嵌入式WEB服务器的设计与实现
摘要
随着计算机技术和通讯技术的不断发展,互联网和嵌入式智能仪器得到越来越广泛的应用,人类社会进入后PC时代。在嵌入式应用领域里,如何将Internet资源应用到嵌入式设备中,使人们可以无需设计专用的图形用户界面(GUI)来方便地实现对嵌入式设备的远程监测和控制,这已成为当今IT界的热门研究课题。
本论文在查阅大量中英文资料的基础上,首先讨论了基于ARM7的嵌入式Internet技术,介绍了嵌入式网络通信技术的基础知识,然后根据嵌入式设备的特点,对标准TCP/IP协议进行了合理的简化,实现了符合ARM7单片机的嵌入式精简TCP/IP协议栈。协议栈实现的协议包括:ARP(地址解析协议)、IP(网际协议)、ICMP(网络控制报文协议)、TCP(传输控制协议)和HTTP(超文本传输协议)。
在协议栈的基础上,实现了简单的嵌入式Web服务器。本论文结合嵌入式技术、串行通讯技术和互联网通讯技术,介绍了嵌入式Web服务器的具体实现过程。本论文采用LPC2132+ENC28J60+H1102的硬件构架,基于超文本传输协议(HTTP)传输控制数据和用户信息,本论文设计了微型嵌入式WEB服务器,通过以太网和HTTP数据传输共享以单片机应用系统为中心的小型嵌入式设备的信息,实现了嵌入式系统的Internet接入,Internet上的远程用户就可以通过浏览器访问嵌入式Web服务器,进而实现对嵌入式系统的远程控制和监测。
本论文最后对一个基于嵌入式WEB服务器的应用系统进行了调试、测验,验证了其网关功能和采集、传输功能的可靠性与稳定性、WEB页面的实现等等,证明了嵌入式WEB服务器可为家电联网、以及其它嵌入式应用系统的远程控制、远程数据采集等提供一种新的良好的解决方案。
With the development of computer and communication technology, the use of Internet and embedded intelligent instruments has steadily increased ,this trend makes the whole human-being society get into the Post-PC era. In the domain of embedded system application, it becomes a hot issue in the IT world how to add the Internet to embedded system to help people control and monitor remote embedded devices conveniently without dedicated GUI(Graphic User Interface).
On the basis of the a large number of English and Chinese literature, This paper firstly introduces the embedded Internet technology based on 32-bit ARM7 MCU,the basic knowledge of embedded Internet communication is introduced too. And then the refined embedded TCP/IP stack is expanded, which is simplified from standard TCP/IP in accordance with the characteristics of embedded devices. The embedded TCP/IP stack described in the paper is suitable for ARM7 MCU. The stack includes ARP(Address Resolution Protocol),IP(Internet Protocol), ICMP(Internet Control Message Protocol),TCP(Transport Control Protocol), and HTTP(HyperText Transfer Protocol).
The embedded Web server is discussed on the basis of embedded TCP/IP stack.The embedded system technology, serial and Internet communication technology are combined and the implementation techniques of an embedded Web server are introduced in detail. This paper describes how to use the LPC2132+ENC28J60+H1102 hardware structure as a micro web server to send messages using the Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) which is good for sending control data and user data to devices, With Ethernet and HTTP data transmission,small embedded systems centered on MCU can be interconnected to the Internet and share their the information. Thus, Remote users on Internet can visit this Web Server through Web Browser to monitor and control the embedded systems.
Finally, several experiments are designed to debug and validate the system function of gateway , to test reliability and stability in the process of data transportation,to realize implementation of an embedded web sever etc. It can provide a kind of new good solution for the home appliances accessing Internet, and the other embedded systems' distant control and data-acquisition .
