基于PC的开放式数控系统的研究与开发
摘要
当前制造技术正在向高速度、高精度、柔性化、智能化和集成化方向发展，但是传统的数控系统已经很难满足终端用户进行二次开发的需要。新的数控系统――开放式数控适应了这一发展的需要。
针对中国工程物理研究院机械制造工艺研究所（简称：中物院机制所）旧设备的数控化改造和传统数控存在的弊端提出了研究开发开放式数控系统的必要性。首先阐述了开放式数控系统的含义、特点、功能要求及其组成形式；其次着重研究了开放式数控系统的层次化和模块化体系结构。紧接着通过对当前开放式数控系统组成形式的分析提出了基于PC＋运动控制器的开放式数控系统方案,构建了基于IPC和PMAC(Programmable Multi-axis Controller)运动控制器的具有双微处理器主从式结构的开放式数控系统――中物院机制所机电一体化实验装置。该系统通过IPC的ISA总线和DPRAM来实现主从处理器之间的通讯。并阐述了该系统硬件的组成、结构和系统控制核心IPC、PMAC和DPRAM的特点。具体分析了以IPC＋PMAC为控制核心的机电一体化实验装置的系统软件功能，阐述了机电一体化实验装置的系统软件工作原理与实现机制和机电一体化实验装置界面软件的工作原理和实现机制：多文档多视图结构原理、MDI应用程序框架原理，并用VC++6.0编写了整个系统的用户应用软件PmacNc，开发了中物院机制所机电一体化实验装置的几个主要人机界面：初始化通讯模块界面、手动操作模块界面、参数设置模块界面、状态显示模块界面和程序编辑模块界面。展示了开发开放式体系数控系统的一些思路。
Modern manufacturing technique is developing towards automation, high speed, high precision, flexibility, intelligence, systematization and integration. However, the traditional NC is hard to meet the special needs of users and of the second development. The new NC ------open-architecture CNC system just adapts to the situation.
Aimed at the disadvantage of traditional NC and the need of making over the old equipment of the Institute of Machinery Manufacturing of CAEP, the necessity of research and development of open-architecture NC is put forward. Firstly, the contents, characteristics, function and structure of open-architecture CNC system are set forth. What's more, the architecture of hierarchy and modularity is constructed. Secondly, through the analysis of the structure of the open-architecture CNC system, the scheme based on IPC and motion controller is brings forward. Hardware structure of master-slave open-architecture CNC system based on IPC and PMAC motion controller is built, in which industrial computer acts as master computer and PMAC motion controller acts as slave one. The communication between master computer and slave one is achieved by ISA bus and DPRAM. Mechatronics installation of the Institute of Machinery Manufacturing of CAEP is constructed. The form and structure of the system, the trait of the IPC, PMAC and DPRAM are expounded. Subsequently, software function of the system is batted around, the theory of MDI(Multi-Document Interface) of it's software system is dissected, and the PComm32 is introduced. Finally, the application programs named for PmacNc of the entire system is developed by VC++6.0, which is consisted of initialization communication interface, manual operation interface, parameter intercalation interface, status messages interface and program compiling interface. Eventually, motion control programs are compiled and tested. Some thoughts about how to develop open-architecture CNC are put forward.
针对中国工程物理研究院机械制造工艺研究所（简称：中物院机制所）旧设备的数控化改造和传统数控存在的弊端提出了研究开发开放式数控系统的必要性。首先阐述了开放式数控系统的含义、特点、功能要求及其组成形式；其次着重研究了开放式数控系统的层次化和模块化体系结构。紧接着通过对当前开放式数控系统组成形式的分析提出了基于PC＋运动控制器的开放式数控系统方案,构建了基于IPC和PMAC(Programmable Multi-axis Controller)运动控制器的具有双微处理器主从式结构的开放式数控系统――中物院机制所机电一体化实验装置。该系统通过IPC的ISA总线和DPRAM来实现主从处理器之间的通讯。并阐述了该系统硬件的组成、结构和系统控制核心IPC、PMAC和DPRAM的特点。具体分析了以IPC＋PMAC为控制核心的机电一体化实验装置的系统软件功能，阐述了机电一体化实验装置的系统软件工作原理与实现机制和机电一体化实验装置界面软件的工作原理和实现机制：多文档多视图结构原理、MDI应用程序框架原理，并用VC++6.0编写了整个系统的用户应用软件PmacNc，开发了中物院机制所机电一体化实验装置的几个主要人机界面：初始化通讯模块界面、手动操作模块界面、参数设置模块界面、状态显示模块界面和程序编辑模块界面。展示了开发开放式体系数控系统的一些思路。
Modern manufacturing technique is developing towards automation, high speed, high precision, flexibility, intelligence, systematization and integration. However, the traditional NC is hard to meet the special needs of users and of the second development. The new NC ------open-architecture CNC system just adapts to the situation.
