高速DSP-X射线图像噪声去除系统
|
摘要
与其它X射线成像器件相比，MCP(Micro-Channel Plate)-X射线像增强器具有体积小、重量轻、分辨率高等优点，目前已被广泛应用在医疗检查、工业探伤等领域。然而由于MCP-X射线像增强器输出图像存在着不可避免的随机噪声，在市场广阔的多层PCB(Print Circuit Plate)制作钻孔定位、BGA(Ball Grade Array)芯片安装质量检查等对噪声控制要求比较高的领域，MCP-X射线像增强器的应用遇到了困难。因此设计一种可用于MCP-X射线像增强器图像噪声去除的系统具有十分重要的应用价值。本文的目标是研制一套可用于X射线图像噪声处理的软硬件系统。
本文的主要内容有以下几个方面：
(1)MCP-X射线像增强器图像噪声来源分析及其图像处理算法的研究：从MCP-X射线像增强器的结构及成像原理出发全面分析了MCP-X射线像增强器图像噪声的各个来源，根据其图像噪声的特点及产生原因提出了“多帧图像平均+极值中值滤波”的图像处理算法。
(2)高速DSP-X射线图像噪声去除系统的研究：为达到能够实时处理X射线图像中大量的随机噪声，采用高性能DSP作为实时图像处理系统的硬件核心，系统可以脱离计算机独立运行，保证具有小型化和使用方便的优势。
(3)高速DSP-X射线图像噪声去除系统硬件设计研究：通过对高速DSP和存储器等技术进行研究，论证设计高速DSP-X射线图像噪声去除系统的总体框架，对使用的器件进行合理的选择，设计完整的电路原理图，完成电路板的设计与制作。通过系统的初步调试表明系统的硬件设计是正确可行的，为X射线图像实时处理奠定了硬件平台基础。
(4)高速DSP-X射线图像噪声去除系统软件设计研究：在分析DSP应用软件开发方法的基础上，完成了系统硬件驱动软件的编写、程序在线装载的设计、中断服务子程序等。最后利用该系统搭建了X射线成像实验装置，进行了X射线图像噪声实时去除的实验，取得了比较满意的实验结果，并对实验中存在的问题提出了改进意见。
Compared with other X-ray imaging devices, the MCP (Micro-ChannelPlate) X-ray image intensifier is smaller, lighter and has higherresolutions. The MCP X-ray image intensifier is widely used in medicaland industrial inspection field. Because of its characters, the outputimage from the MCP X-ray image intensifier has a lot of noises, it isdifficult to apply in the fields that need high clean images, such as themultilayer PCB(Print Circuit Plate) manufacture and BGA(Ball Grade Array)chips joint quality checking field. It is necessary to design an X-rayimage noise eliminating system.
The main content of this thesis:
(1) Research on the source of MCP X-ray image noises and the methodof image signal processing. It has analyzed the sources of the image noisesof the MCP X-ray image intensifier. It suggested an image processingmethod called Multi Frame Average and Median Filter.
(2) Research on high speed DSP image processing system. In order todecrease the noises of the X-ray image in real time, the system adoptedhigh speed DSP processor as the core. The system can run independentlywithout the computer, it is small and convenient.
(3) Research on the DSP image processing system hardware designing.Through the research on the high speed DSP and memory technology, it hasdesigned the main structure of the DSP image processing system. It choosedthe proper devices and designs the schematic diagrams. It established thehardware platform of the DSP image processing system.
(4) Research on the DSP image processing system software designing.Through the research on the DSP software designing, it has designed thehardware drivers, the bootloader routine and the image processing routine. With the DSP image processing system, it has done an X-ray image noiseelimiting experiment, the results of this experiment is acceptable. Atlast it suggested some advices about this system.
