 10% higher.
The applications of methanol-gasoline blends in EFI engine and the engine performances are studied in several aspects in the thesis, which are operative technology to relieve the oil crisis and reduce environmental pollution.
论文通过对甲醇汽油复合添加剂进行筛选与评价,并通过实验筛选出了解决甲醇汽油稳定性的复合添加剂。利用该配方所得的变性甲醇,可与任意比的汽油进行混合,制得稳定的甲醇汽油。用静置法、粒径分析法、离心法和温度法考察了甲醇汽油的稳定性;验证了添加剂对改善甲醇汽油的冷启动性能作用;通过蒸馏试验确定了降低甲醇汽油的气阻问题;参照硫化橡胶耐液体试验标准方法研究了甲醇汽油对橡胶的溶胀性等。通过台架实验研究了甲醇汽油的功率和油耗率以及排放特性,并进行了行车试验。所配制的甲醇汽油经中国人名解放军后勤工程检测中心检测,技术指标完全符合车用汽油国家标准。
实验结果表明,添加了复合添加剂的甲醇汽油的稳定性至少三个月以上,其中水的分散粒径为0.05um,经8000r/min离心分离仍保持透明,在-20℃到65℃之间不发生分层。室温较低时,其冷启动性能良好。甲醇汽油的10%馏出温度为63.8℃,产生气阻的倾向较小。对橡胶的溶胀性和汽油相比稍高,而其铜片腐蚀结果为1b。在发动机不作改动的情况下,甲醇汽油M30和M50的功率和油耗率与93#国标汽油基本一致。在排放对比试验中,中高转速时,甲醇汽油的HC排放比93#国标汽油降低10-30%,CO排放比93#国标汽油低0.7%。行车试验的结果如下:在电喷汽车上的油耗比93#国标汽油要高5%左右,其他动力性能相当;摩托车油耗高10%。
本文对甲醇汽油的配方和应用进行了较为全面的分析研究,为在电喷车上应用甲醇汽油,充分发挥甲醇汽油的优点,奠定了基础;对指导甲醇汽油的推广,合理有效地利用能源资源,缓解石油资源和改善大气环境,具有一定的现实意义。
Developing alternative fuel is a very good method of resolving energy supply. Because of the rich source, methanol can be put into gasoline, which is named methanol-gasoline. In some alternative energy sources, methanol-gasoline has a good evolution future. It has great practical importance on the study and supplication of the methanol-gasoline.
An evaluation is chosen to the methanol-gasoline complex additive, investigate completely on the stability of the methanol-gasoline. Through experiment the complex additive is determined to the methanol-gasoline to solve the stability problem. The degeneration of methanol by using the additive can be mixed with gasoline in arbitrary ratio, forming a stable system of methanol-gasoline. Through the static methods, the particle size analysis, centrifugation and temperature methods, the comprehensive study of the stability of methanol gasoline has been done. The additive to improve the cold start performance is been verified. Distillation test is been determined to lower methanol-gasoline resistance. Rubber swelling properties of methanol-gasoline have been studied by vulcanized rubber resistance test standard method of liquid and so on. The methanol-gasoline power and fuel consumption rate and emission characteristics have been studied also by Bench and a road test. The Methanol-gasoline’technical indicators tested by the Logistic Engineering Testing Center of PLA are in full compliance with the national standard of gasoline vehicles.
The result of tests show that ,the stable time of methanol-gasoline is above three months, and in which the water's particle size is of 0.05um.Methanol-gasoline remains transparent by the 8000 r/min centrifugal separation and doesn't stratify between -20℃to 65℃. When temperature is lower, the cold start performance is also good. The 10% distillate temperature of methanol-gasoline is 63.8℃, so the tendency to produce gas resistance is smaller .Swelling of the rubber compared to gasoline is slightly higher, and its results for a copper corrosion is 1b.The dais experiment shows that the power and fuel consumptions ratio of M30 and M50 are basically same with gasoline. In contrast emissions test, HC emissions of methanol gasoline in the high speed are lower 10-30% than 93# gasoline. CO emissions are lower 0.7 percent than 93# gasoline. Road Test results are as follows: In the EFI vehicle fuel consumption is more 5% higher than 93 # gasoline, and other dynamic performance is consistent; in motorcycle fuel consumption is more 10% higher.
The applications of methanol-gasoline blends in EFI engine and the engine performances are studied in several aspects in the thesis, which are operative technology to relieve the oil crisis and reduce environmental pollution.
引文
[1]徐晓玲.车用清洁燃料的发展趋势[J].能源工程, 2001,(3):17-20.
[2]谢钢礼.醇基燃料与甲醇汽油应用之探讨[J].广西轻工业, 2002, (03): 13-17.
[3]谢克昌.甲醇及其衍生物[M].化学工业出版社, 2002.