Aimed at the disadvantage of traditional NC and the need of making over the old equipment of the Institute of Machinery Manufacturing of CAEP, the necessity of research and development of open-architecture NC is put forward. Firstly, the contents, characteristics, function and structure of open-architecture CNC system are set forth. What's more, the architecture of hierarchy and modularity is constructed. Secondly, through the analysis of the structure of the open-architecture CNC system, the scheme based on IPC and motion controller is brings forward. Hardware structure of master-slave open-architecture CNC system based on IPC and PMAC motion controller is built, in which industrial computer acts as master computer and PMAC motion controller acts as slave one. The communication between master computer and slave one is achieved by ISA bus and DPRAM. Mechatronics installation of the Institute of Machinery Manufacturing of CAEP is constructed. The form and structure of the system, the trait of the IPC, PMAC and DPRAM are expounded. Subsequently, software function of the system is batted around, the theory of MDI(Multi-Document Interface) of it's software system is dissected, and the PComm32 is introduced. Finally, the application programs named for PmacNc of the entire system is developed by VC++6.0, which is consisted of initialization communication interface, manual operation interface, parameter intercalation interface, status messages interface and program compiling interface. Eventually, motion control programs are compiled and tested. Some thoughts about how to develop open-architecture CNC are put forward.
引文
1. 曹晴峰.数控系统发展简述.机床电器,1996,6:21-23
2. Stephen J.Rober and Yung C.Chin. Modeling and control of CNC machine using a PC-based open architecture controller. Mechatronics,1995,5(4)
3. 周德俭,吴兆华,陈子辰.用PC的开放式计算机数控系统－CNC的发展新动向.机电一体化,1997,3(1):14-16
4. 陈循介.世界NC机床现状及发展动向.航空制造工程,1997,9:37-38
5. 刘利 当前ＮＣ的热点——开放化与ＰＣ化 机电一体化,1998,4(1):18-20
6. 张明亮,解旭辉,李圣怡.开放性数控技术的发展. 机电工程,1999,4:65-67
7. 王涛,王宇晗,蔡建国. 开放式控制系统的研究现状. 机械工程师,1999,10:3-5
8. 于东,徐心和.开放式数控系统域性能研究.小型微型计算机系统,2000,21(7).-729-732
9. 郭艳玲,赵万生.数控发展的趋势-开放式体系结构数控系统.东北林业大学学报.2000.28(5):148-150
10. 周祖德,魏仁选,陈幼平.开放式控制系统的现状、趋势与对策.中国机械工程（e-works）,2001-5-7
11. 王正兵,任偲.第二讲 开放式体系结构－数控系统的发展潮流.制造技术与机床,2002,1:42
12. 魏仁选,陈幼平.开放性数控软件的面向对象建模及其重用研究.高技术通讯,1998,8(12):30-34
13. 鲁玲.单机模式CNC系统开放性探讨.组合机床与自动化加工技术,2002,7:69-70
14. 李宏伟.开放式数控技术中层次化体系结构和二次开发平台的研究. e-works专稿, 2002,11
15. 傅桂龙,程筱胜.基于PC的开放式数控实现方法.机械设计与制造工程.2000.29(1).45-46,57
16. MCCUEHK. Open architecture controller activities in technology enabling agile manufacturing [A]. Frederick M Proctor. Proceedings SPIE[C]
