基于无线传感器网络技术的智能家居系统的设计与实现
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摘要
智能家居是利用计算机技术、控制技术、图像显示技术以及通讯技术将各种家用设施通过家庭网络连接到一起,从而为人们提供更舒适更便捷的生活。传统的智能家居一般是通过有线线路的布线方式对家用设施进行控制和通讯的,但这样的有线方式不仅使人们很难脱离各种线缆的束缚、安装成本较高,而且系统的扩展性也很差。基于无线网络技术的智能家居不仅可以摆脱线缆的束缚、降低安装成本,而且系统的扩展性也有了大幅度的提高。所以研究无线智能家居对智能家居的发展是十分必要的。
本文设计的智能家居系统实现了对家庭环境的检测和控制,组建了基于无线传感器网络技术的家庭网络。由于无线智能家居越来越多的倾向于低成本、低功耗、易操作、易安装的设计思路。所以本文以无线传感器网络为组网形式,使用TI公司推出的超低功耗单片机MSP430F449和低功耗无线收发芯片CC1100为核心设计一种智能家居系统。系统安装方便,适用范围广,具有很好的实用价值。
论文在查阅大量相关资料的基础上,完成了智能家居系统中主控模块,传感器模块的软硬件设计。硬件设计方面,完成单片机的选型和各模块主要组成电路的功能、设计思想和硬件原理图。软件方面,通过分析各个模块的功能,完成流程图和程序的编写。此外,本文还详细介绍了一款低功耗无线收发芯片CC1100,并围绕CC1100完成了无线收发模块的软硬件设计。硬件方面,完成CC1100的外围电路设计和单片机的接口电路设计。软件方面,完成CC1100的寄存器设置和单片机间的SPI通讯以及数据发送和接收,并给出了流程图和部分程序。
本文另一个重点是智能家居系统网络的设计。在比较现有组网的技术的基础上,选择采用无线传感器网络技术组建智能家居内部通讯网。通过比较几种基本的网络拓扑结构,采用星型网络拓扑结构。完成了无线传感器网络通讯协议的设计,着重介绍了CC1100的通讯协议和数据包格式化,并给出了无线传感器网络数据传输的流程图和部分程序。
最后,对系统进行了调试,验证了系统设计的合理性,并对论文进行了总结,指出了系统设计的不足和改进思路,为课题的进一步研究做了准备。
Smart home use computer technology、control technology、image display technology and communication technology to contact kinds of constructions with family network. Thus, smart home provides a more comfortable and more convenient life for people. Traditional smart home generally carries on control and communication with this measure that install wire line circuit. But this measure not only make people difficutly to separate from kinds of line、spend the cost of installation ,but also system's extension is also very bad. hThe smart home based on wireless technology not only break away the line、reduce the cost of installation , moreover system's extension also had the large scale enhancement. Therefore the research based on wireless that is very essential to the development of smart home.
The smart home system that this article designs realize the home environment examination and the control, set up based on the wireless sensor networking family network. Because smart home more and more lean to low cost、low power、easy operation、easy installation design mentality. This article use the wireless sensor network as the network form and use low cost and low power singlechip MSP430F449 from TI company and low power and low cost RF-Transceiver to design a smart home. The system installation is convenient and the applicable scope is broad. The system has the very good use value.
The paper completed software and hardware design of control module、the sensor module based on referring correlative information. Aspect of hardware design, completes selection of single chip and design of mostly circuit in each module and hardware schematic diagram. Aspect of software design, Through analyzes each module the function, completes the flow chart and the procedure.
In addition, this article also introduced a low power wireless receiving and transmitting chip CC1100 in detail, completed software and hardware design of wireless receiving and transmitting module. Aspect of hardware design, completed the peripheral circuit design of CC1100 and design of interface circuit .Aspect of software design, completed setting of register、communication of SPI with single chip and receiving and transmitting of data, has given the flow chart and the procedure.
This article another key point is network of smart home. Based on comparing existing network's technology, selects wireless sensor network to establish family network. Through compared several kind of basic network topology, selects the star network topology. Completed communication protocol design of wireless sensor network, Introduced emphatically the CC1100 communication protocol and the data packet format, has given the wireless sensor network data transmission flow chart and the procedure.
Finally, carried on the debugging to the system, confirmed rationality of the system design, summarized the paper, had pointed out system design's insufficiency and the improvement mentality, have made the preparation for further research of the topic.
