斜拉桥拉索风雨激振的有限元分析
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摘要
由于大跨度斜拉桥拉索频率低、阻尼小等特点,因此容易诱发各种风致振动,斜拉桥拉索的风雨激振现象便是其中的一种。风雨激振现象是在风和雨的共同作用下,斜拉桥拉索发生的一种具有很大破坏性的激烈的大幅振动。由于发生频繁且危害性大,风雨激振已成为目前世界桥梁抗风研究的难点和热点之一。而风雨激振发生的机理比较复杂,是一种复杂的流固耦合问题,所以它的理论研究进展比较缓慢。
索结构的风雨振研究涉及到流体力学、非线性动力学以及结构力学等多门学科领域,它作为一类特殊的连续体,存在明显的几何非线性等特点。在风雨载荷作用下,由于水线位置的变化导致的索结构气动弹性更加复杂,使得其动力学行为的研究比一般的动力学研究更难,这也是索结构风雨激振的理论研究进展比较缓慢的主要原因之一。本文尝试利用力学分析从流体和固体两个方面对风雨激振的参数机理和气动减振措施进行研究,实现的内容包括:
(1)利用FLUENT软件分析了斜拉桥拉索在不同情况下的流场情况并计算其升阻力系数。
(2)建立了斜拉桥拉索抛物线形状的三维连续体有限元模型,并利用ANSYS对其进行有限元了静力分析和模态分析。考虑到风雨激振影响参数较多,利用FLUENT得到的系数计算其气动力,实现初步的流固耦合,逐步对其每个影响因素进行细化分析并得到相关的变化规律,与实验结果基本相符。
(3)根据风雨激振分析理论,介绍常用的控制与减振措施,利用ANSYS进行数值模拟试验,对阻尼器减振、气动减振和辅助索减振等方法进行动力特性分析,与前面的分析进行对比,探讨各种减振措施合理性,并得到了可行性结论。
Cables in large-span cable-stayed bridge due to low frequency, small damping, easily evoked various wind-induced vibration, the rain-wind induced vibration phenomenon of cables in cable-stayed bridge is one of them. Rain-wind induced vibration induced by the wind and rain in the common role, is very destructive fierce substantial vibration. As rain-wind induced vibration happens frequently and harmfully, it has become one of the world difficult and hot research spots, and that the rain-wind induced vibration mechanism is quite complex, is one kind of intricate FSI problem, so the excitation has relatively slow progress in theoretical research.
Cable structure of rain-wind induced vibration involves fluid dynamics, structural mechanics and nonlinear dynamics, and other subject areas. As a special kind of continuum, there is an obvious characteristic of the non-linear geometry . In the wind and rain load, as water line leading to changes in location of the cable structure, more complex and dynamic behavior makes its research more complicated than the general study of the dynamics, this is the main reason why wind-rain induced vibration research progresse quite slow. The research work considered the fluid and solid aspects, parameters of the rain-wind induced vibration and damping mechanism measures are studied by using mechanics analysis software in this article:
(1) The research work used FLUENT in rain-wind induced vibration under different circumstances to analyse the liquid field and to calculate its lift and drag coefficient.
(2) The paper founded a cable of 3-D continuous parabolic shape finite element model in cable-stayed bridge and used it to make static analysis and mode analysis in ANSYS. It was considered the impact of the rain-wind induced parameters more exciting, used FLUENT to calculate its aerodynamics. The paper initially realized the solid-fluid interaction, gradually researched each of its influencing factors by detailed analysis, and we get the results which match with the experimental data.
(3) According to the rain-wind induced excitation analysis theory, the paper introduced common kinds of control and the damping measures, analyzed several kinds of numerical simulation experiment by using ANSYS, such as the attenuator absorbing vibration, air operated damping and the auxiliary rope damping method and so on, carried on the contrast with the front result, discussed each shock absorption measure rationality, and obtained the feasible conclusions.