17. “OPEN SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE FOR CONTROL WITHIN AUTOMATION SYSTEMS"-ESPRIT Ⅲ Project6379.America: The International Society for Optical Engineering, 1997.13-23
America: The International Society for Optical Engineering,
18. 1997.13-23
19. Mason F. Parallel processing NC Revs up Swiss Automatic,Manufacturing Enginering,1996(7) :66
20. 张正勇,熊清平,李作清.Windows平台下开放式CNC系统研究 [Ｊ].中国机械工程,1999,10(8):878-880
21. 王正兵,任偲.第二讲 开放式数控系统的核心－开放式控制器.制造技术与机床,2002,1:43-44
22. 王宇晗,吴祖育, 陆志强,李宇昊.开放式控制器对数控机床低成本改造的策略，机械设计与研究,2000,1:63-65
23. 王宇晗,胡俊,蔡建国.基于面向对象技术的数控软件模型及实现.组合机床与自动化加工技术,2000,7:4-6,17
24. 孟璇,邢玉生,王春.基于ＰＭＡＣ的并行双ＣＰＵ开放式数控系统的研究与开发.组合机床与自动化加工技术,2000,10:28-30,37
25. 王立松,苏宝库,董申,张飞虎.可编程多轴控制器的开放式数控系统.计算机集成制造系统,2002,1:69-72
26. 张建宏,裴仁清,许逊,周厚伏.基于PMAC的开放式数控裁剪机.机电一体化,2002,2:48-49
27. 白建华,梁维胜,黄海峰,程文锋.一种基于Windows 的PC机数控系统.组合机床与自动化加工技术,2002,3:52-55
28. 张建民,万淑芸.基于工控PC和Windows 98的四轴位置控制系统的设计.工业控制计算机,2002(15)4期:35-37
29. 鞠华,王文,王恒奎,陈子辰.IPC与PMAC集成控制的开放式数控在线非接触测量系统.组合机床与自动化加工技术,2002,6:46-48
30. 周凯,朱传有. 基于PC平台的激光加工数控系统. 制造技术床,2002,12:33-35
31. 张学成,戴一帆.PMAC&COM在开放式数控系统平台设计中的应用研究.组合机床与自动化加工技术,2002,12:55-57
32. Meyer B. Object- Oriented Software Construction, Prentice- Hall,1988
33. Delta Tau Data Systems, Inc. Delta Tau User Manual Options2 & 2V PMAC Dual-Ported RAM Card
34. Delta Tau Data Systems,Inc.PMAC Accessory ACC-9PN Pcomm32.Version 10.34-April 18,2000
35. Delta Tau Data Systems, Inc. PMAC USER'S MANUAL, Version1.16 ，15 March 1997
36. Delta Tau Data Systems, Inc. PMAC SOFTWARE REFERENCE. Version1.16 1998
37. PMAC Accessory ACC-34A.August.1999. Delta Tau Data Systems.Inc.
38. Delta Tau Data Systems, Inc. PMAC2-PC And PMAC2-LITE HARDWARE REFERENCE MANUAL，June,1997
39. PMAC Accessory ACC-8S.August.1995. Delta Tau Data Systems.Inc.
40. PMAC软件手册,版本1.1.北京元茂兴控制设备技术有限责任公司
41. 杨天怡,黄勤.微型计算机控制技术.重庆大学出版社.1998
42. 李爱平等.制造系统与设备的控制.同济大学出版社.1998
43. 王润孝,秦现生.机床数控原理与系统.西北工业大学出版社,2000
44. 赵松年,戴志义.机电一体化数控系统设计.机械工业出版社,1994
45. 林亦鸿.机床数控技术及其应用.机械工业出版社,1995
46. 胡峪,刘静编著.Visual C++编程技巧与示例.西安电子科技大学出版社,2000
47. P David J.Kruglinski, Scot Wingo, George Shepherd 著,programming Visual C++6.0技术内幕(第五版).北京希望电子出版社,2000
48. 侯俊杰.深入浅出MFC（第二版）.华中科技大学出版社,1998
49. 杨亮等.Windows 深入剖析－内核篇.清华大学出版社,1997
2. Stephen J.Rober and Yung C.Chin. Modeling and control of CNC machine using a PC-based open architecture controller. Mechatronics,1995,5(4)
3. 周德俭,吴兆华,陈子辰.用PC的开放式计算机数控系统－CNC的发展新动向.机电一体化,1997,3(1):14-16
4. 陈循介.世界NC机床现状及发展动向.航空制造工程,1997,9:37-38
5. 刘利 当前ＮＣ的热点——开放化与ＰＣ化 机电一体化,1998,4(1):18-20
6. 张明亮,解旭辉,李圣怡.开放性数控技术的发展. 机电工程,1999,4:65-67
7. 王涛,王宇晗,蔡建国. 开放式控制系统的研究现状. 机械工程师,1999,10:3-5
8. 于东,徐心和.开放式数控系统域性能研究.小型微型计算机系统,2000,21(7).-729-732
9. 郭艳玲,赵万生.数控发展的趋势-开放式体系结构数控系统.东北林业大学学报.2000.28(5):148-150
