LD泵浦掺钕晶体的脉冲激光特性研究
|
摘要
目前,全固态激光器以其独特的优势在激光领域中占主要地位,在军事国防、科学研究、通讯科技、工农业生产和医疗机械等领域都有广泛应用,在激光领域中占有极其重要的地位。激光晶体作为众多激光介质中的一种,因为其结构上的完整性以及其物理参数上的广泛性,使得它有着层出不穷的性质,成为激光介质中最有前途的种类之一。掺钕激光晶体因为是较早被使用的激光晶体之一,直到现在一直都有着广泛的应用。本论文就是以掺钕激光晶体为研究对象,用二极管泵浦全固态激光器作为泵源,通过不同的调制方式,从理论和实验两个方面实现了二极管泵浦Nd:YAG晶体1064 nm声光调Q、Cr~(4+):YAG饱和吸收体被动调Q和声光-被动双调Q激光器的运转输出;用尖晶石(Co~(2+):MgAl_2O_4)可饱和吸收体作为被动调Q晶体,实现Nd:GdVO_4晶体1.34μm被动调Q激光器的运转输出以及使用单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs)作为可饱和吸收体,Nd:YVO_4晶体作为增益介质,实现高功率高效率的连续锁模运转激光器的实验研究。目的就是为了探究掺钕激光器的脉冲输出特性,得到更窄脉冲、更高峰值功率、更高效率和更高稳定性的脉冲输出。主要内容概括如下:
1.介绍三种常用于二极管泵浦全固态激光器的激光晶体:Nd:YAG、Nd:GdVO_4和Nd:YVO_4以及三种饱和吸收体:Cr~(4+):YAG、Co~(2+):MgAl_2O_4和SWCNTs的机械性能、热性能和光学特性。并简要概括了他们在二极管全固态激光器中的研究现状以及应用现状。
2.用二极管泵浦全固态激光器作为泵源,用Nd:YAG晶体作为增益介质采用不同方式进行1064 nm脉冲激光输出的实验研究。首先以调Q技术基本理论作为基础,采用声光调Q、Cr~(4+):YAG被动调Q和声光-Cr~(4+):YAG双调Q三种方式分别进行实验,实验均采用平凹腔设计。实验结果证明,双调Q方式可以更好的压缩脉宽,获得窄脉宽、高峰值功率的脉冲输出。最短脉冲宽度为8 ns,对应平均输出功率为1.894 W,最大峰值功率为23.6 kW。
3.以1.34μm被动调Q理论为作为基础,采用Co~(2+):MgAl_2O_4可饱和吸收体作为被动调Q元件,用二极管泵浦全固态激光器作为泵源,通过实验实现了对Nd:GdVO_4晶体1.34μm的脉冲激光输出特性的实验研究。实验采用平凹腔的简单结构,通过三种不同透过率的输出镜对激光输出进行比较分析,并对实验出现的现象进行理论分析,最终得到了最短脉冲110 ns的激光输出。
4.以锁模技术作为理论基础,用SWCNTs这种新型饱和吸收体作为被动锁模元件,用二极管泵浦全固态激光器作为泵源,进行了Nd:YVO_4/SWCNTs连续锁模激光器脉冲激光输出特性的实验研究。本文还对产生锁模的条件进行了理论计算,在理论上证明:此实验装置在泵浦功率达到一定值时可以产生连续锁模激光输出。在泵浦功率为12 W,重复频率为96 MHz的条件下,得到了脉冲宽度为7.6 ps,平均输出功率为3.6 W,峰值功率为4.9 kW的高功率、稳定的连续锁模激光输出。
Diode-pumped solid-state lasers have become a focus in the field of lasers research. Because they have many advantages, such as high stability, high efficiency, high power, compactness, and long lifetime and so on. They have been widely used in many fields such as military, scientific research, medical treatment, and photoelectrics industry and so on. In this paper, we have made experimental research around diode-pumped solid state doped with neodymium by the two methods of Q-switched and mode-locked. We have achieved the aim of laser pulse with short duration, high efficiency, high peak power, high stability. The main content can be generalized as follows:
1. We introduced the properties of laser crystals doped with neodymium such as Nd:YAG, Nd:GdVO_4, Nd:YVO_4. Cr~(4+):YAG, Co~(2+):MgAl_2O_4 (Co~(2+):MALO) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are three kinds of the saturable absorbers. The properties and the applications of them were introducted. The applications of diode-pumped solid state lasers doped with neodymium are simple reviewed.
2. The theory of the Q-switched lasers was given in this paper. A diode-pumped Nd:YAG Q-switched lasers at 1064nm with an acoustic-optical modulator (AO), Cr~(4+):YAG saturable absorber and both of them in the cavity were demonstrated. Under the doubly Q-switched laser operation, the laser generated stable pulse width of 8ns with the average output power of 1.894 W. The maximum peak power was 23.6 kW.
3. Basing on the theory of passively Q-switched laser at 1.34μm, passively Q-switched output of a diode-pumped Nd:GdVO_4 laser at 1.34μm by using Co~(2+):MgAl_2O_4 crystal as the saturable absorber was demonstrated. Compared with the pulse characteristics by using different transmissions of output mirror, we have demonstrated the shortest pulse width when the transmission of output mirror is 15 %. The shortest pulse width is 110ns.
4. The principle of the mode locked lasers was given in this paper. By using SWCNTs as the saturable absorber, we have demonstrated a high power Nd:YVO_4 mode-locked laser. The pulse laser with pulse duration of 7.6 ps and a repetition rate of 96 MHz has been obtained. The maximum average output power is 3.6 W under the pump power of 12 W. The peak power and the single pulse energy are high to 4.9 kW and 36 nJ, respectively.
1.介绍三种常用于二极管泵浦全固态激光器的激光晶体:Nd:YAG、Nd:GdVO_4和Nd:YVO_4以及三种饱和吸收体:Cr~(4+):YAG、Co~(2+):MgAl_2O_4和SWCNTs的机械性能、热性能和光学特性。并简要概括了他们在二极管全固态激光器中的研究现状以及应用现状。
2.用二极管泵浦全固态激光器作为泵源,用Nd:YAG晶体作为增益介质采用不同方式进行1064 nm脉冲激光输出的实验研究。首先以调Q技术基本理论作为基础,采用声光调Q、Cr~(4+):YAG被动调Q和声光-Cr~(4+):YAG双调Q三种方式分别进行实验,实验均采用平凹腔设计。实验结果证明,双调Q方式可以更好的压缩脉宽,获得窄脉宽、高峰值功率的脉冲输出。最短脉冲宽度为8 ns,对应平均输出功率为1.894 W,最大峰值功率为23.6 kW。
3.以1.34μm被动调Q理论为作为基础,采用Co~(2+):MgAl_2O_4可饱和吸收体作为被动调Q元件,用二极管泵浦全固态激光器作为泵源,通过实验实现了对Nd:GdVO_4晶体1.34μm的脉冲激光输出特性的实验研究。实验采用平凹腔的简单结构,通过三种不同透过率的输出镜对激光输出进行比较分析,并对实验出现的现象进行理论分析,最终得到了最短脉冲110 ns的激光输出。
4.以锁模技术作为理论基础,用SWCNTs这种新型饱和吸收体作为被动锁模元件,用二极管泵浦全固态激光器作为泵源,进行了Nd:YVO_4/SWCNTs连续锁模激光器脉冲激光输出特性的实验研究。本文还对产生锁模的条件进行了理论计算,在理论上证明:此实验装置在泵浦功率达到一定值时可以产生连续锁模激光输出。在泵浦功率为12 W,重复频率为96 MHz的条件下,得到了脉冲宽度为7.6 ps,平均输出功率为3.6 W,峰值功率为4.9 kW的高功率、稳定的连续锁模激光输出。
Diode-pumped solid-state lasers have become a focus in the field of lasers research. Because they have many advantages, such as high stability, high efficiency, high power, compactness, and long lifetime and so on. They have been widely used in many fields such as military, scientific research, medical treatment, and photoelectrics industry and so on. In this paper, we have made experimental research around diode-pumped solid state doped with neodymium by the two methods of Q-switched and mode-locked. We have achieved the aim of laser pulse with short duration, high efficiency, high peak power, high stability. The main content can be generalized as follows:
1. We introduced the properties of laser crystals doped with neodymium such as Nd:YAG, Nd:GdVO_4, Nd:YVO_4. Cr~(4+):YAG, Co~(2+):MgAl_2O_4 (Co~(2+):MALO) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are three kinds of the saturable absorbers. The properties and the applications of them were introducted. The applications of diode-pumped solid state lasers doped with neodymium are simple reviewed.
