ZigBee定位技术及其在搜救系统中的应用研究
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摘要
无线传感器网络是一种综合了各种新兴技术的通信网络,网络节点可佩带多种不同性能的传感器,方便人们收集各种不同的信息。无线传感器网络的出现大大提升了人们与现实世界的交互能力。这种应用性的网络被广泛运用于军事,环境监测,医疗监护,保健,工业,商业,家居等各种不同的领域。
生命探测仪是目前安全救生领域的关键,在面对灾后人员搜救方面,它有着极强的优势,在汶川大地震的时候,有很多人得到了生命探测仪的帮助得以获救,在日本福岛大地震中,生命探测仪也发挥了很大的效用。论文的目的是在无线网络的基础上建立生命探测系统,使二者的优势在同一平台下得以发挥。
本文通过对目前比较常见的几种无线网络协议进行比较,选出ZigBee协议作为搜救系统的网络通信协议,在对协议栈做了深入的分析和研究后,对于协议的总体框架,协议的各层关系和协议提供的API函数有了了解,对于协议栈的实际程序运行情况有所认识。
对于多种定位算法进行对比和分析,选出适合ZigBee协议的算法,同时提出了该算法的不足。在能够满足对于人员搜救的要求的同时对选定的方法做了修改,提高了算法的精度。
通过对满足ZigBee协议栈的多种芯片设计方案做对比,选择CC2430作为本次设计的核心芯片。在前面工作的基础上设计搜救平台的整体需求,完成搜救平台的方案设计并做了软件设计,调试成功。最后测试了不同障碍下系统的点对点通信情况,信号强度指示和定位情况,并对数据进行分析。
论文实现了待救援人员的生命体征的提取和定位,具有一定的意义。
Wireless sensor network is a kind of communication networks which is acombination of emerging technologies, network nodes can be worn a variety ofdifferent properties of sensors, it is easy for people to collect all kinds of differentinformation. The emergence of wireless sensor network greatly enhances people'sability to interact with the real world. This application of the network is widely usedin military, environmental monitoring, medical care, health care, industrial,commercial, home and other various areas.
Life detector is a key of safety and rescue area, it has a strong advantage inpersonnel search and rescue in the face of disaster, during the WenChuan earthquake,many people got the help of life detector to be rescued, during Fukushima earthquake,life detector also played very effectively. The aim of this paper is to establishlife-detection systems based on the wireless network, so that the advantages of bothcan be played on the same platform.
Based on the comparison of several present common wireless network protocols,ZigBee protocol network communication protocol is selected as the search and rescuesystem network communication protocol. There is a good comprehension of theoverall framework for the protocol, the relations of each protocol layer, and the APIfunction which is provided by protocol, the practical procedures for the protocol stackhave been understood.
Various positioning algorithms are compared in order to do a comparison andanalysis to select a appropriate algorithms for ZigBee protocol, the shortcoming of thealgorithm is proposed at the same time. Some changes are made for the selectedmethod to improve the accuracy of the algorithm at the same time to meet therequirements of personnel search and rescue.
A variety of chip design that can meet the ZigBee protocol stack are compared,the CC2430 is selected as the core chip of this design. Based on the work ahead, thegeneral requirements of search and rescue platform are assumed to complete thedesign of search and rescue platform, software is designed and debugged successfully.Finally, communication circumstances of systems were tested point to point underdifferent barriers, signal strength indicator and location were also tested, the dataanalysis has done.
This paper realized the extraction and location of the vital signs of being rescuedpeople, which has certain significance.