10. 周祖德,魏仁选,陈幼平.开放式控制系统的现状、趋势与对策.中国机械工程（e-works）,2001-5-7
11. 王正兵,任偲.第二讲 开放式体系结构－数控系统的发展潮流.制造技术与机床,2002,1:42
12. 魏仁选,陈幼平.开放性数控软件的面向对象建模及其重用研究.高技术通讯,1998,8(12):30-34
13. 鲁玲.单机模式CNC系统开放性探讨.组合机床与自动化加工技术,2002,7:69-70
14. 李宏伟.开放式数控技术中层次化体系结构和二次开发平台的研究. e-works专稿, 2002,11
15. 傅桂龙,程筱胜.基于PC的开放式数控实现方法.机械设计与制造工程.2000.29(1).45-46,57
16. MCCUEHK. Open architecture controller activities in technology enabling agile manufacturing [A]. Frederick M Proctor. Proceedings SPIE[C]
17. “OPEN SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE FOR CONTROL WITHIN AUTOMATION SYSTEMS"-ESPRIT Ⅲ Project6379.America: The International Society for Optical Engineering, 1997.13-23
America: The International Society for Optical Engineering,
18. 1997.13-23
19. Mason F. Parallel processing NC Revs up Swiss Automatic,Manufacturing Enginering,1996(7) :66
20. 张正勇,熊清平,李作清.Windows平台下开放式CNC系统研究 [Ｊ].中国机械工程,1999,10(8):878-880
21. 王正兵,任偲.第二讲 开放式数控系统的核心－开放式控制器.制造技术与机床,2002,1:43-44
22. 王宇晗,吴祖育, 陆志强,李宇昊.开放式控制器对数控机床低成本改造的策略，机械设计与研究,2000,1:63-65
23. 王宇晗,胡俊,蔡建国.基于面向对象技术的数控软件模型及实现.组合机床与自动化加工技术,2000,7:4-6,17
24. 孟璇,邢玉生,王春.基于ＰＭＡＣ的并行双ＣＰＵ开放式数控系统的研究与开发.组合机床与自动化加工技术,2000,10:28-30,37
25. 王立松,苏宝库,董申,张飞虎.可编程多轴控制器的开放式数控系统.计算机集成制造系统,2002,1:69-72
26. 张建宏,裴仁清,许逊,周厚伏.基于PMAC的开放式数控裁剪机.机电一体化,2002,2:48-49
27. 白建华,梁维胜,黄海峰,程文锋.一种基于Windows 的PC机数控系统.组合机床与自动化加工技术,2002,3:52-55
28. 张建民,万淑芸.基于工控PC和Windows 98的四轴位置控制系统的设计.工业控制计算机,2002(15)4期:35-37
29. 鞠华,王文,王恒奎,陈子辰.IPC与PMAC集成控制的开放式数控在线非接触测量系统.组合机床与自动化加工技术,2002,6:46-48
30. 周凯,朱传有. 基于PC平台的激光加工数控系统. 制造技术床,2002,12:33-35
31. 张学成,戴一帆.PMAC&COM在开放式数控系统平台设计中的应用研究.组合机床与自动化加工技术,2002,12:55-57
32. Meyer B. Object- Oriented Software Construction, Prentice- Hall,1988
33. Delta Tau Data Systems, Inc. Delta Tau User Manual Options2 & 2V PMAC Dual-Ported RAM Card
34. Delta Tau Data Systems,Inc.PMAC Accessory ACC-9PN Pcomm32.Version 10.34-April 18,2000
35. Delta Tau Data Systems, Inc. PMAC USER'S MANUAL, Version1.16 ，15 March 1997
36. Delta Tau Data Systems, Inc. PMAC SOFTWARE REFERENCE. Version1.16 1998
37. PMAC Accessory ACC-34A.August.1999. Delta Tau Data Systems.Inc.
38. Delta Tau Data Systems, Inc. PMAC2-PC And PMAC2-LITE HARDWARE REFERENCE MANUAL，June,1997
39. PMAC Accessory ACC-8S.August.1995. Delta Tau Data Systems.Inc.
40. PMAC软件手册,版本1.1.北京元茂兴控制设备技术有限责任公司
41. 杨天怡,黄勤.微型计算机控制技术.重庆大学出版社.1998
42. 李爱平等.制造系统与设备的控制.同济大学出版社.1998
43. 王润孝,秦现生.机床数控原理与系统.西北工业大学出版社,2000
44. 赵松年,戴志义.机电一体化数控系统设计.机械工业出版社,1994
45. 林亦鸿.机床数控技术及其应用.机械工业出版社,1995
46. 胡峪,刘静编著.Visual C++编程技巧与示例.西安电子科技大学出版社,2000
47. P David J.Kruglinski, Scot Wingo, George Shepherd 著,programming Visual C++6.0技术内幕(第五版).北京希望电子出版社,2000
48. 侯俊杰.深入浅出MFC（第二版）.华中科技大学出版社,1998
49. 杨亮等.Windows 深入剖析－内核篇.清华大学出版社,1997