索结构的风雨振研究涉及到流体力学、非线性动力学以及结构力学等多门学科领域,它作为一类特殊的连续体,存在明显的几何非线性等特点。在风雨载荷作用下,由于水线位置的变化导致的索结构气动弹性更加复杂,使得其动力学行为的研究比一般的动力学研究更难,这也是索结构风雨激振的理论研究进展比较缓慢的主要原因之一。本文尝试利用力学分析从流体和固体两个方面对风雨激振的参数机理和气动减振措施进行研究,实现的内容包括:
(1)利用FLUENT软件分析了斜拉桥拉索在不同情况下的流场情况并计算其升阻力系数。
(2)建立了斜拉桥拉索抛物线形状的三维连续体有限元模型,并利用ANSYS对其进行有限元了静力分析和模态分析。考虑到风雨激振影响参数较多,利用FLUENT得到的系数计算其气动力,实现初步的流固耦合,逐步对其每个影响因素进行细化分析并得到相关的变化规律,与实验结果基本相符。
(3)根据风雨激振分析理论,介绍常用的控制与减振措施,利用ANSYS进行数值模拟试验,对阻尼器减振、气动减振和辅助索减振等方法进行动力特性分析,与前面的分析进行对比,探讨各种减振措施合理性,并得到了可行性结论。
Cables in large-span cable-stayed bridge due to low frequency, small damping, easily evoked various wind-induced vibration, the rain-wind induced vibration phenomenon of cables in cable-stayed bridge is one of them. Rain-wind induced vibration induced by the wind and rain in the common role, is very destructive fierce substantial vibration. As rain-wind induced vibration happens frequently and harmfully, it has become one of the world difficult and hot research spots, and that the rain-wind induced vibration mechanism is quite complex, is one kind of intricate FSI problem, so the excitation has relatively slow progress in theoretical research.
Cable structure of rain-wind induced vibration involves fluid dynamics, structural mechanics and nonlinear dynamics, and other subject areas. As a special kind of continuum, there is an obvious characteristic of the non-linear geometry . In the wind and rain load, as water line leading to changes in location of the cable structure, more complex and dynamic behavior makes its research more complicated than the general study of the dynamics, this is the main reason why wind-rain induced vibration research progresse quite slow. The research work considered the fluid and solid aspects, parameters of the rain-wind induced vibration and damping mechanism measures are studied by using mechanics analysis software in this article:
(1) The research work used FLUENT in rain-wind induced vibration under different circumstances to analyse the liquid field and to calculate its lift and drag coefficient.
(2) The paper founded a cable of 3-D continuous parabolic shape finite element model in cable-stayed bridge and used it to make static analysis and mode analysis in ANSYS. It was considered the impact of the rain-wind induced parameters more exciting, used FLUENT to calculate its aerodynamics. The paper initially realized the solid-fluid interaction, gradually researched each of its influencing factors by detailed analysis, and we get the results which match with the experimental data.
(3) According to the rain-wind induced excitation analysis theory, the paper introduced common kinds of control and the damping measures, analyzed several kinds of numerical simulation experiment by using ANSYS, such as the attenuator absorbing vibration, air operated damping and the auxiliary rope damping method and so on, carried on the contrast with the front result, discussed each shock absorption measure rationality, and obtained the feasible conclusions.
引文
[1]项海帆.现代桥梁抗风理论与实践[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2005:14-18.
[2]陈政清.桥梁风工程[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2005:19-26.
[3] Yamaguchi H. Analytical study on growth mechanism of rain vibration of cable[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerdynamics, 1990, 33: 73-80.
[4]顾明,李寿英,杜晓庆.斜拉桥拉索风雨激振理论模型和机理研究[J].空气动力学学报,2007,25(2):169-174.
[5]韩占忠,王敬,兰小平. FLUENT流体工程仿真计算实例与应用[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2004:25-38.
[6]杜晓庆.斜拉桥拉索风雨激振研究[D].上海:同济大学,2003.
[7]何学军.索结构风振非线性动力学行为研究[D].天津:天津大学,2007.