2. The theory of the Q-switched lasers was given in this paper. A diode-pumped Nd:YAG Q-switched lasers at 1064nm with an acoustic-optical modulator (AO), Cr~(4+):YAG saturable absorber and both of them in the cavity were demonstrated. Under the doubly Q-switched laser operation, the laser generated stable pulse width of 8ns with the average output power of 1.894 W. The maximum peak power was 23.6 kW.
3. Basing on the theory of passively Q-switched laser at 1.34μm, passively Q-switched output of a diode-pumped Nd:GdVO_4 laser at 1.34μm by using Co~(2+):MgAl_2O_4 crystal as the saturable absorber was demonstrated. Compared with the pulse characteristics by using different transmissions of output mirror, we have demonstrated the shortest pulse width when the transmission of output mirror is 15 %. The shortest pulse width is 110ns.
4. The principle of the mode locked lasers was given in this paper. By using SWCNTs as the saturable absorber, we have demonstrated a high power Nd:YVO_4 mode-locked laser. The pulse laser with pulse duration of 7.6 ps and a repetition rate of 96 MHz has been obtained. The maximum average output power is 3.6 W under the pump power of 12 W. The peak power and the single pulse energy are high to 4.9 kW and 36 nJ, respectively.
引文
[1] Roger Newman. Excitation of the Nd~(3+):Fluorescence in CaWO_4 by Recombination adiation in GaAs [J]. Appl. Phys., 1963, 34(1):437-438.
[2]安毓英.常用激光器[J].激光与红外,2002,32(3):201.
[3]李适民等.激光器件原理与设计[M].北京,国防工业出版社,1998.
[4] Moute Ross. YAG Laser Operation by Semiconductor Laser Pumping [J]. Proceeding of the IEEE, 1968, 56(2):196197.
[5] Randall J. St. Pierre, David W. Mordaunt, Hagop Injeyan et al..Diode Array Pumped Kilowatt Laser [J]. IEEE JOURNAL of SELECTED TOPICS INQUANTUM ELECTRONICS, 1997, 3(1):805-807.
[6] Tetsuo Kojima, Susumu Konno, Shuichi Fujikawa et al.. 20-W ultravioled-beam generation by fourth-harmonic generation of an all-solid-state laser [J]. Opt. Lett., 2000, 25(1):58-60.
[7]从征.激光与光电子学进展[J]. 2000,2:46-47.
[8] Zhenhua Cong, Xingyu Zhang, Qingpu Wang, Zhaojun Liu, Xiaohan Chen, Shuzhen Fan, Xiaolei Zhang, Huaijin Zhang, Xutang Tao, and Shutao Li. Theoretical and experimental study on the Nd:YAG/BaWO_4/KTP yellow laser generating 8.3 W output power [J]. Optics Express, 2010, 18(12), 12111-12118.
[9] Fen Bai, Qingpu Wang, Zhaojun Liu, Xingyu Zhang, Wenjia Sun, Xuebin Wan, Ping Li, Guofan Jin, and Huaijin Zhang. Efficient 1.8Applied Physics B.1994,58:373-379.
[13] D. Y. Shen, H. R. Yang, .J. G. Liu etal.. Efficient and compact intracavity frequency-doubled Nd:GdVO_4/KTP laser end-pumped by a fiber-coupled laser diode [J].Applied Physics B. 2001, 72:263-266.
[14] C. Czeranowsky, M. Schmidt, E.Heumann etal.. Continuous wave diode pumped intracavity doubled Nd:GdVO_4 laser with 840mW output power at 456 nm [J]. Optics Communications, 2002, 205:361-365.
[15] W. W. Ge, H. J. Zhang, M. H. Jiang etal.. Pulsed laser output of LD-end-pumped 1.34μm Nd:GdVO_4 laser with Co~(2+):LaMgAl11O19 crystal as saturable absorber [J]. Opt. Exp. 2005, 13:3883.
[16] Kejian Yang, Shengzhi Zhao, Jingliang He, Baitao Zhang, Chunhua Zuo, Guiqiu Li, Dechun Li, and Ming Li. Diode-pumped passively Q-switched and modelocked Nd:GdVO_4 laser at 1.34μm with V:YAG saturable absorber [J]. 2008, 16(25), 20176-20185.
[17] Hristo Iliev, Ivan Buchvarov, Sunao Kurimura, and Valentin Petrov. High-power picosecond Nd:GdVO_4 laser mode locked by SHG in periodically poled stoichiometric lithium tantalite [J]. Optics Letters, 2010, 35(7), 1016-1018.
[18] K. Suzuki, K. Shimomura, A. Eda, and K. Muro. Low noise diode-pumped intracavity doubled laser with off-axially cut Nd:YVO_4 [J]. Opt. Lett., 1994, 19(20):1024.
[19]王长青, Y. T. Chow,孟宪林,邵宗书. Nd:YVO_4晶体的偏振激发荧光光谱及其LD泵浦极光特性[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers(中国激光),1998,25(12):1129.
[20] J. R. Oeonnor. [J].Appl. Phys. Lett. 1966, 9:407.
[21]张宽收等.全固化Nd:YVO_4单频绿光激光器[J].中国激光,1994,A21(8):617-620.
[22]侯玮等.激光二极管泵浦Nd:YVO_4/LBO腔内倍频5.3 W连续波激光器[J]. 2001,21(4):437-439.
[23] Y. X. Fan, J. L. He, Y. G. Wang, etal.. 2-ps passively mode-locked Nd:YVO_4 laser using an output coupling type semiconductor saturable absorber mirror [J]. Appl.Phys. Lett.,2005, 86:101103.
[24] Tao Li, Shengzhi Zhao, Zhuang Zhuo, Kejian Yang, Guiqiu Li, and Dechun Li. Dual-loss-modulated Q-switched and mode-locked YVO_4/Nd:YVO_4/KTP green laser with EO and Cr~(4+):YAG saturable absorber [J]. Optics Express, 2010, 18(10), 10315-10322 .
