基于空间句法的城市商业区位研究
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摘要
随着我国城市化进程的不断加快,深入研究城市空间结构进而了解并利用其自身发展规律为城市规划建设服务,已是迫在眉睫。空间句法理论因其对空间主体性的强调和对空间拓扑结构的量化表达优势,而逐渐成为当前城市研究中不可或缺的模型构建手段之一。本文正是在空间句法轴线模型基础上,探讨了利用分层线性模型解决可塑性面积单元问题,从而对城市商业区位进行不同空间尺度句法解析的可行性,并以山东省济南市为例进行了城市商业区位的空间模型构建和预测应用,为今后进一步量化讨论城市空间结构与功能关系提供了有益参考。
在具体研究中,本文以济南市控制性详细规划为基础,将山东省济南市划分为总体层次和个体层次两个空间结构研究尺度,并分别建立2011年和2020年济南两个层次的轴线模型,计算出各模型中轴线的连接度、控制值、全局整合度和局部整合度以代表其空间特性。然后,将2011年济南个体层次尺度下各商业地块的商业强度采用商业机能度进行量化,利用一般线性模型和分层线性模型分别进行商业强度和各空间句法参数值的回归对比分析,确定不同空间尺度下句法参数对商业区位的影响,并使用所建立的分层线性回归模型进行2020年商业区位预测,同时对济南市控制性详细规划进行评估。研究结果表明,不同尺度空间结构下的句法参数对于济南商业区位选择的影响是不同的：在片区尺度下,决定商业区位的主要因素是局部整合度和连接度：在城市尺度下,决定商业区位的主要因素是全局整合度和局部整合度。综合来看,济南城市商业区位主要受制于局部路网的局部整合度和连接度以及整体路网的全局整合度。能否深入认识并把握住这一城市空间结构与功能的内在发展规律,对于快速而有效地推进济南城市规划建设意义重大。
With the increasingly rapid advance of urbanization in China, investigating and utilizing city space structure evolution principles to serve the city planning and construction are becoming more and more important. Space Syntax has became one of the most significant urban modeling methods for its emphases on space subjectivity and quantification. This paper discussed the feasibility of using Hierarchical Linear Model as a solution to Modifiable Areal Unit Problem and analyzing city commercial location under multi-scale spaces based on axial models, and then carried out a case study of Jinan to provide a reference for city spatio-functional form studies in future.
In the case study, this paper set up city-level and district-level axial maps of Jinan in2011and2020according to Jinan City Regulatory Plan, and calculated the values of connectivity, control, integration n and integration3of each axis to reveal city spatial characteristics. General linear regression models and hierarchical linear models were exploited to investigate the relationship between spatial structure and commercial activity intensity which was quantified by C.B.D ratio. A prediction model was also constructed in terms of the two-level hierarchical linear model to find out the preferred commercial location of Jinan in2020and compare with the commercial distribution pattern proposed in regulatory plan. As the result suggested, the syntactic indexes under different spatial scales had different impacts on Jinan commercial location choice:in the district-level, the main influencing factors were integration3and connectivity; in the city-level, the main influencing factors were integration n and integration3. To sum up, the urban commercial locations were mainly determined by district-level integration3, connectivity and city-level integration n. This finding should be carefully considered in the process of city planning and construction.
在具体研究中,本文以济南市控制性详细规划为基础,将山东省济南市划分为总体层次和个体层次两个空间结构研究尺度,并分别建立2011年和2020年济南两个层次的轴线模型,计算出各模型中轴线的连接度、控制值、全局整合度和局部整合度以代表其空间特性。然后,将2011年济南个体层次尺度下各商业地块的商业强度采用商业机能度进行量化,利用一般线性模型和分层线性模型分别进行商业强度和各空间句法参数值的回归对比分析,确定不同空间尺度下句法参数对商业区位的影响,并使用所建立的分层线性回归模型进行2020年商业区位预测,同时对济南市控制性详细规划进行评估。研究结果表明,不同尺度空间结构下的句法参数对于济南商业区位选择的影响是不同的：在片区尺度下,决定商业区位的主要因素是局部整合度和连接度：在城市尺度下,决定商业区位的主要因素是全局整合度和局部整合度。综合来看,济南城市商业区位主要受制于局部路网的局部整合度和连接度以及整体路网的全局整合度。能否深入认识并把握住这一城市空间结构与功能的内在发展规律,对于快速而有效地推进济南城市规划建设意义重大。
With the increasingly rapid advance of urbanization in China, investigating and utilizing city space structure evolution principles to serve the city planning and construction are becoming more and more important. Space Syntax has became one of the most significant urban modeling methods for its emphases on space subjectivity and quantification. This paper discussed the feasibility of using Hierarchical Linear Model as a solution to Modifiable Areal Unit Problem and analyzing city commercial location under multi-scale spaces based on axial models, and then carried out a case study of Jinan to provide a reference for city spatio-functional form studies in future.
In the case study, this paper set up city-level and district-level axial maps of Jinan in2011and2020according to Jinan City Regulatory Plan, and calculated the values of connectivity, control, integration n and integration3of each axis to reveal city spatial characteristics. General linear regression models and hierarchical linear models were exploited to investigate the relationship between spatial structure and commercial activity intensity which was quantified by C.B.D ratio. A prediction model was also constructed in terms of the two-level hierarchical linear model to find out the preferred commercial location of Jinan in2020and compare with the commercial distribution pattern proposed in regulatory plan. As the result suggested, the syntactic indexes under different spatial scales had different impacts on Jinan commercial location choice:in the district-level, the main influencing factors were integration3and connectivity; in the city-level, the main influencing factors were integration n and integration3. To sum up, the urban commercial locations were mainly determined by district-level integration3, connectivity and city-level integration n. This finding should be carefully considered in the process of city planning and construction.