[4]徐辉.有关甲醇汽油的特性分析和应用[J].石油化工应用, 2007(1):10-11.
[5]杨静,发动机掺烧甲醇初探[J].济南交通高等专科学报, 1996, 4 (1): 18-24.
[6]邓致礼.车用汽油[M].北京:烃加工出版社, 1985. 31-166.
[7] Farhad Nadim, Peter Zack, George E.Hoag, etc. United States experience with gasoline additives. Energy Policy, 29(2001)115.
[8] Kaonao, M.Gaosoline plax Methyl Alcohol plux Ammonia[P]. U.S.:4.116.724.
[9]梁玮.甲醇汽油的研究开发及应用现状[J].中外能源, 2006,11:95.
[10]乔映宾.甲醇汽油有关问题的探讨[J].当代石油石化, 2003 ,11(6):6-7.
[11]田恒水,王贺玲,朱云峰等.甲醇车用燃料的进展[J].小氮肥, 2003,12.
[12]吴域琦,李红宁.中国甲醇燃料应用状况及前景[J].化工管理, 2004.01:26-27.
[13]潘奎润.甲醇燃料汽车的发展和评价[J].中国工程热物理学会代用燃料技术分会,编号:995022.
[14]高俊华,崔正来,高海洋.轿车燃用汽油醇类混合燃料的试验研究[J].汽车工程, 2006 (Vol. 28)No. 6:534-538.
[15] Furey Robert L, Perry Kevin L. Vapor Pressures of Mixtures of Gasoline and Gasoline-Alcohol Blends[C]. SAE Paper 861557.
[16]袁凤英.甲醇-柴油微乳燃料工艺研究[J].华北工学院学报, 2004, 25(2):125-127.
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[18]谢淑兰,周良筑. M75甲醇汽油可溶性研究[J].贵州科学,1992, 10(1): 67-72.
[19]申志兵,曹祖宾,赵金花等.甲醇汽油使用性能的测试分析及综合评价[J]. 2006(11):49-51.
[20]蔺恩惠,李兴福.掺水汽油微乳状液的加溶和相平衡[J].西北师范大学学报(自然科学版),1990, (4): 46-49.
[21]李兴福,蔺恩惠.掺水汽油微乳状液的生成和应用[J].西北师范大学学报(自然科学版),1994, (1): 51-57.
[22]奚强,李传厂,徐福亮等.甲醇汽油相稳定剂的研究[J].化工时刊, 2007(8)10-12.
[23]罗陶涛,杨林,杨世光等.基础汽油对甲醇汽油气阻影响[J].化工时刊, 2005(4)3-4.
[24]杨建军,黄海波,曾东建等.低比例甲醇汽油蒸发性研究[J].内燃机与动力装置,2007(4):40-43.
[25]张基明,庞秀艳.橡胶在甲醇汽油混合燃料中溶胀程度的研究[J].橡胶工业,1992.Vol39:542-546.
[26]赵来甫,张欣.甲醇燃料金属腐蚀抑制剂[J].石油炼制与化工, 1994(11):42.
[27] GB 17930-2006.车用汽油[s]. 2006.
[28]朱清江,司利增.车用甲醇汽油燃料性能研究[A].第四届北京国际清洁汽车技术研讨暨展览会论文集, 2005(11), 354-357.
[29]耿南平,万勇.甲醇与汽油混合燃料在发动机上的应用[J].石油机械, 1997, 25(9): 43-44.
[30]华洪基.甲醇汽油的研制与应用. [D]. 2003, 5.
[31]黄佐华,苗海燕,周龙保等.汽油机燃用汽油-含氧化合物混合燃料时的燃烧特性研究[J].《西安交通大学学报》, 1999.9.
[32]许伯彦,罗远荣,蔡少娌.车用汽油机燃用高浓度甲醇燃料的试验研究[J].小型内燃机,1994,23(4):7-11.
[33]胡真,郑国璋. M85甲醇和汽油双燃料车用发动机的试验研究[J].内燃机工程, 2000,(01): 36-40.
[34]刘永启,王延遐,罗远荣.柴油-甲醇-水复合乳化燃料的试验研究[J].山东内燃机, 2001,(3): 14-18.
[35]黄佐华,苗海燕,周龙保等.火花点火发动机燃用含氧燃料对冷启动和怠速时未燃碳氢排放影响的试验研究[J].《小型内燃机》, 1998(5).
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[41] C. H.Schleyer and W.J.Koehl Comparison of Gasoline and Methanol Vehicle Emissions Using VOC Reactivity SAE Paper No.902095.
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[43]童勇,余汉文,李海风等.低比例甲醇汽油对发动机性能影响的试验研究[J].西华大学学报(自然科学版), 2004,23(3):4-7.