[25] G. M. Thomas and M. J. Damzen. Passively Q-switched Nd:YVO_4 laser with greater than 11W average power [J]. Optics Express, 2011, 19(5), 4577-4582.
[26] Y. Shimony, Z. Burshtein, Y. Kalisky. Cr~(4+):YAGas passive Q-switch and Brewster plate in a Nd:YAG laser [J]. IEEE J. Quantum Electron., 1995, 31: 1738-1741.
[27] Y. Shimony, Z. Burshtein, A. Ben-Amax, etal. Repetitive Q-switching of a CW Nd:YAG laser using Cr~(4+):YAG saturable absorbers [J]. IEEE J. Quantum Electron., 1996, 32:305-310.
[28] W. Chen, K.Spariosu, R.Stultz. Cr~(4+):GSGG Saturable absorber Q-switched for the ruby laser [J].Opt. Commun., 1993, 104:71-74.
[29] H. Eilers, K. R. Hofman, W. M. Dennis, etal. Saturation of 1.064μm absorptioin Cr,Ca:Y3A15O12 crystals [J]. Appl. Phys. Lett., 1992, 61:2958-2960.
[30] A. Sennaroglu, C. R. Polloek, H. Nathel. Efficient continuous-wave chromium-doped YAG laser [J]. Opt. See. Am. B, 1995, 12:930-937.
[31] S. Kuek, K. Petermann,U. Pohlmann, et al. Near- infrared emission of Cr~(4+) doped gamets:lifetimes, quantum effieieneies, and emission cross section [J]. Phys. Rev.B, 1995, 51:17323-17331.
[32]雷海容,刘宏发,严柏生等.一种新型固体Q开关-Cr~(4+):YAG的实验研究光学学报[J].1996,16:1192-193.
[33]欧阳斌,丁彦华,万小坷等. Cr~(4+):YAG的可饱和吸收特性与被动Q开关性能研究.光学学报[J].1996,16:1665-1670.
[34] T. Dascalu, G. Philipps, H. Weber. Investigation of a Cr~(4+):YAG passive Q-switch in CW Pumped Nd:YAG laser [J]. Opt. Laser Technol., 1997, 29:145-149.
[35] J. J. Degnan. Theory of the optimally coupled Q-switched laser [J]. IEEE J. Quantum Eleetron., 1989, 25:214-220.
[36]余先伦,李载玉,杨伯君等. Cr~(4+):YAG晶体作为激光器增益介质的特性研究[J].量子电子学报,2004,21:811-814.
[37] P. J. Conlon, Y. P. Tong, et al. Passive mode locking and dispersion measurement of a sub-100-fs Cr~(4+):YAG laser [J]. Opt. Lett, 1994, 19(18):1468-1470.
[38] H. Eilers, K. R. Hoffman, W. M. Dennis, et al. Saturation of 1.064nm absorption in Cr,Ca:Y3Al5O12 crystals [J]. Appl. Phys. Lett, 1992, 61:2958.
[39] R. Feldman, Y. Shimony, Z. Burshtein. Passively Q-Switching in Nd:YAG/ Cr~(4+):YAG Monolithic Microchip Laser [J]. Optical Materials, 2003, 24:393-399.
[40]张三军. Q-switched mode-locking in diode-pumped Nd:GdVO_4 laser [D].硕士论文,华东师范大学2004.
[41] K. V. Yumashov. [J]. Appl. Opt. 1999, 38:6343.
[42] K. V. Yumashov, J. A. Denisov, N. N. Posnov, et al. Passive Q-switch performance at 1.34μm (1.5μm) and nonlinear spectroscopy of Co~(2+):MgAl_2O_4 and Co~(2+):LaMgAl11O19 cystal [J]. Appl. Phys. B, 2000, 70:179.
[43] M. M. J. Treaey, T. W. Ebbesen, J. M. Gibson. Exceptionally high Young’s modulus observed for individual carbon nanotubes [J]. Nature 1996, 381 (6584):678-680.
[44] B. I. Yakobson, C. J. Brabee, J. Bemhole. Nanomechanics of carbo ntubes instabilities beyond 1inear response [J]. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1996, 76(14):2511-2514.
[45] J. Hone, M. Whitne and A. Zettl. Thermal conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes [J]. Synthetie Met. 1999, 103(l-3):2498-2499.
[46] S. M. Baehilo, M. S. Strano, C. Kittrell, R. H. Hauge, R. E. Smalley, R. B. Weisman. Structure-assigned optical spectra of single-walled carbon nanotubes [J]. Science, 2002, 298(5602):2361-2366.
[47] M. J. Connell, S. M. Baehilo, C. B. Hufflllan, V. C. Moore, M. S. Strano, E. H. Haroz, etal. Band gap fluorescence from individual single-walled carbon nanotubes [J]. Seience, 2002, 297(558):593-596.
[48] A. Hartschuh, H. N. Pedrosa, L. Novotny, T. D. Krauss. Simultaneous fluorescence and raman scattering from single carbon nanotubes [J]. Seienee, 2003, 301 (5638): 1354-1357
[49] H. Zhang, D. Y. Tang, L. M. Zhao, et al.. Large energy mode locking of anerbium-doped fiber with atomic layer grapheme [J]. Optics Express, 2009, 17:17630-17635.
[50] H. R. Chen, Y. G. Wang, C. Y. Tsai, et al.. High-power passively mode-locked Nd: GdVO_4 laser using single-walled carbon nanotubes as saturable absorber [J]. Optics Letters, 2011, In press.第二章
[1] G. J. Friel, R. S. Conroy, A. J. Kemp, B. D. Sinclairl, and J. M. Ley. Q-switching of a diode-pumped Nd:YVO_4 laser using a quadrupole electro-optic deflector [J]. Appl. Phys. B, 1998, 67:267-270.
[2] Henry Plaessmann, Kevin S. Yamada, Charles E. Rich, and William M. Grossman. Subnanosecond pulse generation from diode-pumped acousto-optically Q-switched solid-state lasers [J]. Appl. Opt., 1993, 32:6616-6619.
[3] J. F. Yang, B. T. Zhang, J. L. He, H. T. Huang, X. L. Dong, J. L. Xu, C. H. Zuo, S. Zhao, X. Q. Yang, G. Qiu, and Z. K. Liu. Intracavity optical parametric oscillator based on GTR-KTP pumped by diode-side-pumped acousto-optically Q-switched Nd:YAG laser [J]. Appl. Phys. B, 2010, 98:49-54.
[4] Zhang Feng-chuan, Fan Xiu-wei, Xue Lin, Chai Hong-liang and He Jing-liang. LD side-pumped intracavity frequency-doubled high power Nd: YAG green laser based on acousto-optic Q-switch [J]. Optoelectron. Lett., 2006, 2:416-418.
[5] De-Yuan Shen Siu-Chung Tam, Yee-Loy Lam and Takao and Kobayashi. Diode Pumped Passively Q-Switched Single Frequency Nd:YAG Lasers [J]. Opt. Rev., 2000, 7:451-454.
[6] P. K. Mukhopadhyay, M. B. Alsous, K. Ranganathan, S. K. Sharma, P. K. Gupta, J. George and T. P. S. Nathan. Simultaneous Q-switching and mode-locking in an intracavity frequency doubled diode-pumped Nd:YVO_4/KTP green laser with Cr~(4+):YAG [J]. Opt. Commun., 2003, 222:399-404.