本论文在查阅大量中英文资料的基础上,首先讨论了基于ARM7的嵌入式Internet技术,介绍了嵌入式网络通信技术的基础知识,然后根据嵌入式设备的特点,对标准TCP/IP协议进行了合理的简化,实现了符合ARM7单片机的嵌入式精简TCP/IP协议栈。协议栈实现的协议包括:ARP(地址解析协议)、IP(网际协议)、ICMP(网络控制报文协议)、TCP(传输控制协议)和HTTP(超文本传输协议)。
在协议栈的基础上,实现了简单的嵌入式Web服务器。本论文结合嵌入式技术、串行通讯技术和互联网通讯技术,介绍了嵌入式Web服务器的具体实现过程。本论文采用LPC2132+ENC28J60+H1102的硬件构架,基于超文本传输协议(HTTP)传输控制数据和用户信息,本论文设计了微型嵌入式WEB服务器,通过以太网和HTTP数据传输共享以单片机应用系统为中心的小型嵌入式设备的信息,实现了嵌入式系统的Internet接入,Internet上的远程用户就可以通过浏览器访问嵌入式Web服务器,进而实现对嵌入式系统的远程控制和监测。
本论文最后对一个基于嵌入式WEB服务器的应用系统进行了调试、测验,验证了其网关功能和采集、传输功能的可靠性与稳定性、WEB页面的实现等等,证明了嵌入式WEB服务器可为家电联网、以及其它嵌入式应用系统的远程控制、远程数据采集等提供一种新的良好的解决方案。
With the development of computer and communication technology, the use of Internet and embedded intelligent instruments has steadily increased ,this trend makes the whole human-being society get into the Post-PC era. In the domain of embedded system application, it becomes a hot issue in the IT world how to add the Internet to embedded system to help people control and monitor remote embedded devices conveniently without dedicated GUI(Graphic User Interface).
On the basis of the a large number of English and Chinese literature, This paper firstly introduces the embedded Internet technology based on 32-bit ARM7 MCU,the basic knowledge of embedded Internet communication is introduced too. And then the refined embedded TCP/IP stack is expanded, which is simplified from standard TCP/IP in accordance with the characteristics of embedded devices. The embedded TCP/IP stack described in the paper is suitable for ARM7 MCU. The stack includes ARP(Address Resolution Protocol),IP(Internet Protocol), ICMP(Internet Control Message Protocol),TCP(Transport Control Protocol), and HTTP(HyperText Transfer Protocol).
The embedded Web server is discussed on the basis of embedded TCP/IP stack.The embedded system technology, serial and Internet communication technology are combined and the implementation techniques of an embedded Web server are introduced in detail. This paper describes how to use the LPC2132+ENC28J60+H1102 hardware structure as a micro web server to send messages using the Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) which is good for sending control data and user data to devices, With Ethernet and HTTP data transmission,small embedded systems centered on MCU can be interconnected to the Internet and share their the information. Thus, Remote users on Internet can visit this Web Server through Web Browser to monitor and control the embedded systems.
Finally, several experiments are designed to debug and validate the system function of gateway , to test reliability and stability in the process of data transportation,to realize implementation of an embedded web sever etc. It can provide a kind of new good solution for the home appliances accessing Internet, and the other embedded systems' distant control and data-acquisition .
引文
[01]赵海.嵌入式Internet-21世纪的一场信息技术革命.北京:清华大学出版社,2001年
[02]魏忠,蔡勇,雷红卫著.嵌入式开发详解.电子工业出版社,2003.1.第一版
[03]王田苗.嵌入式系统设计与实例开发—基于ARM微处理器与μC/OS-Ⅱ实时操作系统[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003,5-8,21-26,124-129
[04]卞正刚.论嵌入式系统的发展[J].仪器仪表与分析检测.2004(1)1-3.
[05]张运杰.基于8位微控制器的嵌入式Internet研究与实现及其在远程视频监控中的应用[D]:[硕士学位论文].天津:天津师范大学,2004
[06]Jen-Hao Teng,Chin-Yuan Tseng,Yu-Hung Chen.Integration of Networked Embedded Systems into Power Equipment Remote Control and Monitoring.0-7803-8560-8/04 2004IEEE
[07]Fitzpatrick T.Live remote control of a robot via the Internet[J].Robotics &Automation Magazine.1999.6(3):7-8.
[08]Alberto Rovetta,Remo Sala.Remote control in telerobotic surgery.IEEE Transaction of System,Vol 26.No.4.July 1996.
[09]姚光开,于永棠,柴乔林.微型TCP/IP协议栈的设计与实现.计算机应用,2003,23(9):82-84.