本文设计的智能家居系统实现了对家庭环境的检测和控制,组建了基于无线传感器网络技术的家庭网络。由于无线智能家居越来越多的倾向于低成本、低功耗、易操作、易安装的设计思路。所以本文以无线传感器网络为组网形式,使用TI公司推出的超低功耗单片机MSP430F449和低功耗无线收发芯片CC1100为核心设计一种智能家居系统。系统安装方便,适用范围广,具有很好的实用价值。
论文在查阅大量相关资料的基础上,完成了智能家居系统中主控模块,传感器模块的软硬件设计。硬件设计方面,完成单片机的选型和各模块主要组成电路的功能、设计思想和硬件原理图。软件方面,通过分析各个模块的功能,完成流程图和程序的编写。此外,本文还详细介绍了一款低功耗无线收发芯片CC1100,并围绕CC1100完成了无线收发模块的软硬件设计。硬件方面,完成CC1100的外围电路设计和单片机的接口电路设计。软件方面,完成CC1100的寄存器设置和单片机间的SPI通讯以及数据发送和接收,并给出了流程图和部分程序。
本文另一个重点是智能家居系统网络的设计。在比较现有组网的技术的基础上,选择采用无线传感器网络技术组建智能家居内部通讯网。通过比较几种基本的网络拓扑结构,采用星型网络拓扑结构。完成了无线传感器网络通讯协议的设计,着重介绍了CC1100的通讯协议和数据包格式化,并给出了无线传感器网络数据传输的流程图和部分程序。
最后,对系统进行了调试,验证了系统设计的合理性,并对论文进行了总结,指出了系统设计的不足和改进思路,为课题的进一步研究做了准备。
Smart home use computer technology、control technology、image display technology and communication technology to contact kinds of constructions with family network. Thus, smart home provides a more comfortable and more convenient life for people. Traditional smart home generally carries on control and communication with this measure that install wire line circuit. But this measure not only make people difficutly to separate from kinds of line、spend the cost of installation ,but also system's extension is also very bad. hThe smart home based on wireless technology not only break away the line、reduce the cost of installation , moreover system's extension also had the large scale enhancement. Therefore the research based on wireless that is very essential to the development of smart home.
The smart home system that this article designs realize the home environment examination and the control, set up based on the wireless sensor networking family network. Because smart home more and more lean to low cost、low power、easy operation、easy installation design mentality. This article use the wireless sensor network as the network form and use low cost and low power singlechip MSP430F449 from TI company and low power and low cost RF-Transceiver to design a smart home. The system installation is convenient and the applicable scope is broad. The system has the very good use value.
The paper completed software and hardware design of control module、the sensor module based on referring correlative information. Aspect of hardware design, completes selection of single chip and design of mostly circuit in each module and hardware schematic diagram. Aspect of software design, Through analyzes each module the function, completes the flow chart and the procedure.
In addition, this article also introduced a low power wireless receiving and transmitting chip CC1100 in detail, completed software and hardware design of wireless receiving and transmitting module. Aspect of hardware design, completed the peripheral circuit design of CC1100 and design of interface circuit .Aspect of software design, completed setting of register、communication of SPI with single chip and receiving and transmitting of data, has given the flow chart and the procedure.
This article another key point is network of smart home. Based on comparing existing network's technology, selects wireless sensor network to establish family network. Through compared several kind of basic network topology, selects the star network topology. Completed communication protocol design of wireless sensor network, Introduced emphatically the CC1100 communication protocol and the data packet format, has given the wireless sensor network data transmission flow chart and the procedure.
Finally, carried on the debugging to the system, confirmed rationality of the system design, summarized the paper, had pointed out system design's insufficiency and the improvement mentality, have made the preparation for further research of the topic.
引文
[1]叶朝辉,杨士元,智能家居网络研究综述[J],计算机应用研究,2000(9):4-8
[2]胡崇岳,智能建筑自动化技术[M],北京,机械工业出版社,1999
[3]蒋仙华,智能家居系统的研究与开发[学位论文],浙江:浙江大学,2004,6-28
[4]龙邦贵.一个智能家居网络系统的研究和初步实现[学位论文],广东:广东工业大学,2003.5
[5]J Nemeroff,L Garcia,D Hampel.Application of sensor network communications[C].Militan Communications Conference 2001(MILCOM 2001).Commui}icalions for Network-Centric Operations:Creating the Information Force.IEEE.336-341.
[6]P Johnson.Remote continuous physiological monitoring in the home[J].Telemed Telecare,1996.2(02):107-113.
[7]J Enrique,DuarLe-Melo,L Mingyan.Dala-gathering wireless sensor networks:organization and capacity[J].Computer and Telecommunications Networking,2003.43(04):202-211.
