信息化条件下我军舆论战的运用
|
摘要
20世纪末、21世纪初发生的几场高技术局部战争,让世人认识到了舆论战在战争中的地位和作用。随着信息时代的到来,使舆论战从战争后台走向前台,从战争的协助者成为左右战局、主宰胜负的一支重要力量。2004年,中央军委新颁布的《中国人民解放军政治工作条例》,明确地把舆论战、心理战、法律战载入其中。加强舆论战的研究,发挥其在现代战争中的作用,既体现了我军政治工作的战时功能,也使信息化条件下的我军舆论战战法的探索和运用成为可能。
舆论战是配合国家、政治、外交、军事斗争的重要形式,是信息化条件下一体化联合作战的组成部分,是发挥政治工作作战功能的基本途径。信息化条件下,为最大限度地保持“强音”、防止“噪音”、杜绝“杂音”,进而充分体现舆论战的特性,发挥舆论战的功能,牢牢把握战场舆论主导权,必须高度重视对舆论战的精心组织和科学运用。舆论战的重点是掌握新闻舆论,在充分利用报纸、电台、电视台等媒体的基础上,形成立体式宣传,给交战对方形成强大的舆论压力。本课题的研究价值是,以舆论为武器,综合运用各种传媒手段和信息资源,激励我方战斗精神,影响敌方形势判断,削弱敌方战斗意志,为争取政治主动和军事胜利营造有利舆论环境的斗争方法。
本文在总结前人工作的基础上,查阅分析了大量资料,吸收、借鉴国内外军事领域专家和学者的先进理论,结合我军舆论战研究的实际情况,归纳整理了舆论战场构成的五个基本要素,阐述了信息化条件下舆论战战法的运用及原则,并就舆论防御和战时信息管控等进行了探索研究。
People in the world realize the status and functions of the public opinion warfare through several high-tech wars between the end of 20th century and the beginning of 21st century . With the coming of the information age, public opinion warfare, which has come from the back to the front ,from the ministrant to the master who decides war victory or defeat ,has become an important power in the war .In 2004,The Central Military Commission has promulgated《political byelaws of the PLA》which definitely inscrolled public opinion warfare, psychological warfare and law war. Further research of the public opinion warfare, exerting its function in the modern war ,it not only embody the wartime functions of our political works but also make it possible to explore and exert the tactics of public opinion warfare.
public opinion warfare is an important struggle form which cooperate with the country、politics and military struggles .It is a part of the joint operations based on informationization and a basic way to exert war function of political works .In order to furthest keep ictus, prevent noises , eliminate cacophony ,make full embodiment of public opinion warfare ,exert its function , firmly control the war domination, it must make great focus on organizing and exerting the public opinion warfare . The key of public opinion warfare is the news media, which makes full use of newspapers, radio, television and other media and constructs a three-dimensional advertising to create a strong pressure of public opinion. The value of the paper is : it present a means which use public opinion as a weapon ,make comprehensive use of various media means and information resources ,encouraging our fighting spirit, influnce enemy judging situation, weakening the enemy's willingness, to fight for the political and military victory of the initiative to create a favourable public opinion environment struggles action.
Based on the work of the predecessors, the inspection of a great deal of information, drawing on lessons from domestic and foreign military experts and scholars and the actual situation of our army's war, this paper presents the basic concept of public opinion warfare under the informationization conditions, summarizes four principles of public opinion warfare and its application guidance, explores the public opinion defense and information control and administration in the actual combat.
舆论战是配合国家、政治、外交、军事斗争的重要形式,是信息化条件下一体化联合作战的组成部分,是发挥政治工作作战功能的基本途径。信息化条件下,为最大限度地保持“强音”、防止“噪音”、杜绝“杂音”,进而充分体现舆论战的特性,发挥舆论战的功能,牢牢把握战场舆论主导权,必须高度重视对舆论战的精心组织和科学运用。舆论战的重点是掌握新闻舆论,在充分利用报纸、电台、电视台等媒体的基础上,形成立体式宣传,给交战对方形成强大的舆论压力。本课题的研究价值是,以舆论为武器,综合运用各种传媒手段和信息资源,激励我方战斗精神,影响敌方形势判断,削弱敌方战斗意志,为争取政治主动和军事胜利营造有利舆论环境的斗争方法。
本文在总结前人工作的基础上,查阅分析了大量资料,吸收、借鉴国内外军事领域专家和学者的先进理论,结合我军舆论战研究的实际情况,归纳整理了舆论战场构成的五个基本要素,阐述了信息化条件下舆论战战法的运用及原则,并就舆论防御和战时信息管控等进行了探索研究。
People in the world realize the status and functions of the public opinion warfare through several high-tech wars between the end of 20th century and the beginning of 21st century . With the coming of the information age, public opinion warfare, which has come from the back to the front ,from the ministrant to the master who decides war victory or defeat ,has become an important power in the war .In 2004,The Central Military Commission has promulgated《political byelaws of the PLA》which definitely inscrolled public opinion warfare, psychological warfare and law war. Further research of the public opinion warfare, exerting its function in the modern war ,it not only embody the wartime functions of our political works but also make it possible to explore and exert the tactics of public opinion warfare.