引文
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[4]济南市统计局.20]1年济南市国民经济和社会发展统计公报[0L].http://www.jinan.gov.cn/art/2012/3/2/art_95_340700.html,2012.5.11.
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[7]李婷.零售商业区位理论及其对零售业选址的指导[D].上海：上海社会科学院,2006.
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[10]宁越敏等.上海市区商业中心的等级体系及其变迁特征[J].地域研究与开发,2005,2.
[11]陈建东.城市零售商业空间布局研究—以济南市为例[D].济南：济南大学,2010.
[12]Kim H.k, Sohn D. W. An analysis of the relationship between land use density and office buildings and urban street configuration-Case studies of two areas in Seoul by space syntax analysis[J]. Cities,2002,19.
[13]许智宏.都市混合土地使用形态及其影响因素之研究—以台南市为例[D].台南：成功大学,2006.
[14]朱东风.城市空间发展的拓扑分析—以苏州为例[M].南京：东南大学出版社,2007.3.
[15]Matthews J. W, Turnbull G. K. Neighborhood street layout and property value:the interaction of accessibility and land use mix[J].The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics,2007,35.
[16]Song Ke, Manchun Li,Yixi Shao, Yongxue Liu. Research of the relationship between space accessiblity and urban land price by point-based space syntax[J]. Geoinformatics,2007,6754.
[17]Enstrom R, Netzell O. Can space Syntax Help us in Understanding the Intraurban Office Rent Pattern?Accessibility and Rents in Downtown Stockholm[J]. Real Estate Finan Econ,2008,36.
[18]赵刚,王金岩,左长安,董睿.济南商业中心时空变迁研究——空间句法与历史—地理描述分析的结合性互证[C].中国城市规划学会.2012中国城市规划年会论文集.昆明：云南科技出版社,2012：14.
[19]陈嘉茹.以空间型构法与阶层线性模型探讨交通路网结构对都市商业形态影响之研究[D].台南：国立成功大学,2008.
[20]Snellen, D., Borgers, A., Timmermans, H.. Urban form, road network type, and mode choice for frequently conducted activities:a multilevel analysis using quasi-experimental design data[J], Environment and Planning A,2002,34:1207-1220.
[21]林汉良.土地使用图之点资料空间分析研究[J].规划学报,2005,35：31-45.
[22]Kwan, M. P, Weber, J..Scale and accessibility:Implications for the analysis of land use-travel interaction[J]. Applied Geography,2008,28: 110-123.
[23]李明儒.不同空间尺度下网格式土地使用变迁模型之敏感性分析[D].台北：台湾大学建筑与城乡研究所,2008.
[24]Hoshino, S. Multilevel modeling on farmland distribution in Japan[J]. Land Use Policy,2001,18:75-80.
[25]Pan, W., Bilsborrow, R. E.. The use of a multilevel statistical model to analyze factors influencing land use:a study of the Education Amazon[J].Global Planetary Change,2005,47:232-252.
[26]Overmars, K. P., Verburg, P. H.. Multilevel modeling of land use form field to village level in the Philippines[J]. Agricultural Systems,2006, 89:435-456.
[27]Shao, J., Xu, C., Wei, C., Xie, D.. Explanation of land use in mountainous area, China:from field to village level [J]. Geojournal,2007,68:357-368.
[28]济南市规划局.济南市控制性详细规划(2006-2020)[0L].http://www.jnup.gov.cn/kzxxxgh/index.htm,2012.5.11.
[29]陆大道.区位论及区域研究方法[M].北京：科学出版社,1988.
[30]杨吾扬.区位论原理—产业、城市和区域的区位经济分析[M].兰州：甘肃人民出版社,1989.
[31]张文忠.经济区位论[M].北京：科学出版社,2000.
[32]藤田昌久等.聚集经济学[M].成都：西南财经大学出版社,2004.
[33]Brian J. L. Berry.商业中心与零售业布局[M].上海：同济大学出版社,2006.
[34]高进田.区位的经济学分析[M].上海：上海人民出版社,2007.
[35]白光润.应用区位论[M].北京：科学出版社,2009.
[36]威廉·阿朗索.区位与土地利用[M].北京：商务印书馆,2010.
[37]藤田昌久等.空间经济学[M].北京：中国人民出版社,2011.
[38]济南市志编纂委员会.济南市志资料第三辑[M].济南：济南市志编纂委员会,1982.
[39]Hillier B. The social logic of space[M]. Cambrige University Press,1984.
[40]亚历山大.城市并非树形[J].建筑师,1985,24.
[41]济南市社会科学研究所.济南简史[M].济南：齐鲁书社,1986.
[42]李百浩等.济南近代城市规划历史研究[J].城市规划汇刊,2003,2.
[43]党明德等.济南百年城市发展史：开埠以来的济南[M].济南：齐鲁书社,2004.
[44]汪坚强.近现代济南城市形态的演变与发展研究[D].北京：清华大学,2004.
[45]陈修颖.区域空间结构重组——理论和实证研究[M].南京：东南大学出版社,2005.
[46]清华大学建筑学院.城市与区域规划研究[M].北京：商务印书馆,2008.
[47]杨上广.中国大城市经济空间的演化[M].上海：上海人民出版社,2009.
[48]汪坚强.现代济南城市演变研究[J].现代城市研究,2009,10.
[49]Zhang Qingming, Zhou Jingnan, Xiao Yinghui. Applying Space Syntax in Large Polycentric City[C]. American:The 17th International Conference on Geoinformatics.2009.
[50]刘勇.城市群空间结构演化[M].北京：经济管理出版社,2010.
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