[8] Den Hartog J P. Mechanical Vibrations[M]. New York: 4th edn. McGraw-Hill Dover Edition,1956.
[9] Wang X Y, Ni Y Q , Ko J M. Optimal design of viscous dampers for multi-mode vibration control of bridge cables[J]. Engineering Structures, 2005, 27: 792-800.
[10]杜晓庆,顾明.斜拉索上雨线的气动力特性的试验研究[J].同济大学学报,2005,33(5):585-589.
[11]顾明,杜晓庆.斜拉桥三维拉索风雨激振准两自由度模型[J].力学季刊,2004,25(4):496-501.
[12]李寿英,顾明.带固定人工水线拉索绕流的数值模拟[J].同济大学学报,2004,32(10):1334-1338.
[13]李寿英,顾明.阻尼器对拉索风雨激振的控制效果研究[C].第十二届全国结构风工程学术会议论文集,西安:2005,785-791.
[14]李寿英,顾明,陈政清.准运动水线三维连续弹性拉索风雨激振理论模型[J].工程力学学报,2007,24(7):7-14.
[15]陈政清,曹宏,禹见达等.磁流变阻尼器在洪山大桥拉索减振中的应用[J].中南公路工程,2005,30(4):27-31.
[16]陈政清.斜拉索风雨振现场观测与振动控制[J].建筑科学与工程学报,2005,22(4):5-10.
[17]禹见达,陈政清,王修勇等.基于现场观测的拉索风雨振特性研究[J].湖南科技大学学报,2006,21(2):22-24.
[18]王修勇,陈政清,倪一清.斜拉索-磁流变阻尼器系统半主动控制的神经网络法[J].振动与冲击,2003,23(4):49-53.
[19] Hikami Y, Shiraishi N. Rain - wind induced vibrations of cables in cable stayed bridges[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerdynamics, 1988, 29: 409-418.
[20] Wilde K, Witkowski W. Simple model of rain-wind induced vibrations of stayed cables[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2003, 91: 873-891.
[21] Masaru Matsumoto, Shiraishi N, and Shirato H. Rain–wind induced vibration of cables of cable-stayed bridges[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 1992, 41-43: 2011-2022.
[22] Olivier Flamand. Rain-wind induced vibration of cables[J]. Industrial Aerodynamics, 1995, 57: 353-362.
[23] Gu Ming, Lu Qiang. Theoretical analysis of wind-rain induced vibration of cables of cable-stayed bridges[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2001, 89: 125-128.
[24] Gu Ming, Du Xiaoqin. Experimental investigation of rain–wind-induced vibration of cables in cable-stayed bridges and its mitigation[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2005, 93: 79-95.
[25]顾明,李寿英,杜晓庆.斜拉桥拉索风雨激振理论模型和机理研究[J].空气动力学学报,2007,25(2):169-174.
[26]刘慈军.斜拉桥拉索风致振动研究[D].上海:同济大学,1999.
[27]彭天波.斜拉桥拉索风雨激振的机理研究[D].上海:同济大学,2000.
[28]吕强.斜拉桥拉索风雨激振的理论研究[D].上海:同济大学,2001.
[29]黄麟.斜拉桥拉索风雨激振的稳定性研究[D].上海:同济大学,2002.
[30] Peil U, Dreyer O. Rain-wind induced vibrations of cables in laminar and turbulent flow[J]. Wind and Structures, 2007, 10(1): 83-97.
[31]顾明,李寿英,杜晓庆.斜拉桥拉索风雨激振理论模型和机理研究,空气动力学学报[J]. 2007,25(2):169-174.
[32]王修勇,陈政清,高赞明等.磁流变阻尼器对斜拉索振动控制研究[J].工程力学, 2002,19(6):22-28.
[33] Chen Z Q. MR damping system on DongTing Lake cable-stayed bridge[C]. Proceedings of SPIE—The International Society for Optical Engineering, 2003, 5057: 229-235.
