大蒜鳞茎贮藏过程中品质和生理特性的变化
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摘要
本试验以苏联蒜、苍山蒜鳞茎为试材,采用不同方法(冷藏、辐射、壳聚糖浸蘸、热处理)处理大蒜鳞茎,研究不同处理对采后大蒜鳞茎贮藏品质及休眠生理的影响。研究结果如下:
1.-3℃冷藏大蒜鳞茎可显著抑制其休眠的解除。芽瓣比增长缓慢,贮藏六个月后,冷藏处理的苍山蒜和苏联蒜芽瓣比分别比对照低0.8和0.836,干物质含量分别比对照高5.43%和6.61%。可溶性Pr和可溶性糖含量均呈不断上升趋势,供试品种冷藏处理可溶性Pr含量一直高于常温对照;苍山蒜可溶性糖含量和对照差异不显著,苏联蒜冷藏三个月后明显高于对照。对照MDA含量缓慢上升,冷藏大蒜MDA含量先快速升高又快速下降,冷藏两个月后苏联蒜MDA含量高于对照。蒜素含量均明显低于常温对照。
2.60Co-γ辐射处理可明显抑制大蒜鳞芽生长,贮藏六个月后,辐照处理的苍山蒜和苏联蒜芽瓣比分别比对照低0.76和0.731,干物质含量下降较剧烈,分别比对照低5.5%和4.5%。辐照苍山蒜可溶性Pr含量缓慢上升,与常温对照差异不明显;辐照处理苏联蒜可溶性Pr含量变化呈先下降后快速上升的趋势,贮藏期间,明显低于常温对照。可溶性糖含量表现出先增加后降低的趋势,苍山蒜在第4个月左右,苏联蒜在第5个月左右时,达到各自的高峰6.88%和6.53%并超过常温对照。贮藏两个月后MDA含量明显低于对照。大蒜素含量先升高后下降,第一个月内稍高于常温对照,之后均显著低于对照。
3.不同浓度壳聚糖涂膜均可抑制鳞芽增长速率,苍山蒜以0.5%和1%浓度壳聚糖涂膜处理鳞芽增长速率最慢;苏联蒜则以2%浓度壳聚糖涂膜鳞芽增长速率最慢。贮藏4个月后,苍山蒜干物质含量1%和2%浓度涂膜高于0.5%浓度;苏联蒜贮藏三个月后对照干物质含量高于壳聚糖处理,其中1%浓度涂膜干物质含量最低。苏联蒜可溶性Pr含量与对照无差异;苏联蒜壳聚糖处理可将可溶性Pr含量下降时间推迟四个月。可溶性糖含量明显增加,苍山蒜2%浓度涂膜含量最高且一直高于对照,苏联蒜则相反。苍山蒜在贮藏的前两个月,大蒜素含量为2%涂膜>1%涂膜>0.5%涂膜>对照;苏联蒜0.5%浓度涂膜前三个月大蒜素含量最高,1%和2%浓度壳聚糖处理蒜素含量低于对照。
4.大蒜鳞茎冷藏出库后常温放置打破鳞茎休眠快速显著。两个大蒜品种芽瓣比增加迅速,至第六天两个大蒜品种的芽瓣比已超过0.5,苏联蒜的同期芽瓣比明显高于苍山蒜。可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量均在短期下降后开始上升,苍山蒜的可溶性糖和蛋白质含量一直高于苏联蒜。MDA、游离氨基酸及大蒜素含量均随着出库后放置时间的延长而增加。
5.热处理可提前打破休眠,结束热处理常温放置10天后鳞芽都开始有所萌动,两个大蒜品种都是42°C处理最早打破休眠;.48°C处理苍山蒜打破休眠的时间稍晚,但打破休眠之后鳞芽萌动迅速;37°C和48°C处理对苏联蒜打破休眠效果差异不显著。
6.热处理期间可使两个大蒜品种四种内源激素含量迅速下降。不同温度热处理大蒜鳞茎ABA含量变化规律不同,中熟种苏联蒜ABA含量变化对热处理敏感度明显高于晚熟种苍山蒜;ZR的含量高低与鳞芽的生长速率成正相关。
The effect of different treatment including cold storage ,radiation, chitosan coating and heat treatment on storage quality and physiological characteristics in garlic bulb were studied in this article ,using Cangshan garlic and Russian garlic as the test material. Results were as follows:
1.Dormancy releasing of garlic bulb could be inhibited by cold storage at -3℃.Half a year later, The internal sprouting index of Cangshan garlic and Russian garlic slowly increased ,which were lower 0.8 and 0.836 than that of control .Dry matter content of Cangshan garlic and Russian garlic was higher 5.43% and 6.61% than that of control.Both the soluble Pr and sugar content showed a constantly increaseing trendency . The content of soluble Pr was higher than that of the radiation and the control. Three months later, the soluble sugar content of cold storaged Russian garlic was higher than that of the control, While there was no obvious difference of soluble sugars content in Cangshan garlic bewteen the cold storage and the control. The MDA content increased quickly, decreased rapidly subsequently,then maintain in certain level.The allicin content was obviously lower than that in the control.