[10]卿立军.嵌入式Internet中轻量级TCP/IP协议栈的研究与实现[D]:[硕士学位论文].长沙:湖南大学,2004
[11]ARM7TDMI-S(REV4).技术参考手册,广州周立功单片机发展有限公司
[12]Thomas P.von Hoff,Mario Crevatin.HTTP Digest Authentication in Embedded Automation Systems.0-7803-7937-3 2003 IEEE
[13]David Seal.Arm Architecture Reference Mannual.Person Education Limited,2001.
[14]Philips Corporation.LPC213X User Manual.Rev01—24 June.2005.
[15]周立功.ARM嵌入式系统基础教程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.1
[16]何立明.单片机应用系统抗干扰技术[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2000.
[17]老古网站http://www.laogu.com
[18]Philips Corporation.LPC213X User Manual.Rev01—24 June.2005.
[19]LM1117 User Manual.2004.
[20]王正洪,周振环.微机接口与应用[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2000.
[21]Sipex Corporation.SP708R/S/T User Manual.2004.
[22]周晓阳,程红,张晓媛.新型以太网控制器ENC28J60及其接口技术[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用.2006(9).22-24
[23]Microchip Technology Inc.ENC28J60 Data Sheet.2006.
[24]张绮文,谢建雄,谢劲心.ARM嵌入式常用模块与综合系统设计[M].北京;电子工业出版社.2007.1.
[25]Anduew S.Tanenbaum.计算机网络.清华大学出版社.2000,10
[26]周立功.ARM嵌入式系统软件开发实例(一)[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.11.
[27]王田苗.嵌入式系统设计与实例开发[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002:1-5.
[28]杨显强,田远富.嵌入式系统中LCD驱动的实现原理[J]今日电子.2005(8):65-67
[29]Dallas Inc.DS18B20 Data Sheet.
[30]杨军,龚雪容,徐廷.嵌入式系统中的液晶显示屏及其控制[J].信息工程大学学报.2005.12,6(4):55-58.
[31]李道华,李玲,朱艳.传感器电路分析与设计[M].武汉大学出版社.2000
[32]马忠梅,马广云.ARM嵌入式处理器结构与应用基础[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社.2002
[33]LCD1602 Data Sheet.
[34]张伟,徐烁.嵌入式系统前景无限—访美国WindRiver公司中国区首席代表韩青先生[J].半导体技术,2002(2)37-39.
[35]刘汉轮.嵌入式系统的INTERNET接入实现[J].南京:工业控制计算机,2003,16(12):21-24.
[36]张满怀.嵌入式TCP/IP协议研究与实现[J].广州:广东工业大学学报.2001.4.
[37]赵杰,张凡.工业以太网技术应用与发展.仪器仪表用户.2004.11(1):1-2.
[38]Filman R.E.Embedded internet systems come home.Internet Computing.IEEE Volume5,Issue 1,Jan-Feb.2001 Page(s):52-53.
[39]郝洁,王慕坤.嵌入式TCP/IP技术研究及应用.哈尔滨理工大学学报.2004.9(2):100-102.
[40]Lee B.H.Embedded Internet System:Poised for Takeoff[Embedded System].Internet Computing,IEEE Volume 2.Issue 3.May-June 1998 Page(s):24-29.
[41]康静秋,李明,贾智平.嵌入式互联网接口的设计与开发[J].计算机工程.2003.29(1):228-230
[42]Kenneth D.Reed.TCP/IP基础[M].3COM公司译。北京:电子工业出版社
[43]Douglas E.Comer.著,林瑶登译.用TCP/IP进行网际互联第一卷:原理、协议和结构(第四版)[M].电子工业出版社.2001.
[44]Heather Osterloh.TCP/IP Primer Plus.POST&TELECOMMUNICATIONS PRESS.2002.3
[45]W.Richard Stevens.TCP/IP Illustrated volume 1:The Protocols.2002
[46]关沫,关海.一个嵌入式Internet软件开发平台的研究与实现.计算机工程.2004.30(20):30-31
[47]沈刚.新型工业以太网介质访问协议.上海交通大学学报。2002.12(3):43-46.
[48]Jack W.Szymanski.Embedded Internet Technology In Process Control Device.Factory Communication Systems.2002.Proceedings.2000 IEEE International Workshop on 6-8 Sept.2000 Page(s):301-308.