[34] Matsumoto M, Shiraishi N. Aerodynamics behaviour of inclined circular cylinders cable aerodynamics[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 1990, 33(11): 63-72.
[35] Matsumoto M. Response characteristics of rain-wind induced vibration of stay-cable of cable-stayed bridges[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 1995, 57: 323-333.
[36]王福军.计算流体动力学分析-CFD软件原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004,9-48.
[37]博弈工作室. APDL参数化有限元分析技术[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004,97-108.
[38]周宁. ANSYS-APDL高级工程应用实例分析与二次开发[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2007,47-61.
[39]王呼佳,陈洪军. ANSYS工程分析进阶实例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006,223-243.
[40]郝文化. ANSYS土木工程应用实例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005,169-182.
[41]王瑞金,张凯,王刚. FLUENT技术基础与应用实例[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007,91-117.
[42]覃虹.斜拉索风致振动及抑振措施的研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2005.
[43]曹丰产,项海帆.圆柱非定常绕流及涡致振动的数值计算[J].水动力学研究与进展,2001,16(1):111-117.
[44]刘松,符松.纵向受迫振荡圆柱绕流问题的数值模拟[J].计算物理,2001,18(2):157-162.
[45]陆新征,叶列平,马千里等. CFRP索流固耦合风振研究[C].第十二届全国结构风工程学术会议论文集,西安:2005,69-75.
[46]黄本才.结构抗风分析原理及应用[M].上海:同济大学出版社, 2001 ,64-79.
[47]吴瑾,夏逸鸣,张丽芳.土木工程结构抗风设计[M].北京科学出版社:2007, 98-121.
[48]徐鹤山. ANSYS在建筑工程中的应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005, 129-146.
[49]王勖成.有限单元法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003,617-654.
[50] Yamaguchi H, Md Alauddin. Control of cable vibrations using secondary cable with special reference to nonlinearity and interaction[J]. Engineering Structures, 2003, 25: 801-816.
[2]陈政清.桥梁风工程[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2005:19-26.
[3] Yamaguchi H. Analytical study on growth mechanism of rain vibration of cable[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerdynamics, 1990, 33: 73-80.
[4]顾明,李寿英,杜晓庆.斜拉桥拉索风雨激振理论模型和机理研究[J].空气动力学学报,2007,25(2):169-174.
[5]韩占忠,王敬,兰小平. FLUENT流体工程仿真计算实例与应用[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2004:25-38.
[6]杜晓庆.斜拉桥拉索风雨激振研究[D].上海:同济大学,2003.
[7]何学军.索结构风振非线性动力学行为研究[D].天津:天津大学,2007.
[8] Den Hartog J P. Mechanical Vibrations[M]. New York: 4th edn. McGraw-Hill Dover Edition,1956.
[9] Wang X Y, Ni Y Q , Ko J M. Optimal design of viscous dampers for multi-mode vibration control of bridge cables[J]. Engineering Structures, 2005, 27: 792-800.
[10]杜晓庆,顾明.斜拉索上雨线的气动力特性的试验研究[J].同济大学学报,2005,33(5):585-589.
[11]顾明,杜晓庆.斜拉桥三维拉索风雨激振准两自由度模型[J].力学季刊,2004,25(4):496-501.
[12]李寿英,顾明.带固定人工水线拉索绕流的数值模拟[J].同济大学学报,2004,32(10):1334-1338.
[13]李寿英,顾明.阻尼器对拉索风雨激振的控制效果研究[C].第十二届全国结构风工程学术会议论文集,西安:2005,785-791.
[14]李寿英,顾明,陈政清.准运动水线三维连续弹性拉索风雨激振理论模型[J].工程力学学报,2007,24(7):7-14.
[15]陈政清,曹宏,禹见达等.磁流变阻尼器在洪山大桥拉索减振中的应用[J].中南公路工程,2005,30(4):27-31.
[16]陈政清.斜拉索风雨振现场观测与振动控制[J].建筑科学与工程学报,2005,22(4):5-10.
