正交插值与脉冲压缩算法及其滤波器的优化设计
|
摘要
正交插值与脉冲压缩算法是目前雷达接收机信号处理的常用算法。正交插值实际上是对接收到的回波实信号进行正交采样。过去的模拟方法难以保证IQ两路信号的正交性,随着数字信号处理技术的发展,直接中频采样的应用逐渐普及,旧的模拟下变频方式已经为新的数字下变频所取代。脉冲压缩则是为了很好的解决雷达的检测能力和分辨力之间的矛盾,这种技术以发射大时宽带宽信号然后对接收到的信号进行匹配滤波来实现。
本文分析了在正交插值前端A/D变换中采样率的选择与正交插值低通滤波器的阶数的关系,得到公式化的表达式,可为正交采样参数设计提供参考;针对传统的正交插值及脉冲压缩算法中的波形畸变提出了改进方案,并通过仿真实验得到较好的效果;为扩大雷达的探测距离,提出部分脉压的方案,详细分析了其理论意义及实现方法。对雷达测速方法作了较为深入的研究,讨论了双通道测速法和正负斜率线性调频脉冲测速法。最后介绍了以上算法在DSP芯片TS101上的编程实现,总结了几种常用的DSP程序的优化方法。
The algorithm quardrature sampling with pulse compression is most often used in modern Radar receiver. Quardrature sampling is, in fact, sampling in Radar’s echo signal to produce the inphase components I(n) and quadrature components Q(n). The former old analog way couldn’t assure the phase and amplitude performance of I/Q channel. But with the development of digital processing technique, the use of sampling in intermediate frequency is gradually popularized, old analog way has been replaced by new digital way. Pulse compression is in order to solve the conflict of radar’s ability to detect targets and to distinguish targets. This technique is realized by sending LFM signal of large time-width and bandwidth and then making matched filtering to the echo signal.
This paper analysized the relationship between sampling frequency fs and the taps N of low pass filter in A/D transform and got a formula expression, which can give reference to the parameter design of quadrature sampling.; aiming at the wave distortion in traditional arithmetic of quadrature sampling with pulse compression, an improved algorithm has been studied and validated in Matlab and get perfecter result. In order to enlarge the detect distance of Radar, a method of part pulse compression is put forward, the realistic sense and the implement scheme is analysized. Further study is made on target velocity measurement of radar, double-channel filter method and another one which based on chirp up and chirp down signal are discussed. At last, all the algorithm discussed above are programmed on DSP TS101 and some typical programme optimizing ways in assembly language are summarized.
本文分析了在正交插值前端A/D变换中采样率的选择与正交插值低通滤波器的阶数的关系,得到公式化的表达式,可为正交采样参数设计提供参考;针对传统的正交插值及脉冲压缩算法中的波形畸变提出了改进方案,并通过仿真实验得到较好的效果;为扩大雷达的探测距离,提出部分脉压的方案,详细分析了其理论意义及实现方法。对雷达测速方法作了较为深入的研究,讨论了双通道测速法和正负斜率线性调频脉冲测速法。最后介绍了以上算法在DSP芯片TS101上的编程实现,总结了几种常用的DSP程序的优化方法。
The algorithm quardrature sampling with pulse compression is most often used in modern Radar receiver. Quardrature sampling is, in fact, sampling in Radar’s echo signal to produce the inphase components I(n) and quadrature components Q(n). The former old analog way couldn’t assure the phase and amplitude performance of I/Q channel. But with the development of digital processing technique, the use of sampling in intermediate frequency is gradually popularized, old analog way has been replaced by new digital way. Pulse compression is in order to solve the conflict of radar’s ability to detect targets and to distinguish targets. This technique is realized by sending LFM signal of large time-width and bandwidth and then making matched filtering to the echo signal.
This paper analysized the relationship between sampling frequency fs and the taps N of low pass filter in A/D transform and got a formula expression, which can give reference to the parameter design of quadrature sampling.; aiming at the wave distortion in traditional arithmetic of quadrature sampling with pulse compression, an improved algorithm has been studied and validated in Matlab and get perfecter result. In order to enlarge the detect distance of Radar, a method of part pulse compression is put forward, the realistic sense and the implement scheme is analysized. Further study is made on target velocity measurement of radar, double-channel filter method and another one which based on chirp up and chirp down signal are discussed. At last, all the algorithm discussed above are programmed on DSP TS101 and some typical programme optimizing ways in assembly language are summarized.
引文
[1]. 杨小牛,楼才义,徐建良,《软件无线电原理与应用》,电子工业出版社,2001:8-20。
[2]. 苏涛,强生斌,吴顺君,“数字正交采样与脉压的高效算法实现”,《现代雷达》,2001,23(1):39-48。
[3].Kong-Pang Pun, José Epifanio da Franca, Carlos Azeredo-Leme, and Ricardo Reis.“Quadrature Sampling Schemes With Improved Image Rejection”. IEEE Trans. On Circuits And Systems--I: Analog And Digital Signal Processing, 2003,Vol. 50, No. 9:641-648.