[7] Y. F. Chen, Y. C. Chen, S. W. Chen and Y. P. Lan. High-power efficient diode-pumped passively Q-switched Nd:YVO_4/KTP/Cr~(4+):YAG eye-safe laser [J].Opt. Commun., 2004, 234:337-342.
[8] Lei Chen, Shengzhi Zhao and Hongming Zhao. Passive Q-switching of a laser-diode-pumped intracavity-frequency-doubling Nd:NYW/KTP laser with GaAs saturable absorber [J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 2003, 35:563-567.
[9] T. T. Kajava and Alexander L. Gaeta. Q switching of a diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser with GaAs [J]. Opt. Lett., 1996, 21:1244-1346.
[10] Qiulin Zhang, Baohua Feng , Dongxiang Zhang , Panming Fu ,Zhiguo Zhang , Zhiwei Zhao , Peizhen Deng, Jun Xu , Xiaodong Xu ,Yonggang Wang and Xiaoyu Ma. Observation of antiphase states in a passively Q-switched multimode microchip Yb:YAG laser with a GaAs saturable absorber [J]. Opt. Commun., 2004, 232:353-356.
[11] K. Cheng, S.Z. Zhao, Y.F. Li, G.Q. Li, D.C. Li, K.J. Yang, J. An, G. Zhang, H.B. Ge and Z.G. Yu. Diode–pumped doubly Q-switched Nd:LuVO_4 laser with AO modulator an GaAs saturable absorber [J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 2010, 42: 198-201.
[12] T. Li, S. Zhao, Z. Zhuo, K. Yang, D. Li and G. Li. 532 nm diode-pumped doubly Q-switched Nd:YVO_4/KTP laser with electro-optic modulator and GaAs saturable absorber [J]. Appl. Phys. B, 2009, 97:781-786.
[13] Wei Wu, Guiqiu Li, Shengzhi Zhao and Kejian Yang. Pulse width reduction in diode-pumped, doubly Q-switched Nd:GdVO_4/KTP green laser [J]. CHINESE OPTICS LETTERS, 2005, 3:402-404.
[14] G. Wang, S. Liu, L. Li, S. Liu, M. Liu, and J. Liu. Diode-Pumped Doubly Q-Switched Nd:GdVO_4 Laser [J].Laser Phys., 2007, 17, 1349-1352.
[15] GAO Li-yan, XU Zheng and SUN Qin-jun. Study on diode-pumped Nd:GdVO_4/KTP doubly Q-switched green laser [J]. J. of Optoelectronics·Laser, 2009, 20, 874 (in Chinese)
[16] LIU Min , LIU Shu-shan , LI Lei , WANG Wei-wei , CHEN Fei and LIU Jie. Diode-pumped double passively Q-switched Nd:GdVO_4 laser [J]. Optoelectron. Lett., 2008, 4, 331-334.
[17] R.W.Hellwarth. [J]. Advances in Quantum Electronics.1961:334-341.
[18] F. J. McCling, R. W. Hellwarth. Giant optical pulsations from ruby [J].Appl. Phys., 1962, 33:828-829.
[19]蓝信钜等.激光技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.
[20] [美]W.克希耐尔.固体激光工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[21] G. J. Spühler, R. Raschotta, R. Fluck, et al. [J]. Opt. Soc. Am. B., 1999,16(3):376-388
[22]张小洁,杨杰. [J].中国激光,1992,19(4):241-246.
[23] D. C. Li, S. Z. Zhao, G. Q. Li, etal. [J]. IEEE J. Quantum Electron., 2006, 42(5-6):500-508.
[24] K. Yang, S. Zhao, G. Li, et al. Pulse compression in AO Q-switched diode-pumped Nd: GdVO_4 laser with Cr~(4+): YAG saturable absorber [J]. Appl. Phys. B, 2005, 80(3):687-692.
[25] W. Koechner. Solid-state laser Engineering [M]. Beijing:Science Press, 1983, 424- 434.
[26]过巳吉.非线性光学[M]..西安:西北电讯工程学院出版社,1986,157-203.
[27] J. J. Degnan. Optimization of passively Q-switched lasers [J]. IEEE J. Quanium Eleetron., 1995, 31, 1890-1901.
[28] X. Zhang, S. Zhao, Q. Wang, Q. Zhang, L. Sun and S. Zhang. Optimization of Cr~(4+)-doped saturable absorber Q-switched lasers [J]. IEEE J. Quant.Eleetron., 1997, 33, 2286-2294.
[29] H. Sakai, H. Kan, and T. Taira. 1MW peak power single-mode high brightness passively Q-switched Nd:YAG microchip laser [J]. Opt. Exp., 2008, 16, 19891- 19899.
[30] G. J. Spuhler, R.Pasehotta, R. Fluek, B. Braun, M. Moser, G. Zhang, E. Gini and U. Keller. Experimentally confirmed design guide lines for passively Q-switehed microchip lasers using semiconductor saturable absorbers [J]. J. Opt. Aoc. Am. B. 1999, 16, 376-388.
[31]J. J. Zayhowski, and P. L. Kelley. Optimization of Q-switched lasers [J]. IEEE J. Quantum Electron., 1991, 27, 2220-2225.
[32] Dechun Li, Shengzhi Zhao, Guiqiu Li, etal [J]. IEEE J.Quantum Electron., 2006,42(5-6):500-508.
[1] J. Liu, B. Ozygus, J. Erhard, A. Ding et al. Diode-pumped cw and Q-switched Nd: GdVO_4 laser operating at 1.34μm [J]. Optical and Quantum Electronics, 2003, 35:811-824.
[2] H. T. Huang, J. L. He, C. H. Zuo, H. J. Zhang, J. Y. Wang, Y. Liu, and H. T. Wang. Co~(2+):LMA crystal as saturable absorberfor a diode-pumped passively Q-switched Nd:YVO_4 laser at 1342 nm [J]. Appl. Phys. B 2007, 89, 319-321.
[3] P. Li, Y. F. Li, Y. M. Sun, and X. Y. Hou. Nd:YxGd1-xVO_4 laser with Co~(2+):LaMgAl11O19 saturable absorber [J].Opt. Express. 2006, 14, 7730-7736.
[4] W. W. Ge, H. J. Zhang, J. Y. Wang, X. F. Cheng, M. H. Jiang, C. L. Du, and S. C. Yuan. Pulsed laser output of LD-end-pumped 1.34μm Nd: GdVO_4 laser with Co: LaMgAl11O19 crystal as saturable absorber [J]. Opt. Express, 2005, 13, 3883-3889.
[5] F. Q. Liu, J. L. He, J. L. Xu, J. F. Yang, B. T. Zhang, H. T. Huang, C. Y. Gao, J. Q. Xu and H. J. Zhang. Passive Q-switching performance with Co:LMA crystal in a diode-pumped Nd:LuVO_4 laser [J]. Laser Phys., 2010, 20, 786-789.
[6] I. A. Denisov, M. I. Demchuk, N. V. Kuleshov, and K. V. Yumashev. Co~(2+):LiGa5O8 saturable absorber passive Q switch for 1.34μm Nd~(3+):YAlO3 and 1.54μm Er3+:glass lasers [J]. Appl. Phys. Lett., 2000, 77, 2455-2457.