2.Radiation using 60Co-γcould obviously inhibit the growth of scaly bud in garlic bulb, scaly bud length slightly increased and the internal sprouting index of Cangshan garlic and Russian garlic were lower 0.76 and 0.731 than that of control ,dry matter content decreased violent and were lower 5.5% and 4.5% than that of control afer half a year . Soluble protein content of Cangshan garlic treated by radiation increased slowly and didn't show obviously difference from the control,but Russian garlic’s of it first decreased,then increased rapidly and it was obviously lower the the control one month later.Soluble sugar content increased at the beginning and then decreased.Both Cangshan garlic storged for four months and Russian garlic for five months reached its content peak that was 6.88% and 6.53% which was higher than the control. MDA content significantly lower than the control two months later.The allicin content showed trend that first increased and then decreased ,slightly higher than the control in the first month and obviously lower than the control during the rest storage periods.
3.The bulbil growth rate can be reduced by different concentration chitosan treatment.. It was lower in Cangshan garlic treated by 0.5% and 1% chitosan,and was lower in Russian garlic treated by 2%. Dry matter content of Cangshan garlic treated by 1% and 2% chitosan was higher than 0.5%,its content of Russian garlic treated by 1% was the lowest but higher than the control.Descent range of soluble Protein content was 1%<2%<0.5%, towards Russian garlic,2% chitosan treatment did best effect on mitigation of descent range, the second was 0.5% chitosan treatment,and the worst one was 1% chitosan treatment. Soluble sugars content increased obviously,2% chitosan treatment for Cangshan garlic did best effect and its content was the highest during the whole periods, and Russian garlic was reverse.During the first two months, allicin content of Cangshan garlic was 2%>1%>0.5%>the control, allicin content of Russian garlic treated by 0.5% was the highest during the first three months ,but it was lower treated by 1% and 2% than the control.
4.Internal sprouting index increased rapidly when the garlic bulb was put at room temperature after cold temperature storage, it got a higher growth rate and excessed 0.5 at the end of the 6th day. Internal sprouting index of Russian garlic was more than that of Cangshan garlic. Both soluble sugar and soluble protein experienced a short cut in the first 6 days, and then got back into growing, and the soluble sugars and Pr content of Cangshan garlic was always higher than Russian garlic. MDA, free amino acid and allicin content increased with the passage of time.
5.The dormancy of Cangshan garlic and Russian garlic can be broken in-advance by hot temperature treament.The bulbil began to growth in the 10th day after hot temperature treament. 42°C treament could first break dormancy of this two cultivars. 48°treament was a little later,but the bulbbil growth more quickly after dormancy releasing There was no obvious difference in the effect on breaking dormancy of Russian garlic by 37°C and 48°C.