public opinion warfare is an important struggle form which cooperate with the country、politics and military struggles .It is a part of the joint operations based on informationization and a basic way to exert war function of political works .In order to furthest keep ictus, prevent noises , eliminate cacophony ,make full embodiment of public opinion warfare ,exert its function , firmly control the war domination, it must make great focus on organizing and exerting the public opinion warfare . The key of public opinion warfare is the news media, which makes full use of newspapers, radio, television and other media and constructs a three-dimensional advertising to create a strong pressure of public opinion. The value of the paper is : it present a means which use public opinion as a weapon ,make comprehensive use of various media means and information resources ,encouraging our fighting spirit, influnce enemy judging situation, weakening the enemy's willingness, to fight for the political and military victory of the initiative to create a favourable public opinion environment struggles action.
Based on the work of the predecessors, the inspection of a great deal of information, drawing on lessons from domestic and foreign military experts and scholars and the actual situation of our army's war, this paper presents the basic concept of public opinion warfare under the informationization conditions, summarizes four principles of public opinion warfare and its application guidance, explores the public opinion defense and information control and administration in the actual combat.
引文
[1]张晓天、吴寒月.怎样打赢舆论战——古今中外舆论战战法研究[M].北京:国防大学出版社2006,2:21。
[2]中国人民解放军舆论战心理战法律战纲要学习读本[S].北京:解放军出版社,2006,5:26-82。
[3]陈辉、杨连元.我军舆论战心理战法律战走进军营[N].北京:工人日报,2004,6(29):6
[4]王林、余琦.舆论战知识问答[M].北京:解放军出版社,2006,10:29。
[5]韩瑞斌.崛起的中国如何用新闻引导国际舆论[J].中国广播,2007,12(174):7。
[6]盛沛林,王林,刘亚.舆论战100例—经典案例评析[M].北京:解放军出版社,2005,1:6-11,35-108,142-218。
[7]李智.文化外交—一种传播学的解读[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2005,1:57-92。
[8]张骥.国际政治文化学导论[M].北京:世界知识出版社,2005,5:22-41。
[9]杨定宇,顾黎.舆论战讲座[M].北京:解放军出版社,2007,5:64-145。
[10]沈伟光.传媒与战争[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2000,3:22-165,183-216。
[11]展江.战时新闻传播论[M].北京:经济管理出版社,1999,7:88-106。
[12]胡全良、贾建林.较量——伊拉克战争中的舆论战[M].北京:军事科学出版社,2004,2:46-178。
[13]盛沛林.没有硝烟的战争[M].北京:解放军出版社,2004,3:11-18,75-80,86-134。
[14]刘建明.舆论传播[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001,9:15-35,78-152。
[15]杨明.软战争——信息时代政治战探析[M].北京:解放军出版社,2005,11:69-196。
[16]程宝山.舆论战心理战法律战基本问题[M].北京:军事科学出版社,2004,10:56-152,213-298。
[17]孔英.透视信息化战争中的新闻舆论战[N].北京:解放军报,2004,6(1):6。
[18]王林,曹雨.平战转变期舆论战运动规律初探[J].南京政治学院学报,2004,(6):117-120。
[19]荆小平.宣传作战[M].北京:军事谊文出版社,2004,4:34-51。
[20]朱金平.舆论战[M].北京:言实出版社,2005,5:2-48。
[21](英)苏珊·L.卡拉瑟斯.西方传媒与战争[M].北京:新华出版社,2002:12-15。
[22]美)阿尔文·托夫勒.未来战争[M].北京:新华出版社,1996:125-127。
[23]蔡世经,侯宝成,杨继成.信息化战争中我军舆论战展法的构建[J].南京政治学院学报,2006,2(3):83-86。
[24]周林等.信息军事—未来战争的制胜之道.北京:军事科学出版社,2003,1。
[25](美)迈克尔·奥汉隆.高科技与新军事革命.北京:新华出版社,2001,2。
[26]王凯.数字化部队.北京:解放军出版社,1999,1。
[27]中国现代国际关系研究所.信息革命与国际关系.北京:时事出版社,2002,7。
[28]朱幼文,冯毅.高技术条件下的信息战.北京:军事科学出版社,1994,6。