[4].林茂庸,柯有安,《雷达信号理论》,国防工业出版社,1984:128-146。
[5].刘书明,刘斌编著,《高性能数模与模数转换器件》,西安电子科技大学出版社,2000。
[6].苏涛,蔡建隆,何学辉编著,《DSP 接口电路设计与编程》,西安电子科技大学出版社,2003。
[7].赵树理,史林等编著,《数字信号处理》,西安电子科技大学出版社,1997。
[8].楼顺天,李博菡编著,《基于 matlab 的系统分析与设计》,西安电子科技大学出版社,1999。
[9]. Bellanger M. Digital Processing of Signals. New York: Willy & Sons,1984。
[10].胡广书编著,《数字信号处理》,清华大学出版社,2002。
[11].吴大正,杨耀林,张永瑞编著,《信号线性系统分析》,高等教育出版社,1998。
[12].向敬成,张明友编著,《雷达系统》,电子工业出版社,1998。
[13].Leoplod E. Pellon. “A Double Nyquist Digital Product Detector for Quadrature Sampling”. IEEE Trans On Signal Processing.1992,Vol. 40 No 7:1670-1680。.
[14].侯朝焕,阎世尊,蒋银林,《实用 FFT 技术》,海洋出版社,1990:42-54。.
[15].潘明海,刘芬,邸建红,带通信号的数字正交采样及信号处理,《燕山大学学报》,2003,27(3):272-274。
[16]. Pui-In Mak, Seng-Pan U and R.P. Martins. “Two-step channel selection technique by programmable digital-double quadrature sampling for complex low-IF receivers”. Electronics Letters.2003, Vol. 39,825-827.
[17].李文臣,丹梅,王雪松,王国玉,“单个线性调频脉冲信号测速方法之研究”,《雷达科学与技术》,2004,2(1),11-16
[18].丁鹭飞,耿富录编著,《雷达原理》,西安电子科技大学出版社,2002
[19].龙腾,毛二可,何佩琨,调频步进雷达信号分析与处理[J]. 电子学报,1998,12(12):84-88.
[20].范玉芳,梁甸农,子脉冲线性调频步进雷达信号分析[J],《信号处理》,2001,17(4):318-321.
[21].刘宏伟,王俊,张守宏,运动目标环境下步进频率信号的设计及处理[J],《西安电子科技大学学报》,1997,24(12 Sup.):60-63。[23].Analog Devices.《TS101? DSP Hardware Specification Part # ADSP-TS101S》 Revision 1.0.2, March 2002
[24].Analog Devices《.TS101? DSP professor programming referrance》. revision 1.0, January 2003
[25].刘书明,苏涛等编著,《Tiger SHARC DSP 应用系统设计》,电子工业出版社,2004.6
[2]. 苏涛,强生斌,吴顺君,“数字正交采样与脉压的高效算法实现”,《现代雷达》,2001,23(1):39-48。
[3].Kong-Pang Pun, José Epifanio da Franca, Carlos Azeredo-Leme, and Ricardo Reis.“Quadrature Sampling Schemes With Improved Image Rejection”. IEEE Trans. On Circuits And Systems--I: Analog And Digital Signal Processing, 2003,Vol. 50, No. 9:641-648.
[4].林茂庸,柯有安,《雷达信号理论》,国防工业出版社,1984:128-146。
[5].刘书明,刘斌编著,《高性能数模与模数转换器件》,西安电子科技大学出版社,2000。
[6].苏涛,蔡建隆,何学辉编著,《DSP 接口电路设计与编程》,西安电子科技大学出版社,2003。
[7].赵树理,史林等编著,《数字信号处理》,西安电子科技大学出版社,1997。
[8].楼顺天,李博菡编著,《基于 matlab 的系统分析与设计》,西安电子科技大学出版社,1999。
[9]. Bellanger M. Digital Processing of Signals. New York: Willy & Sons,1984。
[10].胡广书编著,《数字信号处理》,清华大学出版社,2002。
[11].吴大正,杨耀林,张永瑞编著,《信号线性系统分析》,高等教育出版社,1998。
[12].向敬成,张明友编著,《雷达系统》,电子工业出版社,1998。
[13].Leoplod E. Pellon. “A Double Nyquist Digital Product Detector for Quadrature Sampling”. IEEE Trans On Signal Processing.1992,Vol. 40 No 7:1670-1680。.
[14].侯朝焕,阎世尊,蒋银林,《实用 FFT 技术》,海洋出版社,1990:42-54。.
[15].潘明海,刘芬,邸建红,带通信号的数字正交采样及信号处理,《燕山大学学报》,2003,27(3):272-274。
[16]. Pui-In Mak, Seng-Pan U and R.P. Martins. “Two-step channel selection technique by programmable digital-double quadrature sampling for complex low-IF receivers”. Electronics Letters.2003, Vol. 39,825-827.
[17].李文臣,丹梅,王雪松,王国玉,“单个线性调频脉冲信号测速方法之研究”,《雷达科学与技术》,2004,2(1),11-16
[18].丁鹭飞,耿富录编著,《雷达原理》,西安电子科技大学出版社,2002
[19].龙腾,毛二可,何佩琨,调频步进雷达信号分析与处理[J]. 电子学报,1998,12(12):84-88.
[20].范玉芳,梁甸农,子脉冲线性调频步进雷达信号分析[J],《信号处理》,2001,17(4):318-321.
[21].刘宏伟,王俊,张守宏,运动目标环境下步进频率信号的设计及处理[J],《西安电子科技大学学报》,1997,24(12 Sup.):60-63。[23].Analog Devices.《TS101? DSP Hardware Specification Part # ADSP-TS101S》 Revision 1.0.2, March 2002
[24].Analog Devices《.TS101? DSP professor programming referrance》. revision 1.0, January 2003
[25].刘书明,苏涛等编著,《Tiger SHARC DSP 应用系统设计》,电子工业出版社,2004.6