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[45] Methanol/gasoline blends and emissions: Part1. Automotive Engineering, 1992,100(5):17-19.
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[47] Baljit Dhaliwal, Ning Yi and David Checkei. Emissions Effects of Alternative Fuels in Light-Duty and Heavy-Duty Vehicles SAE Paper No.2000(01) 0692.
[48]高国珍,王育辉,陈光敏.醇类燃料理化性质对汽油机性能及排放的影响[J].江西能源, 2004 (3) :8-20.
[2]谢钢礼.醇基燃料与甲醇汽油应用之探讨[J].广西轻工业, 2002, (03): 13-17.
[3]谢克昌.甲醇及其衍生物[M].化学工业出版社, 2002.
[4]徐辉.有关甲醇汽油的特性分析和应用[J].石油化工应用, 2007(1):10-11.
[5]杨静,发动机掺烧甲醇初探[J].济南交通高等专科学报, 1996, 4 (1): 18-24.
[6]邓致礼.车用汽油[M].北京:烃加工出版社, 1985. 31-166.
[7] Farhad Nadim, Peter Zack, George E.Hoag, etc. United States experience with gasoline additives. Energy Policy, 29(2001)115.
[8] Kaonao, M.Gaosoline plax Methyl Alcohol plux Ammonia[P]. U.S.:4.116.724.
[9]梁玮.甲醇汽油的研究开发及应用现状[J].中外能源, 2006,11:95.
[10]乔映宾.甲醇汽油有关问题的探讨[J].当代石油石化, 2003 ,11(6):6-7.
[11]田恒水,王贺玲,朱云峰等.甲醇车用燃料的进展[J].小氮肥, 2003,12.
[12]吴域琦,李红宁.中国甲醇燃料应用状况及前景[J].化工管理, 2004.01:26-27.
[13]潘奎润.甲醇燃料汽车的发展和评价[J].中国工程热物理学会代用燃料技术分会,编号:995022.
[14]高俊华,崔正来,高海洋.轿车燃用汽油醇类混合燃料的试验研究[J].汽车工程, 2006 (Vol. 28)No. 6:534-538.
[15] Furey Robert L, Perry Kevin L. Vapor Pressures of Mixtures of Gasoline and Gasoline-Alcohol Blends[C]. SAE Paper 861557.
[16]袁凤英.甲醇-柴油微乳燃料工艺研究[J].华北工学院学报, 2004, 25(2):125-127.
[17]李守建.高比例甲醇汽油的研究[J].贵州科学, 1993, (4): 63-69.
[18]谢淑兰,周良筑. M75甲醇汽油可溶性研究[J].贵州科学,1992, 10(1): 67-72.
[19]申志兵,曹祖宾,赵金花等.甲醇汽油使用性能的测试分析及综合评价[J]. 2006(11):49-51.
[20]蔺恩惠,李兴福.掺水汽油微乳状液的加溶和相平衡[J].西北师范大学学报(自然科学版),1990, (4): 46-49.
[21]李兴福,蔺恩惠.掺水汽油微乳状液的生成和应用[J].西北师范大学学报(自然科学版),1994, (1): 51-57.
[22]奚强,李传厂,徐福亮等.甲醇汽油相稳定剂的研究[J].化工时刊, 2007(8)10-12.
[23]罗陶涛,杨林,杨世光等.基础汽油对甲醇汽油气阻影响[J].化工时刊, 2005(4)3-4.
[24]杨建军,黄海波,曾东建等.低比例甲醇汽油蒸发性研究[J].内燃机与动力装置,2007(4):40-43.
[25]张基明,庞秀艳.橡胶在甲醇汽油混合燃料中溶胀程度的研究[J].橡胶工业,1992.Vol39:542-546.
[26]赵来甫,张欣.甲醇燃料金属腐蚀抑制剂[J].石油炼制与化工, 1994(11):42.
[27] GB 17930-2006.车用汽油[s]. 2006.
[28]朱清江,司利增.车用甲醇汽油燃料性能研究[A].第四届北京国际清洁汽车技术研讨暨展览会论文集, 2005(11), 354-357.
[29]耿南平,万勇.甲醇与汽油混合燃料在发动机上的应用[J].石油机械, 1997, 25(9): 43-44.
[30]华洪基.甲醇汽油的研制与应用. [D]. 2003, 5.
[31]黄佐华,苗海燕,周龙保等.汽油机燃用汽油-含氧化合物混合燃料时的燃烧特性研究[J].《西安交通大学学报》, 1999.9.
[32]许伯彦,罗远荣,蔡少娌.车用汽油机燃用高浓度甲醇燃料的试验研究[J].小型内燃机,1994,23(4):7-11.
[33]胡真,郑国璋. M85甲醇和汽油双燃料车用发动机的试验研究[J].内燃机工程, 2000,(01): 36-40.
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