[7] K. V. Yumashev. Saturable absorber Co~(2+):MgAl_2O_4 crystal for Q switching of 1.34μm Nd~(3+):YAlO3 and 1.54μm Er3+:glass lasers [J]. Appl. Opt. 1999, 38, 6343-6346.
[8] H. T. Huang, B. T. Zhang, J. L. He, J. F. Yang, J. L. Xu, X. Q. Yang, C. H. Zuo, and S. Zhao. Diode-pumped passively Q-switched Nd:Gd0.5Y0.5VO_4 laser at 1.34μm with V3+: YAG as the saturable absorber [J].Opt. Express, 2009, 17, 6946-6951.
[9] B. T. Zhang, J. F. Yang, J. L. He, H. T. Huang, S. D. Liu, J. L. Xu, F. Q. Liu, Y. C. Zhi, and X. T. Tao. Diode-end-pumped passively Q-switched 1.33μmNd:Gd_3AlxGa_(5-x)O_(12) laser with V3+: YAG saturable absorber [J]. Opt. Express, 2010, 18, 12052-12058.
[10] J. Ma, Y. Li, Y. Sun, H. Qi, R. Lan, and X. Hou. Analysis of a laser-diode end-pumped passively Q-switched Nd:GdVO_4 laser with V3+:YAG saturable absorber [J]. Laser Phys., 2009, 19, 384-388.
[11] J. Ma, Y. Xu, P. Zhao and D. Liu. A laser-diode end-pumped passively Q-switched intracavity doubling Nd:GdVO_4/KTP red laser with V3+:YAG saturable absorber [J]. Laser Phys., 2010, 20, 1703-1706.
[12]C. Xu, G. Li, S. Zhao, X. Li, K. Cheng, G. Zhang, and T. Li. LD-pumped passively Q-switched Nd:GdVO_4 laser at 1342 nm with high initial transmission V:YAG saturable absorber [J]. Laser Phys., 2010, 20, 1335-1340.
[13]张恒利博士论文[D].第四章
[1] Y. X. Fan, J. L. He, Y. G. Wang, Sh. Liu, and H. T. Wang. 2-ps passively mode-locked Nd:YVO_4 laser using an output-coupling-type semiconductor saturable absorber mirror [J]. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2005, 86, 101103.
[2] G. Q. Xie, D.Y. Tang, W. D. Tan, H. Luo, S. Y. Guo, H. H. Yu, H. J. Zhang. Diode-pumped passively mode-locked Nd:CTGG disordered crystal laser [J]. Appl Phys B, 2009, 95, 691-695.
[3] H. H. Yu, H. J. Zhang, D. Y. Tang, Z. P. Wang, J. Y. Wang, Y. G. Yu, G. Q. Xie, H. Luo, M. H. Jiang. Diode-end-pumped passively mode-locked Nd:LuVO_4 laser with a semiconductor saturable-absorber mirror [J]. Appl. Phys. B, 2008, 91, 425-428.
[4] J. L. Xu, J. L. He, H. T. Huang, S. D. Liu, F. Q. Liu, J. F. Yang, B. T. Zhang, K. J. Yang, C. Y. Tu, Y. Wang, and F. G. Yang. Generation of 244-fs pulse at 1044.7 nm by a diode-pumped mode-locked Yb:Y2Ca3(BO3)4 laser [J]. Laser Phys. Lett., 2011, 8, 24.
[5] B. Y. Zhang, G. Li, M. Chen, Zh. G. Zhang, and Y. G. Wang. Passive mode locking of a diode-end-pumped Nd:GdVO_4 laser with a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror [J]. Opt. Lett., 2003, 28, 1829-1831.
[6] J. L. He, Y. X. Fan, J. Du, Y. G. Wang, Sh. Liu, H. T. Wang, L. H. Zhang, and Y. Hang. 4-ps passively mode-locked Nd:Gd0.5Y0.5VO_4 laser with a semiconductor saturable-absorber mirror [J]. Opt. Lett., 2004, 29, 2803-2805.
[7] S. P. Ng, D. Y. Tang, J. Kong, L. J. Qin, X. L. Meng, and Z. J. Xiong. Q-switched and continuous mode-locking of a diode-pumped Nd:Gd0.64Y0.36VO_4-Cr~(4+):YAG laser [J]. Appl. Phys. B. 2005, 81, 511-515.
[8] P. K. Mukhopadhyay, M. B. Alsous, K. Ranganathan S. K. Sharma, P. K. Gupta, J. George and T. P. S. Nathan. Simultaneous Q-switching and mode-locking in an intracavity frequency doubled diode-pumped Nd:YVO_4/KTP green laser with Cr~(4+):YAG [J]. Opt. Commun., 2003, 222, 399-404.
[9] A. Haus. Parameter ranges for cw passive modeloeking [J]. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 1976, 12, 169-176.
[10] C. H?nninger, R. Paschotta, F. Morier-Genoud, M. Moser, and U. Keller. Q-switching stability limits of continuous-wave passive mode locking [J]. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B. 1999, 16, 46-56.
[2]安毓英.常用激光器[J].激光与红外,2002,32(3):201.
[3]李适民等.激光器件原理与设计[M].北京,国防工业出版社,1998.
[4] Moute Ross. YAG Laser Operation by Semiconductor Laser Pumping [J]. Proceeding of the IEEE, 1968, 56(2):196197.
[5] Randall J. St. Pierre, David W. Mordaunt, Hagop Injeyan et al..Diode Array Pumped Kilowatt Laser [J]. IEEE JOURNAL of SELECTED TOPICS INQUANTUM ELECTRONICS, 1997, 3(1):805-807.
[6] Tetsuo Kojima, Susumu Konno, Shuichi Fujikawa et al.. 20-W ultravioled-beam generation by fourth-harmonic generation of an all-solid-state laser [J]. Opt. Lett., 2000, 25(1):58-60.
[7]从征.激光与光电子学进展[J]. 2000,2:46-47.
[8] Zhenhua Cong, Xingyu Zhang, Qingpu Wang, Zhaojun Liu, Xiaohan Chen, Shuzhen Fan, Xiaolei Zhang, Huaijin Zhang, Xutang Tao, and Shutao Li. Theoretical and experimental study on the Nd:YAG/BaWO_4/KTP yellow laser generating 8.3 W output power [J]. Optics Express, 2010, 18(12), 12111-12118.
[9] Fen Bai, Qingpu Wang, Zhaojun Liu, Xingyu Zhang, Wenjia Sun, Xuebin Wan, Ping Li, Guofan Jin, and Huaijin Zhang. Efficient 1.8Applied Physics B.1994,58:373-379.
[13] D. Y. Shen, H. R. Yang, .J. G. Liu etal.. Efficient and compact intracavity frequency-doubled Nd:GdVO_4/KTP laser end-pumped by a fiber-coupled laser diode [J].Applied Physics B. 2001, 72:263-266.
[14] C. Czeranowsky, M. Schmidt, E.Heumann etal.. Continuous wave diode pumped intracavity doubled Nd:GdVO_4 laser with 840mW output power at 456 nm [J]. Optics Communications, 2002, 205:361-365.
