转动惯量对长距离输水管道水力过渡过程影响研究
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摘要
随着经济的迅速发展和人口不断增长,以及水资源分布不均加之气候变化,区域性缺水非常严重。以往小范围内的调水已难以满足一些地区的用水需求,迫切需要修建一些长距离的调水工程解决区域水资源分配不均匀的问题,从而实现水资源的优化配置。
长距离有压输水管道中的水力过渡过程比较复杂,事故停泵时,如果没有合理的水锤防护措施,这类输水系统很可能发生破坏性很大的水锤事故。通过计算机模拟事故停泵时系统的水力过渡过程,准确预测水锤升压为选择经济有效的水锤防护措施提供依据。目前,水泵处水力过渡过程主要取决于水泵机组的惯性方程,水泵机组转动惯量是描述水力过渡过程中水泵运转工况的重要参数,但是目前机电产品的改进换代较快,在工程中如何选择合适转动惯量的水泵或者如何加装多大的飞轮,对长距离输水工程具有指导性意义。
本文结合苏丹港长距离输水工程及平岗输水工程实例,用C++语言编写计算机程序进行停泵水锤计算分析。主要分析了加大水泵机组转动惯量或增装飞轮对停泵水锤计算结果的影响。
通过本文分析研究表明,在高扬程的输水工程采用转动惯量大的水泵机组或增装惯性飞轮时,水泵出口处水锤升压、降压减小；水泵机组反转数降低；水泵处流量为负的时刻出现延后；水泵机组(最大)反转数出现的时刻,延后；输水工程中有水柱分离以及断流再弥合水锤出现的潜在危险时,采用转动惯量大的水泵机组或增装惯性飞轮,对水锤防护的效果尤其明显。对于平坦管道,无明显效果。
With the rapid economic development and population growth, and uneven distribution of water resources coupled with climate change, regional water shortage is very serious.,Water transfer within a small area in the past have been difficult to meet the demand for water in some areas,,Urgent need to build a number of long-distance water transfer project to solve the problem of regional water resources uneven distribution,,In order to achieve the optimal allocation of water resources.
Long distance pressure pipeline in the transition process is relatively complicated hydraulic,When pumping accidents,,If there is no reasonable water hammer protection, Distribution system is likely to occur such devastating incidents of water hammer., Computer simulation of the accident by stopping the hydraulic pump when the system transition process,,Predict water hammer boost for the selection of cost-effective to provide evidence of water hammer protection.。Currently,,Pump for hydraulic transition process depends on water pump inertia equation,。Pump inertia is to describe the operation of the hydraulic pump during the transition condition of the important parameters,However, the improvement and updating of existing machinery and electronic products faster,In the project to choose a suitable moment of inertia of the pump or how much of the flywheel installed,Long-distance water diversion project on the guiding significance.
In this paper, examples of Port Sudan Water Transfer Project,Using C++ language computer program for calculating Water hammer analysis,Mainly analyzes the moment of inertia the pump stops pumping of rotational inertia on the results of calculation of water hammer.
This analysis shows that Lift the water diversion project in the high moment of inertia using high-volume water pump, or by loading when the inertia flywheel,The outlet of the water hammer pump boost, buck reduced;Pump reversal reduce;The time of Service flow pumps appear negative is delayed;The time of Water Pump (maximum) number of emerging reversal is delayed;When Water supply project in the water column separation and drying and then to bridge the potential danger of water hammer occurs, By inertia or by volume of the pump unit mounted flywheel;The effects of water hammer is particularly evident。For the flat channel is no significant effect.