生命探测仪是目前安全救生领域的关键,在面对灾后人员搜救方面,它有着极强的优势,在汶川大地震的时候,有很多人得到了生命探测仪的帮助得以获救,在日本福岛大地震中,生命探测仪也发挥了很大的效用。论文的目的是在无线网络的基础上建立生命探测系统,使二者的优势在同一平台下得以发挥。
本文通过对目前比较常见的几种无线网络协议进行比较,选出ZigBee协议作为搜救系统的网络通信协议,在对协议栈做了深入的分析和研究后,对于协议的总体框架,协议的各层关系和协议提供的API函数有了了解,对于协议栈的实际程序运行情况有所认识。
对于多种定位算法进行对比和分析,选出适合ZigBee协议的算法,同时提出了该算法的不足。在能够满足对于人员搜救的要求的同时对选定的方法做了修改,提高了算法的精度。
通过对满足ZigBee协议栈的多种芯片设计方案做对比,选择CC2430作为本次设计的核心芯片。在前面工作的基础上设计搜救平台的整体需求,完成搜救平台的方案设计并做了软件设计,调试成功。最后测试了不同障碍下系统的点对点通信情况,信号强度指示和定位情况,并对数据进行分析。
论文实现了待救援人员的生命体征的提取和定位,具有一定的意义。
Wireless sensor network is a kind of communication networks which is acombination of emerging technologies, network nodes can be worn a variety ofdifferent properties of sensors, it is easy for people to collect all kinds of differentinformation. The emergence of wireless sensor network greatly enhances people'sability to interact with the real world. This application of the network is widely usedin military, environmental monitoring, medical care, health care, industrial,commercial, home and other various areas.
Life detector is a key of safety and rescue area, it has a strong advantage inpersonnel search and rescue in the face of disaster, during the WenChuan earthquake,many people got the help of life detector to be rescued, during Fukushima earthquake,life detector also played very effectively. The aim of this paper is to establishlife-detection systems based on the wireless network, so that the advantages of bothcan be played on the same platform.
Based on the comparison of several present common wireless network protocols,ZigBee protocol network communication protocol is selected as the search and rescuesystem network communication protocol. There is a good comprehension of theoverall framework for the protocol, the relations of each protocol layer, and the APIfunction which is provided by protocol, the practical procedures for the protocol stackhave been understood.
Various positioning algorithms are compared in order to do a comparison andanalysis to select a appropriate algorithms for ZigBee protocol, the shortcoming of thealgorithm is proposed at the same time. Some changes are made for the selectedmethod to improve the accuracy of the algorithm at the same time to meet therequirements of personnel search and rescue.
A variety of chip design that can meet the ZigBee protocol stack are compared,the CC2430 is selected as the core chip of this design. Based on the work ahead, thegeneral requirements of search and rescue platform are assumed to complete thedesign of search and rescue platform, software is designed and debugged successfully.Finally, communication circumstances of systems were tested point to point underdifferent barriers, signal strength indicator and location were also tested, the dataanalysis has done.
This paper realized the extraction and location of the vital signs of being rescuedpeople, which has certain significance.
引文
[1]王安东张方舟秦刚等．无线传感器网络安全协议的研究[J]．计算机工程,2005，31(21)：10-13．
[2]刘宝. ZigBee网络及其在医疗监护系统中的应用研究[D]:（硕士学位论文）.兰州理工大学，2009.
[3]苑囡囡.ZigBee技术在智能家居中的应用[J].吉林工程技术师范学院学报.2009.3
[4]周经凯，麻信洛，霍玲玲，马鑫.智能家居控制系统中的无线技术应用与设计.工业控制计算机，2008年第1期
[5] Yan Dongmei,Dan Zhiguang.ZigBee-based Smart Home system design[J].IEEEComputer Society.2010.8
[6] Niu Dou1, Yang Mei1, Zhao Yanjuan1, Zhang Yan.The networking technologywithin Smart Home system - ZigBee technology[J] .IEEE Computer Society .2009.12
[7]马菁菁. ZigBee无线通信技术在智能家居中的应用研究[J].测试计量技术及仪器,2009 (7) :42-43.
[8]陈莉．基于ZigBee协议的环境监测无线传感器网络测量节点的设计[D]．上海：上海交通大学，2008.
[9]祁长璞,曹小华.无线传感器网络在钢结构监测中的应用[J].微计算机信息,2009 (4) :62-63.