[15] W. W. Ge, H. J. Zhang, M. H. Jiang etal.. Pulsed laser output of LD-end-pumped 1.34μm Nd:GdVO_4 laser with Co~(2+):LaMgAl11O19 crystal as saturable absorber [J]. Opt. Exp. 2005, 13:3883.
[16] Kejian Yang, Shengzhi Zhao, Jingliang He, Baitao Zhang, Chunhua Zuo, Guiqiu Li, Dechun Li, and Ming Li. Diode-pumped passively Q-switched and modelocked Nd:GdVO_4 laser at 1.34μm with V:YAG saturable absorber [J]. 2008, 16(25), 20176-20185.
[17] Hristo Iliev, Ivan Buchvarov, Sunao Kurimura, and Valentin Petrov. High-power picosecond Nd:GdVO_4 laser mode locked by SHG in periodically poled stoichiometric lithium tantalite [J]. Optics Letters, 2010, 35(7), 1016-1018.
[18] K. Suzuki, K. Shimomura, A. Eda, and K. Muro. Low noise diode-pumped intracavity doubled laser with off-axially cut Nd:YVO_4 [J]. Opt. Lett., 1994, 19(20):1024.
[19]王长青, Y. T. Chow,孟宪林,邵宗书. Nd:YVO_4晶体的偏振激发荧光光谱及其LD泵浦极光特性[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers(中国激光),1998,25(12):1129.
[20] J. R. Oeonnor. [J].Appl. Phys. Lett. 1966, 9:407.
[21]张宽收等.全固化Nd:YVO_4单频绿光激光器[J].中国激光,1994,A21(8):617-620.
[22]侯玮等.激光二极管泵浦Nd:YVO_4/LBO腔内倍频5.3 W连续波激光器[J]. 2001,21(4):437-439.
[23] Y. X. Fan, J. L. He, Y. G. Wang, etal.. 2-ps passively mode-locked Nd:YVO_4 laser using an output coupling type semiconductor saturable absorber mirror [J]. Appl.Phys. Lett.,2005, 86:101103.
[24] Tao Li, Shengzhi Zhao, Zhuang Zhuo, Kejian Yang, Guiqiu Li, and Dechun Li. Dual-loss-modulated Q-switched and mode-locked YVO_4/Nd:YVO_4/KTP green laser with EO and Cr~(4+):YAG saturable absorber [J]. Optics Express, 2010, 18(10), 10315-10322 .
[25] G. M. Thomas and M. J. Damzen. Passively Q-switched Nd:YVO_4 laser with greater than 11W average power [J]. Optics Express, 2011, 19(5), 4577-4582.
[26] Y. Shimony, Z. Burshtein, Y. Kalisky. Cr~(4+):YAGas passive Q-switch and Brewster plate in a Nd:YAG laser [J]. IEEE J. Quantum Electron., 1995, 31: 1738-1741.
[27] Y. Shimony, Z. Burshtein, A. Ben-Amax, etal. Repetitive Q-switching of a CW Nd:YAG laser using Cr~(4+):YAG saturable absorbers [J]. IEEE J. Quantum Electron., 1996, 32:305-310.
[28] W. Chen, K.Spariosu, R.Stultz. Cr~(4+):GSGG Saturable absorber Q-switched for the ruby laser [J].Opt. Commun., 1993, 104:71-74.
[29] H. Eilers, K. R. Hofman, W. M. Dennis, etal. Saturation of 1.064μm absorptioin Cr,Ca:Y3A15O12 crystals [J]. Appl. Phys. Lett., 1992, 61:2958-2960.
[30] A. Sennaroglu, C. R. Polloek, H. Nathel. Efficient continuous-wave chromium-doped YAG laser [J]. Opt. See. Am. B, 1995, 12:930-937.
[31] S. Kuek, K. Petermann,U. Pohlmann, et al. Near- infrared emission of Cr~(4+) doped gamets:lifetimes, quantum effieieneies, and emission cross section [J]. Phys. Rev.B, 1995, 51:17323-17331.
[32]雷海容,刘宏发,严柏生等.一种新型固体Q开关-Cr~(4+):YAG的实验研究光学学报[J].1996,16:1192-193.
[33]欧阳斌,丁彦华,万小坷等. Cr~(4+):YAG的可饱和吸收特性与被动Q开关性能研究.光学学报[J].1996,16:1665-1670.
[34] T. Dascalu, G. Philipps, H. Weber. Investigation of a Cr~(4+):YAG passive Q-switch in CW Pumped Nd:YAG laser [J]. Opt. Laser Technol., 1997, 29:145-149.
[35] J. J. Degnan. Theory of the optimally coupled Q-switched laser [J]. IEEE J. Quantum Eleetron., 1989, 25:214-220.
[36]余先伦,李载玉,杨伯君等. Cr~(4+):YAG晶体作为激光器增益介质的特性研究[J].量子电子学报,2004,21:811-814.
[37] P. J. Conlon, Y. P. Tong, et al. Passive mode locking and dispersion measurement of a sub-100-fs Cr~(4+):YAG laser [J]. Opt. Lett, 1994, 19(18):1468-1470.
[38] H. Eilers, K. R. Hoffman, W. M. Dennis, et al. Saturation of 1.064nm absorption in Cr,Ca:Y3Al5O12 crystals [J]. Appl. Phys. Lett, 1992, 61:2958.
[39] R. Feldman, Y. Shimony, Z. Burshtein. Passively Q-Switching in Nd:YAG/ Cr~(4+):YAG Monolithic Microchip Laser [J]. Optical Materials, 2003, 24:393-399.
[40]张三军. Q-switched mode-locking in diode-pumped Nd:GdVO_4 laser [D].硕士论文,华东师范大学2004.
[41] K. V. Yumashov. [J]. Appl. Opt. 1999, 38:6343.
[42] K. V. Yumashov, J. A. Denisov, N. N. Posnov, et al. Passive Q-switch performance at 1.34μm (1.5μm) and nonlinear spectroscopy of Co~(2+):MgAl_2O_4 and Co~(2+):LaMgAl11O19 cystal [J]. Appl. Phys. B, 2000, 70:179.
[43] M. M. J. Treaey, T. W. Ebbesen, J. M. Gibson. Exceptionally high Young’s modulus observed for individual carbon nanotubes [J]. Nature 1996, 381 (6584):678-680.
[44] B. I. Yakobson, C. J. Brabee, J. Bemhole. Nanomechanics of carbo ntubes instabilities beyond 1inear response [J]. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1996, 76(14):2511-2514.
[45] J. Hone, M. Whitne and A. Zettl. Thermal conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes [J]. Synthetie Met. 1999, 103(l-3):2498-2499.
[46] S. M. Baehilo, M. S. Strano, C. Kittrell, R. H. Hauge, R. E. Smalley, R. B. Weisman. Structure-assigned optical spectra of single-walled carbon nanotubes [J]. Science, 2002, 298(5602):2361-2366.
[47] M. J. Connell, S. M. Baehilo, C. B. Hufflllan, V. C. Moore, M. S. Strano, E. H. Haroz, etal. Band gap fluorescence from individual single-walled carbon nanotubes [J]. Seience, 2002, 297(558):593-596.
[48] A. Hartschuh, H. N. Pedrosa, L. Novotny, T. D. Krauss. Simultaneous fluorescence and raman scattering from single carbon nanotubes [J]. Seienee, 2003, 301 (5638): 1354-1357
[49] H. Zhang, D. Y. Tang, L. M. Zhao, et al.. Large energy mode locking of anerbium-doped fiber with atomic layer grapheme [J]. Optics Express, 2009, 17:17630-17635.