长距离有压输水管道中的水力过渡过程比较复杂,事故停泵时,如果没有合理的水锤防护措施,这类输水系统很可能发生破坏性很大的水锤事故。通过计算机模拟事故停泵时系统的水力过渡过程,准确预测水锤升压为选择经济有效的水锤防护措施提供依据。目前,水泵处水力过渡过程主要取决于水泵机组的惯性方程,水泵机组转动惯量是描述水力过渡过程中水泵运转工况的重要参数,但是目前机电产品的改进换代较快,在工程中如何选择合适转动惯量的水泵或者如何加装多大的飞轮,对长距离输水工程具有指导性意义。
本文结合苏丹港长距离输水工程及平岗输水工程实例,用C++语言编写计算机程序进行停泵水锤计算分析。主要分析了加大水泵机组转动惯量或增装飞轮对停泵水锤计算结果的影响。
通过本文分析研究表明,在高扬程的输水工程采用转动惯量大的水泵机组或增装惯性飞轮时,水泵出口处水锤升压、降压减小；水泵机组反转数降低；水泵处流量为负的时刻出现延后；水泵机组(最大)反转数出现的时刻,延后；输水工程中有水柱分离以及断流再弥合水锤出现的潜在危险时,采用转动惯量大的水泵机组或增装惯性飞轮,对水锤防护的效果尤其明显。对于平坦管道,无明显效果。
With the rapid economic development and population growth, and uneven distribution of water resources coupled with climate change, regional water shortage is very serious.,Water transfer within a small area in the past have been difficult to meet the demand for water in some areas,,Urgent need to build a number of long-distance water transfer project to solve the problem of regional water resources uneven distribution,,In order to achieve the optimal allocation of water resources.
Long distance pressure pipeline in the transition process is relatively complicated hydraulic,When pumping accidents,,If there is no reasonable water hammer protection, Distribution system is likely to occur such devastating incidents of water hammer., Computer simulation of the accident by stopping the hydraulic pump when the system transition process,,Predict water hammer boost for the selection of cost-effective to provide evidence of water hammer protection.。Currently,,Pump for hydraulic transition process depends on water pump inertia equation,。Pump inertia is to describe the operation of the hydraulic pump during the transition condition of the important parameters,However, the improvement and updating of existing machinery and electronic products faster,In the project to choose a suitable moment of inertia of the pump or how much of the flywheel installed,Long-distance water diversion project on the guiding significance.
In this paper, examples of Port Sudan Water Transfer Project,Using C++ language computer program for calculating Water hammer analysis,Mainly analyzes the moment of inertia the pump stops pumping of rotational inertia on the results of calculation of water hammer.
This analysis shows that Lift the water diversion project in the high moment of inertia using high-volume water pump, or by loading when the inertia flywheel,The outlet of the water hammer pump boost, buck reduced;Pump reversal reduce;The time of Service flow pumps appear negative is delayed;The time of Water Pump (maximum) number of emerging reversal is delayed;When Water supply project in the water column separation and drying and then to bridge the potential danger of water hammer occurs, By inertia or by volume of the pump unit mounted flywheel;The effects of water hammer is particularly evident。For the flat channel is no significant effect.