6.Endogenous hormones in garlic bulb decreased rapidly during the periods of hot temperature treament. Variation of ABA content was difference among different temperature treatment. Sensitivity of ABA change in Cangshan garlic was higher than that in Russian garlic.The level of ZR content positively correlated with bulbil growth rate.
1.-3℃冷藏大蒜鳞茎可显著抑制其休眠的解除。芽瓣比增长缓慢,贮藏六个月后,冷藏处理的苍山蒜和苏联蒜芽瓣比分别比对照低0.8和0.836,干物质含量分别比对照高5.43%和6.61%。可溶性Pr和可溶性糖含量均呈不断上升趋势,供试品种冷藏处理可溶性Pr含量一直高于常温对照;苍山蒜可溶性糖含量和对照差异不显著,苏联蒜冷藏三个月后明显高于对照。对照MDA含量缓慢上升,冷藏大蒜MDA含量先快速升高又快速下降,冷藏两个月后苏联蒜MDA含量高于对照。蒜素含量均明显低于常温对照。
2.60Co-γ辐射处理可明显抑制大蒜鳞芽生长,贮藏六个月后,辐照处理的苍山蒜和苏联蒜芽瓣比分别比对照低0.76和0.731,干物质含量下降较剧烈,分别比对照低5.5%和4.5%。辐照苍山蒜可溶性Pr含量缓慢上升,与常温对照差异不明显;辐照处理苏联蒜可溶性Pr含量变化呈先下降后快速上升的趋势,贮藏期间,明显低于常温对照。可溶性糖含量表现出先增加后降低的趋势,苍山蒜在第4个月左右,苏联蒜在第5个月左右时,达到各自的高峰6.88%和6.53%并超过常温对照。贮藏两个月后MDA含量明显低于对照。大蒜素含量先升高后下降,第一个月内稍高于常温对照,之后均显著低于对照。
3.不同浓度壳聚糖涂膜均可抑制鳞芽增长速率,苍山蒜以0.5%和1%浓度壳聚糖涂膜处理鳞芽增长速率最慢;苏联蒜则以2%浓度壳聚糖涂膜鳞芽增长速率最慢。贮藏4个月后,苍山蒜干物质含量1%和2%浓度涂膜高于0.5%浓度;苏联蒜贮藏三个月后对照干物质含量高于壳聚糖处理,其中1%浓度涂膜干物质含量最低。苏联蒜可溶性Pr含量与对照无差异;苏联蒜壳聚糖处理可将可溶性Pr含量下降时间推迟四个月。可溶性糖含量明显增加,苍山蒜2%浓度涂膜含量最高且一直高于对照,苏联蒜则相反。苍山蒜在贮藏的前两个月,大蒜素含量为2%涂膜>1%涂膜>0.5%涂膜>对照;苏联蒜0.5%浓度涂膜前三个月大蒜素含量最高,1%和2%浓度壳聚糖处理蒜素含量低于对照。
4.大蒜鳞茎冷藏出库后常温放置打破鳞茎休眠快速显著。两个大蒜品种芽瓣比增加迅速,至第六天两个大蒜品种的芽瓣比已超过0.5,苏联蒜的同期芽瓣比明显高于苍山蒜。可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量均在短期下降后开始上升,苍山蒜的可溶性糖和蛋白质含量一直高于苏联蒜。MDA、游离氨基酸及大蒜素含量均随着出库后放置时间的延长而增加。
5.热处理可提前打破休眠,结束热处理常温放置10天后鳞芽都开始有所萌动,两个大蒜品种都是42°C处理最早打破休眠;.48°C处理苍山蒜打破休眠的时间稍晚,但打破休眠之后鳞芽萌动迅速;37°C和48°C处理对苏联蒜打破休眠效果差异不显著。
6.热处理期间可使两个大蒜品种四种内源激素含量迅速下降。不同温度热处理大蒜鳞茎ABA含量变化规律不同,中熟种苏联蒜ABA含量变化对热处理敏感度明显高于晚熟种苍山蒜;ZR的含量高低与鳞芽的生长速率成正相关。
The effect of different treatment including cold storage ,radiation, chitosan coating and heat treatment on storage quality and physiological characteristics in garlic bulb were studied in this article ,using Cangshan garlic and Russian garlic as the test material. Results were as follows:
1.Dormancy releasing of garlic bulb could be inhibited by cold storage at -3℃.Half a year later, The internal sprouting index of Cangshan garlic and Russian garlic slowly increased ,which were lower 0.8 and 0.836 than that of control .Dry matter content of Cangshan garlic and Russian garlic was higher 5.43% and 6.61% than that of control.Both the soluble Pr and sugar content showed a constantly increaseing trendency . The content of soluble Pr was higher than that of the radiation and the control. Three months later, the soluble sugar content of cold storaged Russian garlic was higher than that of the control, While there was no obvious difference of soluble sugars content in Cangshan garlic bewteen the cold storage and the control. The MDA content increased quickly, decreased rapidly subsequently,then maintain in certain level.The allicin content was obviously lower than that in the control.