[50] H. R. Chen, Y. G. Wang, C. Y. Tsai, et al.. High-power passively mode-locked Nd: GdVO_4 laser using single-walled carbon nanotubes as saturable absorber [J]. Optics Letters, 2011, In press.第二章
[1] G. J. Friel, R. S. Conroy, A. J. Kemp, B. D. Sinclairl, and J. M. Ley. Q-switching of a diode-pumped Nd:YVO_4 laser using a quadrupole electro-optic deflector [J]. Appl. Phys. B, 1998, 67:267-270.
[2] Henry Plaessmann, Kevin S. Yamada, Charles E. Rich, and William M. Grossman. Subnanosecond pulse generation from diode-pumped acousto-optically Q-switched solid-state lasers [J]. Appl. Opt., 1993, 32:6616-6619.
[3] J. F. Yang, B. T. Zhang, J. L. He, H. T. Huang, X. L. Dong, J. L. Xu, C. H. Zuo, S. Zhao, X. Q. Yang, G. Qiu, and Z. K. Liu. Intracavity optical parametric oscillator based on GTR-KTP pumped by diode-side-pumped acousto-optically Q-switched Nd:YAG laser [J]. Appl. Phys. B, 2010, 98:49-54.
[4] Zhang Feng-chuan, Fan Xiu-wei, Xue Lin, Chai Hong-liang and He Jing-liang. LD side-pumped intracavity frequency-doubled high power Nd: YAG green laser based on acousto-optic Q-switch [J]. Optoelectron. Lett., 2006, 2:416-418.
[5] De-Yuan Shen Siu-Chung Tam, Yee-Loy Lam and Takao and Kobayashi. Diode Pumped Passively Q-Switched Single Frequency Nd:YAG Lasers [J]. Opt. Rev., 2000, 7:451-454.
[6] P. K. Mukhopadhyay, M. B. Alsous, K. Ranganathan, S. K. Sharma, P. K. Gupta, J. George and T. P. S. Nathan. Simultaneous Q-switching and mode-locking in an intracavity frequency doubled diode-pumped Nd:YVO_4/KTP green laser with Cr~(4+):YAG [J]. Opt. Commun., 2003, 222:399-404.
[7] Y. F. Chen, Y. C. Chen, S. W. Chen and Y. P. Lan. High-power efficient diode-pumped passively Q-switched Nd:YVO_4/KTP/Cr~(4+):YAG eye-safe laser [J].Opt. Commun., 2004, 234:337-342.
[8] Lei Chen, Shengzhi Zhao and Hongming Zhao. Passive Q-switching of a laser-diode-pumped intracavity-frequency-doubling Nd:NYW/KTP laser with GaAs saturable absorber [J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 2003, 35:563-567.
[9] T. T. Kajava and Alexander L. Gaeta. Q switching of a diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser with GaAs [J]. Opt. Lett., 1996, 21:1244-1346.
[10] Qiulin Zhang, Baohua Feng , Dongxiang Zhang , Panming Fu ,Zhiguo Zhang , Zhiwei Zhao , Peizhen Deng, Jun Xu , Xiaodong Xu ,Yonggang Wang and Xiaoyu Ma. Observation of antiphase states in a passively Q-switched multimode microchip Yb:YAG laser with a GaAs saturable absorber [J]. Opt. Commun., 2004, 232:353-356.
[11] K. Cheng, S.Z. Zhao, Y.F. Li, G.Q. Li, D.C. Li, K.J. Yang, J. An, G. Zhang, H.B. Ge and Z.G. Yu. Diode–pumped doubly Q-switched Nd:LuVO_4 laser with AO modulator an GaAs saturable absorber [J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 2010, 42: 198-201.
[12] T. Li, S. Zhao, Z. Zhuo, K. Yang, D. Li and G. Li. 532 nm diode-pumped doubly Q-switched Nd:YVO_4/KTP laser with electro-optic modulator and GaAs saturable absorber [J]. Appl. Phys. B, 2009, 97:781-786.
[13] Wei Wu, Guiqiu Li, Shengzhi Zhao and Kejian Yang. Pulse width reduction in diode-pumped, doubly Q-switched Nd:GdVO_4/KTP green laser [J]. CHINESE OPTICS LETTERS, 2005, 3:402-404.
[14] G. Wang, S. Liu, L. Li, S. Liu, M. Liu, and J. Liu. Diode-Pumped Doubly Q-Switched Nd:GdVO_4 Laser [J].Laser Phys., 2007, 17, 1349-1352.
[15] GAO Li-yan, XU Zheng and SUN Qin-jun. Study on diode-pumped Nd:GdVO_4/KTP doubly Q-switched green laser [J]. J. of Optoelectronics·Laser, 2009, 20, 874 (in Chinese)
[16] LIU Min , LIU Shu-shan , LI Lei , WANG Wei-wei , CHEN Fei and LIU Jie. Diode-pumped double passively Q-switched Nd:GdVO_4 laser [J]. Optoelectron. Lett., 2008, 4, 331-334.
[17] R.W.Hellwarth. [J]. Advances in Quantum Electronics.1961:334-341.
[18] F. J. McCling, R. W. Hellwarth. Giant optical pulsations from ruby [J].Appl. Phys., 1962, 33:828-829.
[19]蓝信钜等.激光技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.
[20] [美]W.克希耐尔.固体激光工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[21] G. J. Spühler, R. Raschotta, R. Fluck, et al. [J]. Opt. Soc. Am. B., 1999,16(3):376-388
[22]张小洁,杨杰. [J].中国激光,1992,19(4):241-246.
[23] D. C. Li, S. Z. Zhao, G. Q. Li, etal. [J]. IEEE J. Quantum Electron., 2006, 42(5-6):500-508.
[24] K. Yang, S. Zhao, G. Li, et al. Pulse compression in AO Q-switched diode-pumped Nd: GdVO_4 laser with Cr~(4+): YAG saturable absorber [J]. Appl. Phys. B, 2005, 80(3):687-692.
[25] W. Koechner. Solid-state laser Engineering [M]. Beijing:Science Press, 1983, 424- 434.
[26]过巳吉.非线性光学[M]..西安:西北电讯工程学院出版社,1986,157-203.
[27] J. J. Degnan. Optimization of passively Q-switched lasers [J]. IEEE J. Quanium Eleetron., 1995, 31, 1890-1901.
[28] X. Zhang, S. Zhao, Q. Wang, Q. Zhang, L. Sun and S. Zhang. Optimization of Cr~(4+)-doped saturable absorber Q-switched lasers [J]. IEEE J. Quant.Eleetron., 1997, 33, 2286-2294.
[29] H. Sakai, H. Kan, and T. Taira. 1MW peak power single-mode high brightness passively Q-switched Nd:YAG microchip laser [J]. Opt. Exp., 2008, 16, 19891- 19899.
[30] G. J. Spuhler, R.Pasehotta, R. Fluek, B. Braun, M. Moser, G. Zhang, E. Gini and U. Keller. Experimentally confirmed design guide lines for passively Q-switehed microchip lasers using semiconductor saturable absorbers [J]. J. Opt. Aoc. Am. B. 1999, 16, 376-388.
