光纤紫外TiO_2光催化灭活水中大肠杆菌的研究
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摘要
20世纪90年代以来,TiO_2光催化在环境保护领域内的水和气相有机、无机污染物的光催化去除方面取得了较大的进展,被认为是一种极具前途的环境污染深度净化技术。在众多半导体光催化剂中,TiO_2以其无毒、催化活性高、氧化能力强、稳定性好等特点而研究最多和最为常用。本文主要研究了利用光纤传输紫外光进行光催化灭活大肠杆菌能力的研究。
针对现有技术的不足,我们提出了光纤传导紫外光催化技术的新方法。该技术克服了普通紫外光催化技术的诸多弊端,是一种理想的饮用水安全催化技术。该技术利用汇聚系统将紫外光发生器产生紫外光汇聚于光纤聚结位置,再通过光纤导入水中,并在发光端处发散释放,达到紫外光催化的效果。本项新技术有如下优点:实现了紫外灯与消毒系统的分离,既容易更换紫外灯,又有效消除了因灯管的承压而潜在的汞二次污染,实现紫外光在反应器中的均匀分布,既消除了因紫外线分布不均而产生的消毒盲区,又有效缩短了水力停留时间,从而显著提高了光催化效率和单位时间水处理量。
作者通过试验,得到了单根光纤头的发光规律,并且得到了单根光纤头的处理效率的最优值。根据所得光纤头的发光规律的数据,对反应容器内的光纤头分布进行优化,制成反应容器。研究了该项新设备紫外杀菌对水样大肠菌群数的灭菌效果,光催化杀菌时光催化剂的最佳投加量以及灭菌过程中光催化杀菌与紫外杀菌的关系,为进一步的实验打下基础。
Since the 1990s, TiO_2 photocatalytic in environmental protection, water and gas organic and inorganic pollutants contral has made considerable progress,and it is considered a great depth of the environmental future of purification technology. Among the many semiconductor photocatalyst, TiO_2 which is non-toxic, high activity and stability, has been used and research.. This article took developing photocatalytic reactor may be used in the water treatment process as the goal.
We apply optical fibers to transfer ultraviolet ray in photocatalyst, since there are several problems in traditional ultraviolet photocatalytic technique Accordingly, against those limitations, we propose a new highly efficient, reliable, and economical method, named quartz optical fibre transfering uv photocatalytic technique. The working principle of the experimental setup is that ultraviolet rays are gathered by the lamp shade to converge a light point. The UV light point is the light source of the optical fiber cluster. Ultraviolet rays can be transferred into the water through the side-glowing optical fibers averagely, to ensure the uniformity of the UV intensity in the water. Additionally, combination of new method and chlorination disinfection can indirectly decrease the dose of chlorine, thus the disinfection by-products can be reduced. The new technique must become more and more widespread in disinfecting feed water.
This paper presents first results on water photocatalytic using this new type UV setup. Its suitability for application could be shown in experiments with total colibacillus count as risk group. The author had got the optimized distribution of the optical fibers in the water in bench-scale study and the optimal dosing quantity of photocatalytic. Undoubtedly, the research of new type low-pressure UV photocatalytic setup makes great progress in the innovation of the traditional techniques and provides a promising approach to disinfection treatment of water.
针对现有技术的不足,我们提出了光纤传导紫外光催化技术的新方法。该技术克服了普通紫外光催化技术的诸多弊端,是一种理想的饮用水安全催化技术。该技术利用汇聚系统将紫外光发生器产生紫外光汇聚于光纤聚结位置,再通过光纤导入水中,并在发光端处发散释放,达到紫外光催化的效果。本项新技术有如下优点:实现了紫外灯与消毒系统的分离,既容易更换紫外灯,又有效消除了因灯管的承压而潜在的汞二次污染,实现紫外光在反应器中的均匀分布,既消除了因紫外线分布不均而产生的消毒盲区,又有效缩短了水力停留时间,从而显著提高了光催化效率和单位时间水处理量。
作者通过试验,得到了单根光纤头的发光规律,并且得到了单根光纤头的处理效率的最优值。根据所得光纤头的发光规律的数据,对反应容器内的光纤头分布进行优化,制成反应容器。研究了该项新设备紫外杀菌对水样大肠菌群数的灭菌效果,光催化杀菌时光催化剂的最佳投加量以及灭菌过程中光催化杀菌与紫外杀菌的关系,为进一步的实验打下基础。
Since the 1990s, TiO_2 photocatalytic in environmental protection, water and gas organic and inorganic pollutants contral has made considerable progress,and it is considered a great depth of the environmental future of purification technology. Among the many semiconductor photocatalyst, TiO_2 which is non-toxic, high activity and stability, has been used and research.. This article took developing photocatalytic reactor may be used in the water treatment process as the goal.