引文
[1]严登丰.泵站工程[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2005
[2]周小兵,张立德,达楞塔.长距离大型调水工程运行管理实践[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2007
[3]左玉辉,梁英,柏益尧.水资源调控：大西线调水解析[M].北京.科学出版社,2008
[4]于万春,姜世强,贺如泓.水资源管理概论[M]北京：化学工业出版社,2007.5
[5]迟宝明,卢文喜等.水资源概论[M].长春：吉林大学出版社,2006.8,195页
[6]金锥,姜乃昌,汪兴华等.停泵水锤及防护[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2004年11月第二版,1,66-70,98-101,228-298
[7]徐军,梯级电站引水系统水力过渡过程研究[D],北京,国家图书馆,2002.4
[8]Resal H. Note sur les petits mouvements d'un fluide incompressible dans un tuyau e'lastique[J].Journal de Mathematiques Pures et Appliquees,1876, rd Series,2: 342-344
[9]刘竹溪,刘光临.泵站水锤及其防护[M].北京：水利电力出版社,1988
[10]Menabrea L F. Note sur les effects de choc de leau dans les conduits[J].Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de L'Academid des Sciences,France,1858,47:221-224
[11]丁浩.水电站压力引水系统非恒定流[M].北京：水利电力出版社,1986
[12]Frizell J P. Pressure Resultiong from Changes of Velocity of Water in Pipes[J].Trans. Amer. Soc. Civil Engrs.,1898,39:1-18
[13][日]秋元德三著.水击与压力波动[M].支陪法等译.北京：电力工业出版社,1981
[14]曹广学.高扬程泵站压力管路安全防护的计算机数值模拟[D].太原：太原理工大学,2005
[15]《伴有水柱分离的水力过渡过程》(Hydraulic Transients With Water Column Separation)的综合报告书[R].国际水力工程研究协会IAHR下设的工作组(1971-1991)的综合报告,2000年4月12日出版,马德里,西班牙
[16]王树人,刘天雄,彭天玫.水击理论与水击计算[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1981,1
[17][加]M.H.Chaudhry著.实用水力过渡过程[M].陈家远,孙诗杰,张治滨译.成都：四川水力发电工程学会,1985
[18]刘光临,蒋劲等.泵站水锤阀调节防护试验研究[J].武汉水利电力大学学报,1991.12
[19]王学芳,叶宏开,汤荣铭等.工业管道中的水锤[M].北京：科学出版社,1995
[20]杨玉思.全压高速排气阀[P].中国专利：98113073,2000-05-31
[21]于必录,刘超,杨晓东.泵系统过渡过程分析与计算[M].北京：水利电力出版社,1993：93-120
[22]杨玉思,羡巨智,王栋.有压供水管道气水两相流流态及排气方式[J].中国给水排水,2005,21(12),62-64
[23]杨玉思,辛亚娟.管网爆管的水力因素分析及防爆技术探讨[J].中国给水排水,2006,22(21),61-63
[24]马素霞.泵系统的顺变流特性[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2007
[25]郭立君,何川.泵与风机[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2004.8
[26]许金贤,沈祖诒.转动惯量对水电机组动态性能影响[J].水电能源科学,1998-9
[27]杨玉思,张世昌,付林.有压供水管道中气囊运动的危害与防护[J].中国给水排水,2002,18(9),32-33
[28]冯振宇,王忠民,赵风群.考虑转动惯量时输流管道动力特性分析的有限差分法[N]西安公路交通大学学报.1998-4
[29]侯益民.大容量电动机拖动大转动惯量机械直接启动问题的分析[J].当代化工,2006,35(1)：57-60
[30]杨建东,高志芹.机组转动惯量GD2的取值及对水电站过渡过程的影响[J].水电能源科学,2005,23(2),47-49
[31]张龙飞,张大发,王少明.转动惯量对船用核动力主泵瞬态特性的影响研究[J].航海工程,2005,2
[32]刘孟诏,刘芳.液体转动惯量综述[N].飞机设计.2003
[33]孔庆蓉,姜春波,焦云乔.南水北调中线自流式加压泵站站后负压分析[J].南水北调与水利科技,2007,5(6),13-15
[34]中国市政工程东北设计研究院、长安大学主编.城镇供水长距离输水管(渠)道工程技术规程.中国计划出版社.2005
[35]刘光临,刘梅清,匡许衡.长管道系统中的水锤及其防护研究[J].武汉水利电力大学学报,1996(5)：111-113
[36]李明.高扬程抽水站水锤防护措施-液控缓闭蝶阀选型[J].山西：科技情报开发与经济,1999.4：30-31
[37]冯汉民,水泵学[M],北京：水利电力出版社,1991
[38]李建威.水力机械测试技术[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1981