[49]熊海泉.μC/OS-Ⅱ下Lwip协议的移植实现[J].华东交通大学信息工程学院 南昌:科技广场,2005.2 78-79
[50]阙大顺,王劲涛.lwIP协议在μC/OS-Ⅱ系统上的移植和实现[J].舰船电子工程.2006.154(4):89-91.
[51]Adam Dunkels.Design and Implementation of the lwIP TCP/IP Stack.Swedish Institute of Science.2001.2
[52]lwIP-A Lightweight TCP/IP Stack.http://www.sics.se/～adam/lwip
[53]Laplante Phillips A.Real-time Systems Design and Analysis,An Enginneer's Handbook [M].Piscataway New Jersey.US:IEEE Computer Society Press.1992.
[54]Jack W.Szymanski.Embedded Internet Technology In Process Control Device.Factory Communication Systems.2002.Proceedings.2000 IEEE International Workshop on 6-8 Sept.2000 Page(s):301-308.
[55]陈积明.工业以太网的研究现状及展望化工自动化及仪表.2003.30(1):48-51.
[56]杨心怀,周洁.ARM芯片的应用和选型[J].设计策略与方法,2004(1),41-44
[57]夏路易,石宗义.电路原理图与电路板设计教程[M].北京:北京希望电子出版社,2002.6
[58]Mazzoni Luca.Power Aware Design for Embedded Systems[J].IEEE Electronics Systems and Software.2003.1(5):12-17.
[02]魏忠,蔡勇,雷红卫著.嵌入式开发详解.电子工业出版社,2003.1.第一版
[03]王田苗.嵌入式系统设计与实例开发—基于ARM微处理器与μC/OS-Ⅱ实时操作系统[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003,5-8,21-26,124-129
[04]卞正刚.论嵌入式系统的发展[J].仪器仪表与分析检测.2004(1)1-3.
[05]张运杰.基于8位微控制器的嵌入式Internet研究与实现及其在远程视频监控中的应用[D]:[硕士学位论文].天津:天津师范大学,2004
[06]Jen-Hao Teng,Chin-Yuan Tseng,Yu-Hung Chen.Integration of Networked Embedded Systems into Power Equipment Remote Control and Monitoring.0-7803-8560-8/04 2004IEEE
[07]Fitzpatrick T.Live remote control of a robot via the Internet[J].Robotics &Automation Magazine.1999.6(3):7-8.
[08]Alberto Rovetta,Remo Sala.Remote control in telerobotic surgery.IEEE Transaction of System,Vol 26.No.4.July 1996.
[09]姚光开,于永棠,柴乔林.微型TCP/IP协议栈的设计与实现.计算机应用,2003,23(9):82-84.
[10]卿立军.嵌入式Internet中轻量级TCP/IP协议栈的研究与实现[D]:[硕士学位论文].长沙:湖南大学,2004
[11]ARM7TDMI-S(REV4).技术参考手册,广州周立功单片机发展有限公司
[12]Thomas P.von Hoff,Mario Crevatin.HTTP Digest Authentication in Embedded Automation Systems.0-7803-7937-3 2003 IEEE
[13]David Seal.Arm Architecture Reference Mannual.Person Education Limited,2001.
[14]Philips Corporation.LPC213X User Manual.Rev01—24 June.2005.
[15]周立功.ARM嵌入式系统基础教程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.1
[16]何立明.单片机应用系统抗干扰技术[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2000.
[17]老古网站http://www.laogu.com
[18]Philips Corporation.LPC213X User Manual.Rev01—24 June.2005.
[19]LM1117 User Manual.2004.
[20]王正洪,周振环.微机接口与应用[M].北京:中国石化出版社,2000.
[21]Sipex Corporation.SP708R/S/T User Manual.2004.
[22]周晓阳,程红,张晓媛.新型以太网控制器ENC28J60及其接口技术[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用.2006(9).22-24
[23]Microchip Technology Inc.ENC28J60 Data Sheet.2006.
[24]张绮文,谢建雄,谢劲心.ARM嵌入式常用模块与综合系统设计[M].北京;电子工业出版社.2007.1.
[25]Anduew S.Tanenbaum.计算机网络.清华大学出版社.2000,10
[26]周立功.ARM嵌入式系统软件开发实例(一)[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.11.