We apply optical fibers to transfer ultraviolet ray in photocatalyst, since there are several problems in traditional ultraviolet photocatalytic technique Accordingly, against those limitations, we propose a new highly efficient, reliable, and economical method, named quartz optical fibre transfering uv photocatalytic technique. The working principle of the experimental setup is that ultraviolet rays are gathered by the lamp shade to converge a light point. The UV light point is the light source of the optical fiber cluster. Ultraviolet rays can be transferred into the water through the side-glowing optical fibers averagely, to ensure the uniformity of the UV intensity in the water. Additionally, combination of new method and chlorination disinfection can indirectly decrease the dose of chlorine, thus the disinfection by-products can be reduced. The new technique must become more and more widespread in disinfecting feed water.
This paper presents first results on water photocatalytic using this new type UV setup. Its suitability for application could be shown in experiments with total colibacillus count as risk group. The author had got the optimized distribution of the optical fibers in the water in bench-scale study and the optimal dosing quantity of photocatalytic. Undoubtedly, the research of new type low-pressure UV photocatalytic setup makes great progress in the innovation of the traditional techniques and provides a promising approach to disinfection treatment of water.
引文
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2 Frank S N, Bard A J. Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Oxidation of Cyanide Ion in Aqueous Solutions at Titanium Dioxide Powder[J].J Am Chem Soc. 1977,99(1):303~304.
3 Mathews R W. Photo-oxidation of Organic Material in Aqueous Suspensions of Titanium Dioxide [J]. Water. Research. 1986,20(5):569~578.
4 Frank S N, A J. Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Oxidation of Cyanide and Sulfite in Titanium Dioxide Electrodes[J]. J Am Chem Soc. 1977,99(14):4467~4475.
5 J H Cary, J Lawrence, H M Tosine. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 1976,16:697.
6韩兆慧,赵化侨. TiO2光催化氧化有机物的研究进展化学进展. 1999,11:11.
7 N J Peill, M R Hoffmann. Photodechlorination of PCB’s in the Presence of Titanium Dioxide in Aqueous Suspensions. Environmental Science and Technology. 1996,30: 2806.
8 D F Ollis, E Pelizzetti, N Serpone. DBPs in Drinking Water Proe. Environmental Science and Technology. 1991,25:1522.
9 K Vinodgopal, P V Kamat. A Titania Thin Film Annular Photocatalytic Reactor for Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Dilute Water Streams. Environmental Science and Technology. 1995,29:841.
10 S F Chen, M Y Zhao, Y W Tao. Microchemical Journal. 1996,54:54.
11 C K Gralzel, M Jirousek, M Gralzel. Freeze Concentration by Layer Crystallization. Journal of Molecular Catalysis. 1990, 60:375.
12 T N Obee. Environmental Science and Technology. 1996,30:3578.
13 K Tennakone, U S Ketipearachchi. Preconcentration of Wastewater through the Niro Freeze Concentration Process. Applied Catalysis B. 1995,5:343.
14 Z H Wang, Q X Zhuang. Laser-induced Vapor Synthesis of Titanium Dioxide. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A. 1993,75:105.
15 T Ohno, T Mitsui, M Matsumura. Photocatalytic activity of S-doped TiO2 Photocatalyst under Visible Light[J].Chem Lett. 2003,32:364~365.