[10]程春荣,毛祥根,武利珍.基于ZigBee技术的水质监测系统[J].电子器件,2009,32(5):942-945.
[11] IEEE802.15.4:Wireless Medium Access Control(MAC)and Physical Layer(PHY)Specificationgs for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks(LR-WPANs),8September 2006
[12]LAN/MAN Standards Committee.IEEE Std.802.15.4-2003. http://www.51zigbee.com/ bbs/down-list.asp? id=14,2003-10-1
[13] Ye W’Heidemann J，Estrin D．An energy-efficient MAC protocol for wirelesssensor network[A]．Proceedings ofthe INFOCOM 2002[C]．San Francisco，IEEEComputer Society,2002：112-120
[14]王妍,沈国华.Zigbee无线传感器组网技术及其应用[J]舰船电子工程2008,10:32-33.
[15]朱建新,高蕾那，田杰.基于ZigBee技术的老年人房走失装置[J].计算机工程与科学,2009,31(5):144-146.
[16]耿萌于宏毅张效义ZigBee路由协议分析与性能评估[J].计算机工程与应用2007，43(26)：116-120．
[17] Tian He，Chengdu Huang，Brian M Blum．Range－Free localization Schemes inlage Scale Sensor Networks[A]．Proceedings of the 9th annual internationalconference on Mobile computing and networking[C]，San Diego，California，USA：ACM Press，2003:81-95
[18]王权平，王莉，ZigBee技术及其应用[J]，现代电信科技，2004,01:33-37.
[19] ZigBee Alliance．ZigBee Specifications Document 053474r06．Version 1．O，2004，12：29-15.
[20]姚春Zigbee在大数量节点应用中的问题研究[J]微计算机信息，2009，25(2)：3-5.
[21] Texas Instruments. Simple API for Z-Stack [Z]. Austin:TexasInstruments，2007.
[22] 802.15.4 IEEE Std 802.15.4-2003[S].
[23] Zigbee Alliance document [ EB/ OL] . http :PPwww. zigbee. org.
[24]瞿雷，刘盛德，胡咸斌．ZigBee技术及应用[M]．北京：航空航天大学出版社，2007：95-216.
[25]李泉，李战明. ZigBee无线传感网络及其在危险源监控系统中的应用研究.兰州理工大学硕士论文
[26]段渭军,王建刚,王福豹.无线传感器网络节点定位系统与算法的研究和发展[J].信息与控制,2006,35(2):239-245.
[27]黄天祥,王敬东，李鹏.基于LQI和RSSI改进的DV-Hop定位算法[J].计算机与现代化,2009,1(1):76-80.
[28]郑凯,赵宏伟，张孝临.基于ZigBee心电监护网络的定位系统[J].仪器仪表学报,2008,29(5):1000-1005.
[29]夏讷沛，翟超. ZigBee无线定位系统[D]:（硕士学位论文）.中国科学技术大
[30]詹杰,吴伶锡,唐志军等.无线传感器网络RSSI测距方法与精度分析[J].电讯技术,2010,50(4):83-87.
[31] Ping S．Delay Measurement Time Synchronization for Wireless SensorNetworks[R]．Intel Reasarch Berkeley Lab，2003
[32] I.F. Akyildiz, W.Su, Y.San karasubramaniam, E.Cayirci. Wireless sensornetworks:a survey. Computer Networks, 2002.学，2006.
[33] Li J, Li J, Cuo L, et al. Power-Efficient Node Localization Algorithm in WirelessSensor Networks[C].APWeb 2006 International Workshops, Harbin,China.2006,3842:420-430.
[34]Adi Shamir.无线电传播简介：专用术语，室内传播和路径损耗及实例[J].今日电子, 2002:26-30.
[35]朱建新,高蕾娜,张新访.基于距离几何约束的二次加权质心定位算法[J].计算机应用, 2009,29(2):480-483.
[36]张洁颖,王侠等.基于RSSI和LQI的动态距离估计算法[J].电子测量技术,2007,30(2):142-145.