2.Radiation using 60Co-γcould obviously inhibit the growth of scaly bud in garlic bulb, scaly bud length slightly increased and the internal sprouting index of Cangshan garlic and Russian garlic were lower 0.76 and 0.731 than that of control ,dry matter content decreased violent and were lower 5.5% and 4.5% than that of control afer half a year . Soluble protein content of Cangshan garlic treated by radiation increased slowly and didn't show obviously difference from the control,but Russian garlic’s of it first decreased,then increased rapidly and it was obviously lower the the control one month later.Soluble sugar content increased at the beginning and then decreased.Both Cangshan garlic storged for four months and Russian garlic for five months reached its content peak that was 6.88% and 6.53% which was higher than the control. MDA content significantly lower than the control two months later.The allicin content showed trend that first increased and then decreased ,slightly higher than the control in the first month and obviously lower than the control during the rest storage periods.
3.The bulbil growth rate can be reduced by different concentration chitosan treatment.. It was lower in Cangshan garlic treated by 0.5% and 1% chitosan,and was lower in Russian garlic treated by 2%. Dry matter content of Cangshan garlic treated by 1% and 2% chitosan was higher than 0.5%,its content of Russian garlic treated by 1% was the lowest but higher than the control.Descent range of soluble Protein content was 1%<2%<0.5%, towards Russian garlic,2% chitosan treatment did best effect on mitigation of descent range, the second was 0.5% chitosan treatment,and the worst one was 1% chitosan treatment. Soluble sugars content increased obviously,2% chitosan treatment for Cangshan garlic did best effect and its content was the highest during the whole periods, and Russian garlic was reverse.During the first two months, allicin content of Cangshan garlic was 2%>1%>0.5%>the control, allicin content of Russian garlic treated by 0.5% was the highest during the first three months ,but it was lower treated by 1% and 2% than the control.
4.Internal sprouting index increased rapidly when the garlic bulb was put at room temperature after cold temperature storage, it got a higher growth rate and excessed 0.5 at the end of the 6th day. Internal sprouting index of Russian garlic was more than that of Cangshan garlic. Both soluble sugar and soluble protein experienced a short cut in the first 6 days, and then got back into growing, and the soluble sugars and Pr content of Cangshan garlic was always higher than Russian garlic. MDA, free amino acid and allicin content increased with the passage of time.
5.The dormancy of Cangshan garlic and Russian garlic can be broken in-advance by hot temperature treament.The bulbil began to growth in the 10th day after hot temperature treament. 42°C treament could first break dormancy of this two cultivars. 48°treament was a little later,but the bulbbil growth more quickly after dormancy releasing There was no obvious difference in the effect on breaking dormancy of Russian garlic by 37°C and 48°C.
6.Endogenous hormones in garlic bulb decreased rapidly during the periods of hot temperature treament. Variation of ABA content was difference among different temperature treatment. Sensitivity of ABA change in Cangshan garlic was higher than that in Russian garlic.The level of ZR content positively correlated with bulbil growth rate.
引文
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