[27]王田苗.嵌入式系统设计与实例开发[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002:1-5.
[28]杨显强,田远富.嵌入式系统中LCD驱动的实现原理[J]今日电子.2005(8):65-67
[29]Dallas Inc.DS18B20 Data Sheet.
[30]杨军,龚雪容,徐廷.嵌入式系统中的液晶显示屏及其控制[J].信息工程大学学报.2005.12,6(4):55-58.
[31]李道华,李玲,朱艳.传感器电路分析与设计[M].武汉大学出版社.2000
[32]马忠梅,马广云.ARM嵌入式处理器结构与应用基础[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社.2002
[33]LCD1602 Data Sheet.
[34]张伟,徐烁.嵌入式系统前景无限—访美国WindRiver公司中国区首席代表韩青先生[J].半导体技术,2002(2)37-39.
[35]刘汉轮.嵌入式系统的INTERNET接入实现[J].南京:工业控制计算机,2003,16(12):21-24.
[36]张满怀.嵌入式TCP/IP协议研究与实现[J].广州:广东工业大学学报.2001.4.
[37]赵杰,张凡.工业以太网技术应用与发展.仪器仪表用户.2004.11(1):1-2.
[38]Filman R.E.Embedded internet systems come home.Internet Computing.IEEE Volume5,Issue 1,Jan-Feb.2001 Page(s):52-53.
[39]郝洁,王慕坤.嵌入式TCP/IP技术研究及应用.哈尔滨理工大学学报.2004.9(2):100-102.
[40]Lee B.H.Embedded Internet System:Poised for Takeoff[Embedded System].Internet Computing,IEEE Volume 2.Issue 3.May-June 1998 Page(s):24-29.
[41]康静秋,李明,贾智平.嵌入式互联网接口的设计与开发[J].计算机工程.2003.29(1):228-230
[42]Kenneth D.Reed.TCP/IP基础[M].3COM公司译。北京:电子工业出版社
[43]Douglas E.Comer.著,林瑶登译.用TCP/IP进行网际互联第一卷:原理、协议和结构(第四版)[M].电子工业出版社.2001.
[44]Heather Osterloh.TCP/IP Primer Plus.POST&TELECOMMUNICATIONS PRESS.2002.3
[45]W.Richard Stevens.TCP/IP Illustrated volume 1:The Protocols.2002
[46]关沫,关海.一个嵌入式Internet软件开发平台的研究与实现.计算机工程.2004.30(20):30-31
[47]沈刚.新型工业以太网介质访问协议.上海交通大学学报。2002.12(3):43-46.
[48]Jack W.Szymanski.Embedded Internet Technology In Process Control Device.Factory Communication Systems.2002.Proceedings.2000 IEEE International Workshop on 6-8 Sept.2000 Page(s):301-308.
[49]熊海泉.μC/OS-Ⅱ下Lwip协议的移植实现[J].华东交通大学信息工程学院 南昌:科技广场,2005.2 78-79
[50]阙大顺,王劲涛.lwIP协议在μC/OS-Ⅱ系统上的移植和实现[J].舰船电子工程.2006.154(4):89-91.
[51]Adam Dunkels.Design and Implementation of the lwIP TCP/IP Stack.Swedish Institute of Science.2001.2
[52]lwIP-A Lightweight TCP/IP Stack.http://www.sics.se/～adam/lwip
[53]Laplante Phillips A.Real-time Systems Design and Analysis,An Enginneer's Handbook [M].Piscataway New Jersey.US:IEEE Computer Society Press.1992.
[54]Jack W.Szymanski.Embedded Internet Technology In Process Control Device.Factory Communication Systems.2002.Proceedings.2000 IEEE International Workshop on 6-8 Sept.2000 Page(s):301-308.
[55]陈积明.工业以太网的研究现状及展望化工自动化及仪表.2003.30(1):48-51.
[56]杨心怀,周洁.ARM芯片的应用和选型[J].设计策略与方法,2004(1),41-44
[57]夏路易,石宗义.电路原理图与电路板设计教程[M].北京:北京希望电子出版社,2002.6
[58]Mazzoni Luca.Power Aware Design for Embedded Systems[J].IEEE Electronics Systems and Software.2003.1(5):12-17.