[8]杨士元.数字家居网络技术及应用[M].电子上业出版社,2002.8
[9]http://www.smarthomecn.com/,中国智能家居网.
[10]张巍巍,基于无线传感器网络的智能家庭应用研究[学位论文],西安:西北工业大学硕士学位论文,2006.3
[11]郑娴,姚铭.智能家庭网络的研究现状与发展趋势.智能建筑与城市信息,2006.8
[12]赵虹钧.基于ZigBee技术的智能家居系统的设计[学位论文],,上海:上海交通大学,2007.1
[13]蔡型,张思全.短距离无线通信技术综述[J],现代电子技术,2004(3):65-67
[14]王英洲,方旭明.短距离无线通信主要技术与应用[J],数据通信,2004(4):53-56
[15]张海滨,郑维智.短距离无线通信在控制中的应用[J],微计算机信息,2004(11):129-130
[16]宋光明,葛运建,张建军等.基于蓝牙技术的智能机器人传感器网络研究[J],传感技术学报,2003(1):1-5.
[17]郝铁伟.基于无线传感器的监控网络系统设计[学位论文],武汉:武汉理工大学,2007.4
[18]李建中,李金宝,石胜坛.传感器网络及其数据管理的概念、问题与进展[J],软件学报,2004.14(10):1717-1727
[19]任丰原,黄海宁,林闯,无线传感器网络[J].软件学报,2003,14(7):1282-1291.
[20]马祖长,孙怡宁,梅涛,无线传感器网络络综述[J],通信学报,2004.25(4):114-124
[21]http://www.39.net/39健康网
[22]胡大可.MSP430F系列Flash型超低功耗16位单片机[M],北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2001
[23]魏小龙.MSP430系列单片机接口技术及系统设计实例[M],北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002.11
[24]胡大可.MSP430系列超低功耗16位单片机原理与应用[M],北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002[
25]秦龙,MSP430单片机c语言应用程序设计实例精讲[M],北京:电子工业出版社
[26]于复生,宋现春,艾兴,时钟芯片DS1302及其在数据记录中的应用[J],电子技术应用,2003,(3)
[27]胡振宇,刘鲁源,杜振辉DS18820接口的C语言程序设计[J],单片机嵌入式系统应用,2002,(7)
[28]郭晓林,彭放,一种实用智能温湿度传感器[J],传感器世界,1997,(10):41-43
[29]HUMIREL.Relative Humidity Sensor HS1101 Technical data book
[30]MSP430F44X Family User's Guide[J].www.ti.com,2005
[31]王幸之,单片机应用系统抗干扰技术[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2000
[32]何立明,单片机应用系统抗干扰技术[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2000
[33]夏路易,石宗义,电路原理图与电路板设计教程[M],北京:北京希望电子出版社,2002.6
[34]cc1100 datasheet.www.ti.com,2007
[35]msp430 inteface to cc1100 code library
[36]Using the CC1100/CC11500 in the European 433 and 868 MHz ISM bands[J].www.ti.com,2005
[37]CC1100/CC2500-Wake-on-Radio[J].www.ti.com,2005
[38]TilakS,Abu-Ghazaleh NB,Heinzelman W.A taxonomy of wireless Micro-sensor network models.Mobile Computing and CommunicationsReview,2002.1(2):1-8
[39]1J.M.Kahn,R.H.Katz,K.S.J.Pister,Next century challenges:mobile networking for"Smart Dust"ACM/IEEE networking,international conference Proceedings of the 5th annual on Mobile computing and p.271-278,August 15-19,1999,Seattle,Washington;United States
[40]Akyildiz LF,Su WL,Sankarasubramaniam Y,Cayirci E.A survey on sensor networks.IEEE Communications Magazine,2002.40(8):102-114
[41]H0.Asada G,Dong M,Lin TS,Newberg F,Pottie G,Kaiser WJ,Marcy Wireless integrated network sensors(WINS)for tactical information systems.In:Proceedings of the 1998 European Solid State Circuits Conference.New York:ACM Press,1998.15-20
[42]高鹏,安涛,寇怀成,电路设计与制版-prote199入门与提高[M],北京,人民邮电出版社
[2]胡崇岳,智能建筑自动化技术[M],北京,机械工业出版社,1999
[3]蒋仙华,智能家居系统的研究与开发[学位论文],浙江:浙江大学,2004,6-28
[4]龙邦贵.一个智能家居网络系统的研究和初步实现[学位论文],广东:广东工业大学,2003.5
[5]J Nemeroff,L Garcia,D Hampel.Application of sensor network communications[C].Militan Communications Conference 2001(MILCOM 2001).Commui}icalions for Network-Centric Operations:Creating the Information Force.IEEE.336-341.