[39]中国城镇供水协会主编.城市供水行业2010年技术进步发展规划及2020年远景目标.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2005
[40]夏军.区域水环境及生态治理评价[M].武汉：武汉水利电力大学出版社.1999
[2]周小兵,张立德,达楞塔.长距离大型调水工程运行管理实践[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2007
[3]左玉辉,梁英,柏益尧.水资源调控：大西线调水解析[M].北京.科学出版社,2008
[4]于万春,姜世强,贺如泓.水资源管理概论[M]北京：化学工业出版社,2007.5
[5]迟宝明,卢文喜等.水资源概论[M].长春：吉林大学出版社,2006.8,195页
[6]金锥,姜乃昌,汪兴华等.停泵水锤及防护[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2004年11月第二版,1,66-70,98-101,228-298
[7]徐军,梯级电站引水系统水力过渡过程研究[D],北京,国家图书馆,2002.4
[8]Resal H. Note sur les petits mouvements d'un fluide incompressible dans un tuyau e'lastique[J].Journal de Mathematiques Pures et Appliquees,1876, rd Series,2: 342-344
[9]刘竹溪,刘光临.泵站水锤及其防护[M].北京：水利电力出版社,1988
[10]Menabrea L F. Note sur les effects de choc de leau dans les conduits[J].Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de L'Academid des Sciences,France,1858,47:221-224
[11]丁浩.水电站压力引水系统非恒定流[M].北京：水利电力出版社,1986
[12]Frizell J P. Pressure Resultiong from Changes of Velocity of Water in Pipes[J].Trans. Amer. Soc. Civil Engrs.,1898,39:1-18
[13][日]秋元德三著.水击与压力波动[M].支陪法等译.北京：电力工业出版社,1981
[14]曹广学.高扬程泵站压力管路安全防护的计算机数值模拟[D].太原：太原理工大学,2005
[15]《伴有水柱分离的水力过渡过程》(Hydraulic Transients With Water Column Separation)的综合报告书[R].国际水力工程研究协会IAHR下设的工作组(1971-1991)的综合报告,2000年4月12日出版,马德里,西班牙
[16]王树人,刘天雄,彭天玫.水击理论与水击计算[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1981,1
[17][加]M.H.Chaudhry著.实用水力过渡过程[M].陈家远,孙诗杰,张治滨译.成都：四川水力发电工程学会,1985
[18]刘光临,蒋劲等.泵站水锤阀调节防护试验研究[J].武汉水利电力大学学报,1991.12
[19]王学芳,叶宏开,汤荣铭等.工业管道中的水锤[M].北京：科学出版社,1995
[20]杨玉思.全压高速排气阀[P].中国专利：98113073,2000-05-31
[21]于必录,刘超,杨晓东.泵系统过渡过程分析与计算[M].北京：水利电力出版社,1993：93-120
[22]杨玉思,羡巨智,王栋.有压供水管道气水两相流流态及排气方式[J].中国给水排水,2005,21(12),62-64
[23]杨玉思,辛亚娟.管网爆管的水力因素分析及防爆技术探讨[J].中国给水排水,2006,22(21),61-63
[24]马素霞.泵系统的顺变流特性[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2007
[25]郭立君,何川.泵与风机[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2004.8
[26]许金贤,沈祖诒.转动惯量对水电机组动态性能影响[J].水电能源科学,1998-9
[27]杨玉思,张世昌,付林.有压供水管道中气囊运动的危害与防护[J].中国给水排水,2002,18(9),32-33
[28]冯振宇,王忠民,赵风群.考虑转动惯量时输流管道动力特性分析的有限差分法[N]西安公路交通大学学报.1998-4
[29]侯益民.大容量电动机拖动大转动惯量机械直接启动问题的分析[J].当代化工,2006,35(1)：57-60
[30]杨建东,高志芹.机组转动惯量GD2的取值及对水电站过渡过程的影响[J].水电能源科学,2005,23(2),47-49
[31]张龙飞,张大发,王少明.转动惯量对船用核动力主泵瞬态特性的影响研究[J].航海工程,2005,2
[32]刘孟诏,刘芳.液体转动惯量综述[N].飞机设计.2003
[33]孔庆蓉,姜春波,焦云乔.南水北调中线自流式加压泵站站后负压分析[J].南水北调与水利科技,2007,5(6),13-15
[34]中国市政工程东北设计研究院、长安大学主编.城镇供水长距离输水管(渠)道工程技术规程.中国计划出版社.2005
[35]刘光临,刘梅清,匡许衡.长管道系统中的水锤及其防护研究[J].武汉水利电力大学学报,1996(5)：111-113
[36]李明.高扬程抽水站水锤防护措施-液控缓闭蝶阀选型[J].山西：科技情报开发与经济,1999.4：30-31
[37]冯汉民,水泵学[M],北京：水利电力出版社,1991
[38]李建威.水力机械测试技术[M].北京：机械工业出版社,1981
[39]中国城镇供水协会主编.城市供水行业2010年技术进步发展规划及2020年远景目标.北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2005
[40]夏军.区域水环境及生态治理评价[M].武汉：武汉水利电力大学出版社.1999