16 T Matsun, R O Tmoda, T Nakajima, H Wake. Photoelectrochemical Sterilztion of Sterilization of Microbial Cells by Semiconductor Powder. FENS Microbiol.Lett. 1985,29:211~214.
17 Matsuna T, R.O Tmoda, T Nakajima, N Nakamura, T Komine. Continuous-sterilization System that Uses Photosemiocndutor Powdesr. APPI.Enviorn.Microbiol. 1998.54:1330~1333.
18 Ireland J, P Kostemrnna, E Rice, R Clark. Inactivation of Eshcerihcia Coli by Titanium Dioxide Photocatalytic Oxidation. Appl. Environ.microbiol. 1993.59:1668~1670.
19冯庆,刘高斌,王万录. TiO2的光催化机理及在制冷设备中的消毒、杀菌作用.重庆大学学报(自然科学版). 2002,25(8):58~60.
20 Richard J Watts, Sungho Kong, Margaret POrrl. Photocatalytic Inactivation of Coliform Bacteria and Viruses in Secondary Wastewater Effluent. Water.Research. 1995,29(1):95~100.
21 Sunada, Kayano, Kikuchi, et al. Bactericidal and Detoxification Effects of TiO2 Thin Film Photocatalytics. Environ.Sci.Tech. 1998,32(5):726.
22于向阳,梁文,杜永娟等.二氧化钦光催化材料的应用进展.材料学报. 2000,14(2):38.
23杨亚丽,刘步升,杨继源等.光化学杀菌搪瓷制品的研究囚.全军第三届预防论文集. 2000:85.
24邓慧华,陆祖宏.半导体TiO2光催化杀灭微生物的机理和应用.微生物学通报,1997,24(2):113一109.
25彭晓春,陈新庚,黄鹊,李明光. N-TiO2光催化机理及其在环境保护中的应用研究进展.环境污染治理技术与设备. 2002,3(3):1~6.
26 Goswma D Y. Areviwe Of Engineering Developments of Aquocus Phase Solar Photocatalytic Detoxification and Disinfection Processes. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering. 1997,119(3):101~107.
27 Sobczynski A, Duczmal L, Zmudzinski W. Phenol Destruction by Photocatalysison TiO2:an Attempt to Solve the Reaction Mechanism[J].Journal of Molecular Catalysis A:Chemical. 2004,213:225~230.
28王桂茹,张颖,杨凌. 98全国光催化化学学术论文摘要集[R].北京,1998:94~97.
29汪军.纳米二氧化钛的光催化机理及其应用研究[J].污染防治技术. 1998,l l(3):l57~160.
30牛新书,许亚杰.二氧化钛纳米材料的合成及其在环保领域的应用研究进展[J].化工环保. 2002,22(4):205~207.
31郭建平,刘祖武,郭军.纳米TiO2光催化氧化机理及研究[J].天津化工. 2003,17(4):l~3.
32阎建辉,黄可龙,刘素琴等.银沉积纳米TiO2光催化剂的制备及活性[J].应用化学, 2005,22(2):132~137.
33邢启华.日益重要的光氧化技术[J].化学教学. 2002,2:29~31.
34胡见波,明慧.纳米TiO2复合载体催化剂及其HDS活性研究[J].南开大学学报. 2002. 5(3):3~5.
35王蔚君,刘云. TiO2氧化有机物的研究进展[J].化学试剂. 2002,24(2):80~5.
36罗菊仙,赵中一.导体多相光催化氧化技术在环境保护中的应用研究进展[J].中国地质大学学报. 2000(9):536~541.
37符小荣,宋世庚.纳米TiO2/Si薄膜的制备与光催化性能的研究[J].感光科学与光化学. 1997,15(3):234~240.
38 McMurray T A, Byrne J A, Dunlop P S M, et al. Intrinsic Kinetics of Photocatalytic Oxidation of Formic and Oxalic Acid on Inunobilised TiO2 Films[J]. Applied Catalysis A:General. 2004,262:105~110.
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