[6]P Johnson.Remote continuous physiological monitoring in the home[J].Telemed Telecare,1996.2(02):107-113.
[7]J Enrique,DuarLe-Melo,L Mingyan.Dala-gathering wireless sensor networks:organization and capacity[J].Computer and Telecommunications Networking,2003.43(04):202-211.
[8]杨士元.数字家居网络技术及应用[M].电子上业出版社,2002.8
[9]http://www.smarthomecn.com/,中国智能家居网.
[10]张巍巍,基于无线传感器网络的智能家庭应用研究[学位论文],西安:西北工业大学硕士学位论文,2006.3
[11]郑娴,姚铭.智能家庭网络的研究现状与发展趋势.智能建筑与城市信息,2006.8
[12]赵虹钧.基于ZigBee技术的智能家居系统的设计[学位论文],,上海:上海交通大学,2007.1
[13]蔡型,张思全.短距离无线通信技术综述[J],现代电子技术,2004(3):65-67
[14]王英洲,方旭明.短距离无线通信主要技术与应用[J],数据通信,2004(4):53-56
[15]张海滨,郑维智.短距离无线通信在控制中的应用[J],微计算机信息,2004(11):129-130
[16]宋光明,葛运建,张建军等.基于蓝牙技术的智能机器人传感器网络研究[J],传感技术学报,2003(1):1-5.
[17]郝铁伟.基于无线传感器的监控网络系统设计[学位论文],武汉:武汉理工大学,2007.4
[18]李建中,李金宝,石胜坛.传感器网络及其数据管理的概念、问题与进展[J],软件学报,2004.14(10):1717-1727
[19]任丰原,黄海宁,林闯,无线传感器网络[J].软件学报,2003,14(7):1282-1291.
[20]马祖长,孙怡宁,梅涛,无线传感器网络络综述[J],通信学报,2004.25(4):114-124
[21]http://www.39.net/39健康网
[22]胡大可.MSP430F系列Flash型超低功耗16位单片机[M],北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2001
[23]魏小龙.MSP430系列单片机接口技术及系统设计实例[M],北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002.11
[24]胡大可.MSP430系列超低功耗16位单片机原理与应用[M],北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002[
25]秦龙,MSP430单片机c语言应用程序设计实例精讲[M],北京:电子工业出版社
[26]于复生,宋现春,艾兴,时钟芯片DS1302及其在数据记录中的应用[J],电子技术应用,2003,(3)
[27]胡振宇,刘鲁源,杜振辉DS18820接口的C语言程序设计[J],单片机嵌入式系统应用,2002,(7)
[28]郭晓林,彭放,一种实用智能温湿度传感器[J],传感器世界,1997,(10):41-43
[29]HUMIREL.Relative Humidity Sensor HS1101 Technical data book
[30]MSP430F44X Family User's Guide[J].www.ti.com,2005
[31]王幸之,单片机应用系统抗干扰技术[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2000
[32]何立明,单片机应用系统抗干扰技术[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2000
[33]夏路易,石宗义,电路原理图与电路板设计教程[M],北京:北京希望电子出版社,2002.6
[34]cc1100 datasheet.www.ti.com,2007
[35]msp430 inteface to cc1100 code library
[36]Using the CC1100/CC11500 in the European 433 and 868 MHz ISM bands[J].www.ti.com,2005
[37]CC1100/CC2500-Wake-on-Radio[J].www.ti.com,2005
[38]TilakS,Abu-Ghazaleh NB,Heinzelman W.A taxonomy of wireless Micro-sensor network models.Mobile Computing and CommunicationsReview,2002.1(2):1-8
[39]1J.M.Kahn,R.H.Katz,K.S.J.Pister,Next century challenges:mobile networking for"Smart Dust"ACM/IEEE networking,international conference Proceedings of the 5th annual on Mobile computing and p.271-278,August 15-19,1999,Seattle,Washington;United States
[40]Akyildiz LF,Su WL,Sankarasubramaniam Y,Cayirci E.A survey on sensor networks.IEEE Communications Magazine,2002.40(8):102-114
[41]H0.Asada G,Dong M,Lin TS,Newberg F,Pottie G,Kaiser WJ,Marcy Wireless integrated network sensors(WINS)for tactical information systems.In:Proceedings of the 1998 European Solid State Circuits Conference.New York:ACM Press,1998.15-20
[42]高鹏,安涛,寇怀成,电路设计与制版-prote199入门与提高[M],北京,人民邮电出版社