[31]J. J. Zayhowski, and P. L. Kelley. Optimization of Q-switched lasers [J]. IEEE J. Quantum Electron., 1991, 27, 2220-2225.
[32] Dechun Li, Shengzhi Zhao, Guiqiu Li, etal [J]. IEEE J.Quantum Electron., 2006,42(5-6):500-508.
[1] J. Liu, B. Ozygus, J. Erhard, A. Ding et al. Diode-pumped cw and Q-switched Nd: GdVO_4 laser operating at 1.34μm [J]. Optical and Quantum Electronics, 2003, 35:811-824.
[2] H. T. Huang, J. L. He, C. H. Zuo, H. J. Zhang, J. Y. Wang, Y. Liu, and H. T. Wang. Co~(2+):LMA crystal as saturable absorberfor a diode-pumped passively Q-switched Nd:YVO_4 laser at 1342 nm [J]. Appl. Phys. B 2007, 89, 319-321.
[3] P. Li, Y. F. Li, Y. M. Sun, and X. Y. Hou. Nd:YxGd1-xVO_4 laser with Co~(2+):LaMgAl11O19 saturable absorber [J].Opt. Express. 2006, 14, 7730-7736.
[4] W. W. Ge, H. J. Zhang, J. Y. Wang, X. F. Cheng, M. H. Jiang, C. L. Du, and S. C. Yuan. Pulsed laser output of LD-end-pumped 1.34μm Nd: GdVO_4 laser with Co: LaMgAl11O19 crystal as saturable absorber [J]. Opt. Express, 2005, 13, 3883-3889.
[5] F. Q. Liu, J. L. He, J. L. Xu, J. F. Yang, B. T. Zhang, H. T. Huang, C. Y. Gao, J. Q. Xu and H. J. Zhang. Passive Q-switching performance with Co:LMA crystal in a diode-pumped Nd:LuVO_4 laser [J]. Laser Phys., 2010, 20, 786-789.
[6] I. A. Denisov, M. I. Demchuk, N. V. Kuleshov, and K. V. Yumashev. Co~(2+):LiGa5O8 saturable absorber passive Q switch for 1.34μm Nd~(3+):YAlO3 and 1.54μm Er3+:glass lasers [J]. Appl. Phys. Lett., 2000, 77, 2455-2457.
[7] K. V. Yumashev. Saturable absorber Co~(2+):MgAl_2O_4 crystal for Q switching of 1.34μm Nd~(3+):YAlO3 and 1.54μm Er3+:glass lasers [J]. Appl. Opt. 1999, 38, 6343-6346.
[8] H. T. Huang, B. T. Zhang, J. L. He, J. F. Yang, J. L. Xu, X. Q. Yang, C. H. Zuo, and S. Zhao. Diode-pumped passively Q-switched Nd:Gd0.5Y0.5VO_4 laser at 1.34μm with V3+: YAG as the saturable absorber [J].Opt. Express, 2009, 17, 6946-6951.
[9] B. T. Zhang, J. F. Yang, J. L. He, H. T. Huang, S. D. Liu, J. L. Xu, F. Q. Liu, Y. C. Zhi, and X. T. Tao. Diode-end-pumped passively Q-switched 1.33μmNd:Gd_3AlxGa_(5-x)O_(12) laser with V3+: YAG saturable absorber [J]. Opt. Express, 2010, 18, 12052-12058.
[10] J. Ma, Y. Li, Y. Sun, H. Qi, R. Lan, and X. Hou. Analysis of a laser-diode end-pumped passively Q-switched Nd:GdVO_4 laser with V3+:YAG saturable absorber [J]. Laser Phys., 2009, 19, 384-388.
[11] J. Ma, Y. Xu, P. Zhao and D. Liu. A laser-diode end-pumped passively Q-switched intracavity doubling Nd:GdVO_4/KTP red laser with V3+:YAG saturable absorber [J]. Laser Phys., 2010, 20, 1703-1706.
[12]C. Xu, G. Li, S. Zhao, X. Li, K. Cheng, G. Zhang, and T. Li. LD-pumped passively Q-switched Nd:GdVO_4 laser at 1342 nm with high initial transmission V:YAG saturable absorber [J]. Laser Phys., 2010, 20, 1335-1340.
[13]张恒利博士论文[D].第四章
[1] Y. X. Fan, J. L. He, Y. G. Wang, Sh. Liu, and H. T. Wang. 2-ps passively mode-locked Nd:YVO_4 laser using an output-coupling-type semiconductor saturable absorber mirror [J]. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2005, 86, 101103.
[2] G. Q. Xie, D.Y. Tang, W. D. Tan, H. Luo, S. Y. Guo, H. H. Yu, H. J. Zhang. Diode-pumped passively mode-locked Nd:CTGG disordered crystal laser [J]. Appl Phys B, 2009, 95, 691-695.
[3] H. H. Yu, H. J. Zhang, D. Y. Tang, Z. P. Wang, J. Y. Wang, Y. G. Yu, G. Q. Xie, H. Luo, M. H. Jiang. Diode-end-pumped passively mode-locked Nd:LuVO_4 laser with a semiconductor saturable-absorber mirror [J]. Appl. Phys. B, 2008, 91, 425-428.
[4] J. L. Xu, J. L. He, H. T. Huang, S. D. Liu, F. Q. Liu, J. F. Yang, B. T. Zhang, K. J. Yang, C. Y. Tu, Y. Wang, and F. G. Yang. Generation of 244-fs pulse at 1044.7 nm by a diode-pumped mode-locked Yb:Y2Ca3(BO3)4 laser [J]. Laser Phys. Lett., 2011, 8, 24.
[5] B. Y. Zhang, G. Li, M. Chen, Zh. G. Zhang, and Y. G. Wang. Passive mode locking of a diode-end-pumped Nd:GdVO_4 laser with a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror [J]. Opt. Lett., 2003, 28, 1829-1831.
[6] J. L. He, Y. X. Fan, J. Du, Y. G. Wang, Sh. Liu, H. T. Wang, L. H. Zhang, and Y. Hang. 4-ps passively mode-locked Nd:Gd0.5Y0.5VO_4 laser with a semiconductor saturable-absorber mirror [J]. Opt. Lett., 2004, 29, 2803-2805.
[7] S. P. Ng, D. Y. Tang, J. Kong, L. J. Qin, X. L. Meng, and Z. J. Xiong. Q-switched and continuous mode-locking of a diode-pumped Nd:Gd0.64Y0.36VO_4-Cr~(4+):YAG laser [J]. Appl. Phys. B. 2005, 81, 511-515.
[8] P. K. Mukhopadhyay, M. B. Alsous, K. Ranganathan S. K. Sharma, P. K. Gupta, J. George and T. P. S. Nathan. Simultaneous Q-switching and mode-locking in an intracavity frequency doubled diode-pumped Nd:YVO_4/KTP green laser with Cr~(4+):YAG [J]. Opt. Commun., 2003, 222, 399-404.
[9] A. Haus. Parameter ranges for cw passive modeloeking [J]. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 1976, 12, 169-176.
[10] C. H?nninger, R. Paschotta, F. Morier-Genoud, M. Moser, and U. Keller. Q-switching stability limits of continuous-wave passive mode locking [J]. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B. 1999, 16, 46-56.