[37]秦霆镐，豆晓强，黄文彬等．ZigBee技术在无线传感器网络中的应用[J].仪表技术，2007，(1)：57-59.
[38]李文仲，段朝玉．zigBee无线网络技术入门与实战[M]．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社．2007：23．
[39]马俊.ZigBee技术的树簇网络监控系统设计.单片机与嵌入式系统应用，2009年第6期
[40]耿萌于宏毅张效义ZigBee路由协议分析与性能评估[J].计算机工程与应用2007，43(26)：116-120．
[41]徐小涛,孙少兰,熊华,田铖.ZigBee无线传感器网络的路由机制2(1) [J].数据通信New Technology l新技术,2009．3
[42]周武斌，罗大庸.ZigBee路由协议的研究[J] .计算机工程与科学,2009年第31卷第6期
[43]王雪．无线传感器网络测量系统[M]．北京：机械工业出版社．2007
[44]刘向文等．无线传感器网络的网关底层驱动的研究[J]．微计算机信息，2008，24(7)：99-101.
[45]范海绍，袁爱娣.无线组网ZigBee规范与芯片编程初探.信息技术.2009
[46]李栋,秦宁宁,徐保国.基于无线传感器网络的嵌入式温室监控系统[J].仪表技术与传感器，2009,(5):41-42.
[47]赵仕俊，张朝晖,丁为.基于ZigBee技术的石油钻井现场无线传感器网络研究[J].石油矿场机械, 2009,38(7):15-19
[48]吴光荣，章剑雄，徐向华．ZigBee网络系统节点硬件设计与实[J]．杭州电子科技大学学报，2008，28(4)：49-52.
[49]郑凯，赵宏伟，张孝临.基于ZigBee网络的心电监护系统的研究[J] ,仪器仪表学报，2008,29(9):1908-1911.
[2]刘宝. ZigBee网络及其在医疗监护系统中的应用研究[D]:（硕士学位论文）.兰州理工大学，2009.
[3]苑囡囡.ZigBee技术在智能家居中的应用[J].吉林工程技术师范学院学报.2009.3
[4]周经凯，麻信洛，霍玲玲，马鑫.智能家居控制系统中的无线技术应用与设计.工业控制计算机，2008年第1期
[5] Yan Dongmei,Dan Zhiguang.ZigBee-based Smart Home system design[J].IEEEComputer Society.2010.8
[6] Niu Dou1, Yang Mei1, Zhao Yanjuan1, Zhang Yan.The networking technologywithin Smart Home system - ZigBee technology[J] .IEEE Computer Society .2009.12
[7]马菁菁. ZigBee无线通信技术在智能家居中的应用研究[J].测试计量技术及仪器,2009 (7) :42-43.
[8]陈莉．基于ZigBee协议的环境监测无线传感器网络测量节点的设计[D]．上海：上海交通大学，2008.
[9]祁长璞,曹小华.无线传感器网络在钢结构监测中的应用[J].微计算机信息,2009 (4) :62-63.
[10]程春荣,毛祥根,武利珍.基于ZigBee技术的水质监测系统[J].电子器件,2009,32(5):942-945.
[11] IEEE802.15.4:Wireless Medium Access Control(MAC)and Physical Layer(PHY)Specificationgs for Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks(LR-WPANs),8September 2006
[12]LAN/MAN Standards Committee.IEEE Std.802.15.4-2003. http://www.51zigbee.com/ bbs/down-list.asp? id=14,2003-10-1
[13] Ye W’Heidemann J，Estrin D．An energy-efficient MAC protocol for wirelesssensor network[A]．Proceedings ofthe INFOCOM 2002[C]．San Francisco，IEEEComputer Society,2002：112-120
[14]王妍,沈国华.Zigbee无线传感器组网技术及其应用[J]舰船电子工程2008,10:32-33.
[15]朱建新,高蕾那，田杰.基于ZigBee技术的老年人房走失装置[J].计算机工程与科学,2009,31(5):144-146.