[17]禹见达,陈政清,王修勇等.基于现场观测的拉索风雨振特性研究[J].湖南科技大学学报,2006,21(2):22-24.
[18]王修勇,陈政清,倪一清.斜拉索-磁流变阻尼器系统半主动控制的神经网络法[J].振动与冲击,2003,23(4):49-53.
[19] Hikami Y, Shiraishi N. Rain - wind induced vibrations of cables in cable stayed bridges[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerdynamics, 1988, 29: 409-418.
[20] Wilde K, Witkowski W. Simple model of rain-wind induced vibrations of stayed cables[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2003, 91: 873-891.
[21] Masaru Matsumoto, Shiraishi N, and Shirato H. Rain–wind induced vibration of cables of cable-stayed bridges[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 1992, 41-43: 2011-2022.
[22] Olivier Flamand. Rain-wind induced vibration of cables[J]. Industrial Aerodynamics, 1995, 57: 353-362.
[23] Gu Ming, Lu Qiang. Theoretical analysis of wind-rain induced vibration of cables of cable-stayed bridges[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2001, 89: 125-128.
[24] Gu Ming, Du Xiaoqin. Experimental investigation of rain–wind-induced vibration of cables in cable-stayed bridges and its mitigation[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2005, 93: 79-95.
[25]顾明,李寿英,杜晓庆.斜拉桥拉索风雨激振理论模型和机理研究[J].空气动力学学报,2007,25(2):169-174.
[26]刘慈军.斜拉桥拉索风致振动研究[D].上海:同济大学,1999.
[27]彭天波.斜拉桥拉索风雨激振的机理研究[D].上海:同济大学,2000.
[28]吕强.斜拉桥拉索风雨激振的理论研究[D].上海:同济大学,2001.
[29]黄麟.斜拉桥拉索风雨激振的稳定性研究[D].上海:同济大学,2002.
[30] Peil U, Dreyer O. Rain-wind induced vibrations of cables in laminar and turbulent flow[J]. Wind and Structures, 2007, 10(1): 83-97.
[31]顾明,李寿英,杜晓庆.斜拉桥拉索风雨激振理论模型和机理研究,空气动力学学报[J]. 2007,25(2):169-174.
[32]王修勇,陈政清,高赞明等.磁流变阻尼器对斜拉索振动控制研究[J].工程力学, 2002,19(6):22-28.
[33] Chen Z Q. MR damping system on DongTing Lake cable-stayed bridge[C]. Proceedings of SPIE—The International Society for Optical Engineering, 2003, 5057: 229-235.
[34] Matsumoto M, Shiraishi N. Aerodynamics behaviour of inclined circular cylinders cable aerodynamics[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 1990, 33(11): 63-72.
[35] Matsumoto M. Response characteristics of rain-wind induced vibration of stay-cable of cable-stayed bridges[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 1995, 57: 323-333.
[36]王福军.计算流体动力学分析-CFD软件原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004,9-48.
[37]博弈工作室. APDL参数化有限元分析技术[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004,97-108.
[38]周宁. ANSYS-APDL高级工程应用实例分析与二次开发[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2007,47-61.
[39]王呼佳,陈洪军. ANSYS工程分析进阶实例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006,223-243.
[40]郝文化. ANSYS土木工程应用实例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005,169-182.
[41]王瑞金,张凯,王刚. FLUENT技术基础与应用实例[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007,91-117.
[42]覃虹.斜拉索风致振动及抑振措施的研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2005.
[43]曹丰产,项海帆.圆柱非定常绕流及涡致振动的数值计算[J].水动力学研究与进展,2001,16(1):111-117.
[44]刘松,符松.纵向受迫振荡圆柱绕流问题的数值模拟[J].计算物理,2001,18(2):157-162.
[45]陆新征,叶列平,马千里等. CFRP索流固耦合风振研究[C].第十二届全国结构风工程学术会议论文集,西安:2005,69-75.
[46]黄本才.结构抗风分析原理及应用[M].上海:同济大学出版社, 2001 ,64-79.
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