[29]Tammen,Ronald L.Power Transitions:Strategies for the Twenty-First Century(New York:Chatham House/Seven Bridges Press,2000)
[30]Ney,Joseph.Understanding International Conflicts[third edition](New York:Longman,2000)
[31]Weiss,Linda.The Myth of the Powerless State(Ithaca,NY:Cornell University Press,1998)
[32]Depuy, T. N. ed., International Military and Defense Encyclopedia (Maxwell Macraillan, Inc., 1993)
[33]Kenneth M. Dolbeare,Directions in American Political Thought (John_Wiley &Sons, Inc., 1969)
[34]Paul R. Viotti & Mark V. Kauppi. International Relations and World Politics[second edition] (Prentice Hall, Inc., 2000)
[35]Department of the Array. Army Vision 2010
[36]The Association of the US Army. Array. 2000(1)-2003(4)
[37]US Field Artillery Association. FA Journal. 2000(1)-2003(6)
[38]Headquarters, Department of the Army. FM3-0 Operations. 2001.6
[2]中国人民解放军舆论战心理战法律战纲要学习读本[S].北京:解放军出版社,2006,5:26-82。
[3]陈辉、杨连元.我军舆论战心理战法律战走进军营[N].北京:工人日报,2004,6(29):6
[4]王林、余琦.舆论战知识问答[M].北京:解放军出版社,2006,10:29。
[5]韩瑞斌.崛起的中国如何用新闻引导国际舆论[J].中国广播,2007,12(174):7。
[6]盛沛林,王林,刘亚.舆论战100例—经典案例评析[M].北京:解放军出版社,2005,1:6-11,35-108,142-218。
[7]李智.文化外交—一种传播学的解读[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2005,1:57-92。
[8]张骥.国际政治文化学导论[M].北京:世界知识出版社,2005,5:22-41。
[9]杨定宇,顾黎.舆论战讲座[M].北京:解放军出版社,2007,5:64-145。
[10]沈伟光.传媒与战争[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2000,3:22-165,183-216。
[11]展江.战时新闻传播论[M].北京:经济管理出版社,1999,7:88-106。
[12]胡全良、贾建林.较量——伊拉克战争中的舆论战[M].北京:军事科学出版社,2004,2:46-178。
[13]盛沛林.没有硝烟的战争[M].北京:解放军出版社,2004,3:11-18,75-80,86-134。
[14]刘建明.舆论传播[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001,9:15-35,78-152。
[15]杨明.软战争——信息时代政治战探析[M].北京:解放军出版社,2005,11:69-196。
[16]程宝山.舆论战心理战法律战基本问题[M].北京:军事科学出版社,2004,10:56-152,213-298。
[17]孔英.透视信息化战争中的新闻舆论战[N].北京:解放军报,2004,6(1):6。
[18]王林,曹雨.平战转变期舆论战运动规律初探[J].南京政治学院学报,2004,(6):117-120。
[19]荆小平.宣传作战[M].北京:军事谊文出版社,2004,4:34-51。
[20]朱金平.舆论战[M].北京:言实出版社,2005,5:2-48。
[21](英)苏珊·L.卡拉瑟斯.西方传媒与战争[M].北京:新华出版社,2002:12-15。
[22]美)阿尔文·托夫勒.未来战争[M].北京:新华出版社,1996:125-127。
[23]蔡世经,侯宝成,杨继成.信息化战争中我军舆论战展法的构建[J].南京政治学院学报,2006,2(3):83-86。
[24]周林等.信息军事—未来战争的制胜之道.北京:军事科学出版社,2003,1。
[25](美)迈克尔·奥汉隆.高科技与新军事革命.北京:新华出版社,2001,2。
[26]王凯.数字化部队.北京:解放军出版社,1999,1。
[27]中国现代国际关系研究所.信息革命与国际关系.北京:时事出版社,2002,7。
[28]朱幼文,冯毅.高技术条件下的信息战.北京:军事科学出版社,1994,6。
[29]Tammen,Ronald L.Power Transitions:Strategies for the Twenty-First Century(New York:Chatham House/Seven Bridges Press,2000)
[30]Ney,Joseph.Understanding International Conflicts[third edition](New York:Longman,2000)
[31]Weiss,Linda.The Myth of the Powerless State(Ithaca,NY:Cornell University Press,1998)
[32]Depuy, T. N. ed., International Military and Defense Encyclopedia (Maxwell Macraillan, Inc., 1993)
[33]Kenneth M. Dolbeare,Directions in American Political Thought (John_Wiley &Sons, Inc., 1969)
[34]Paul R. Viotti & Mark V. Kauppi. International Relations and World Politics[second edition] (Prentice Hall, Inc., 2000)
[35]Department of the Array. Army Vision 2010
[36]The Association of the US Army. Array. 2000(1)-2003(4)
[37]US Field Artillery Association. FA Journal. 2000(1)-2003(6)
[38]Headquarters, Department of the Army. FM3-0 Operations. 2001.6