[16]耿萌于宏毅张效义ZigBee路由协议分析与性能评估[J].计算机工程与应用2007，43(26)：116-120．
[17] Tian He，Chengdu Huang，Brian M Blum．Range－Free localization Schemes inlage Scale Sensor Networks[A]．Proceedings of the 9th annual internationalconference on Mobile computing and networking[C]，San Diego，California，USA：ACM Press，2003:81-95
[18]王权平，王莉，ZigBee技术及其应用[J]，现代电信科技，2004,01:33-37.
[19] ZigBee Alliance．ZigBee Specifications Document 053474r06．Version 1．O，2004，12：29-15.
[20]姚春Zigbee在大数量节点应用中的问题研究[J]微计算机信息，2009，25(2)：3-5.
[21] Texas Instruments. Simple API for Z-Stack [Z]. Austin:TexasInstruments，2007.
[22] 802.15.4 IEEE Std 802.15.4-2003[S].
[23] Zigbee Alliance document [ EB/ OL] . http :PPwww. zigbee. org.
[24]瞿雷，刘盛德，胡咸斌．ZigBee技术及应用[M]．北京：航空航天大学出版社，2007：95-216.
[25]李泉，李战明. ZigBee无线传感网络及其在危险源监控系统中的应用研究.兰州理工大学硕士论文
[26]段渭军,王建刚,王福豹.无线传感器网络节点定位系统与算法的研究和发展[J].信息与控制,2006,35(2):239-245.
[27]黄天祥,王敬东，李鹏.基于LQI和RSSI改进的DV-Hop定位算法[J].计算机与现代化,2009,1(1):76-80.
[28]郑凯,赵宏伟，张孝临.基于ZigBee心电监护网络的定位系统[J].仪器仪表学报,2008,29(5):1000-1005.
[29]夏讷沛，翟超. ZigBee无线定位系统[D]:（硕士学位论文）.中国科学技术大
[30]詹杰,吴伶锡,唐志军等.无线传感器网络RSSI测距方法与精度分析[J].电讯技术,2010,50(4):83-87.
[31] Ping S．Delay Measurement Time Synchronization for Wireless SensorNetworks[R]．Intel Reasarch Berkeley Lab，2003
[32] I.F. Akyildiz, W.Su, Y.San karasubramaniam, E.Cayirci. Wireless sensornetworks:a survey. Computer Networks, 2002.学，2006.
[33] Li J, Li J, Cuo L, et al. Power-Efficient Node Localization Algorithm in WirelessSensor Networks[C].APWeb 2006 International Workshops, Harbin,China.2006,3842:420-430.
[34]Adi Shamir.无线电传播简介：专用术语，室内传播和路径损耗及实例[J].今日电子, 2002:26-30.
[35]朱建新,高蕾娜,张新访.基于距离几何约束的二次加权质心定位算法[J].计算机应用, 2009,29(2):480-483.
[36]张洁颖,王侠等.基于RSSI和LQI的动态距离估计算法[J].电子测量技术,2007,30(2):142-145.
[37]秦霆镐，豆晓强，黄文彬等．ZigBee技术在无线传感器网络中的应用[J].仪表技术，2007，(1)：57-59.
[38]李文仲，段朝玉．zigBee无线网络技术入门与实战[M]．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社．2007：23．
[39]马俊.ZigBee技术的树簇网络监控系统设计.单片机与嵌入式系统应用，2009年第6期
[40]耿萌于宏毅张效义ZigBee路由协议分析与性能评估[J].计算机工程与应用2007，43(26)：116-120．
[41]徐小涛,孙少兰,熊华,田铖.ZigBee无线传感器网络的路由机制2(1) [J].数据通信New Technology l新技术,2009．3
[42]周武斌，罗大庸.ZigBee路由协议的研究[J] .计算机工程与科学,2009年第31卷第6期
[43]王雪．无线传感器网络测量系统[M]．北京：机械工业出版社．2007
[44]刘向文等．无线传感器网络的网关底层驱动的研究[J]．微计算机信息，2008，24(7)：99-101.
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