本文的主要内容有以下几个方面：
(1)MCP-X射线像增强器图像噪声来源分析及其图像处理算法的研究：从MCP-X射线像增强器的结构及成像原理出发全面分析了MCP-X射线像增强器图像噪声的各个来源，根据其图像噪声的特点及产生原因提出了“多帧图像平均+极值中值滤波”的图像处理算法。
(2)高速DSP-X射线图像噪声去除系统的研究：为达到能够实时处理X射线图像中大量的随机噪声，采用高性能DSP作为实时图像处理系统的硬件核心，系统可以脱离计算机独立运行，保证具有小型化和使用方便的优势。
(3)高速DSP-X射线图像噪声去除系统硬件设计研究：通过对高速DSP和存储器等技术进行研究，论证设计高速DSP-X射线图像噪声去除系统的总体框架，对使用的器件进行合理的选择，设计完整的电路原理图，完成电路板的设计与制作。通过系统的初步调试表明系统的硬件设计是正确可行的，为X射线图像实时处理奠定了硬件平台基础。
(4)高速DSP-X射线图像噪声去除系统软件设计研究：在分析DSP应用软件开发方法的基础上，完成了系统硬件驱动软件的编写、程序在线装载的设计、中断服务子程序等。最后利用该系统搭建了X射线成像实验装置，进行了X射线图像噪声实时去除的实验，取得了比较满意的实验结果，并对实验中存在的问题提出了改进意见。
Compared with other X-ray imaging devices, the MCP (Micro-ChannelPlate) X-ray image intensifier is smaller, lighter and has higherresolutions. The MCP X-ray image intensifier is widely used in medicaland industrial inspection field. Because of its characters, the outputimage from the MCP X-ray image intensifier has a lot of noises, it isdifficult to apply in the fields that need high clean images, such as themultilayer PCB(Print Circuit Plate) manufacture and BGA(Ball Grade Array)chips joint quality checking field. It is necessary to design an X-rayimage noise eliminating system.
The main content of this thesis:
(1) Research on the source of MCP X-ray image noises and the methodof image signal processing. It has analyzed the sources of the image noisesof the MCP X-ray image intensifier. It suggested an image processingmethod called Multi Frame Average and Median Filter.
(2) Research on high speed DSP image processing system. In order todecrease the noises of the X-ray image in real time, the system adoptedhigh speed DSP processor as the core. The system can run independentlywithout the computer, it is small and convenient.
(3) Research on the DSP image processing system hardware designing.Through the research on the high speed DSP and memory technology, it hasdesigned the main structure of the DSP image processing system. It choosedthe proper devices and designs the schematic diagrams. It established thehardware platform of the DSP image processing system.
(4) Research on the DSP image processing system software designing.Through the research on the DSP software designing, it has designed thehardware drivers, the bootloader routine and the image processing routine. With the DSP image processing system, it has done an X-ray image noiseelimiting experiment, the results of this experiment is acceptable. Atlast it suggested some advices about this system.
引文
[1] 赵宝升．X射线像增强器像质评价，光子学报，Vol．20，1991(3)：292～299．
[2] 彭传谦．浅论SMT组装的检测方法，舰船电子工程，2002(2)：57～59．
[3] 李光．高密度PCB测试推动AXI技术进步，电子仪器，2002(8)：66～69．
[4] 但唐仁，田景全，高延军等．低强度x射线影像系统的噪声分析及图像去噪理，发光学报，Vol．23，2002(6)：615～618．
[5] 但唐仁，田景全，吴奎等．基于差分图像的多尺寸形态滤波在X射线影像系统的应用，长春大学理工学报，Vol．27，2004(2)：10～13．
[6] 但唐仁，田景全，李野等．基于多帧平均和小波分析的X射线影响图像去噪处理，长春大学理工学报，Vol．26，2003(2)：26～28．
[7] Texas Instruments. TMS320DM642 Video/Imaging Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor, www.ti.com.
[8] 任丽香．TMS320C6000系列DSPs的原理与应用，北京：电子工业出版社，2000.
[9] Texas Instruments. TMS320C64x DSP Video Port/VCXO Interpolated Control (VIC) Port Reference Guide, SPRU629
[10] Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000 DSP External Memory Interface (EMIF) Reference Guide, 2006.
[11] Texas Instruments. TMS320C64x DSP Two-Level Internal Memory Reference Guide, www.ti.com.
[12] Texas Instruments. ICS512 Datasheet:LOCO~(TM) PLL Clock Multiplier. www.ti.com.
[13] 任丽香，马淑芬，李方慧．TMS320C6000系列DSPs的原理与应用，北京：电子工业出版社，2000．
[14] Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000 EMIF to External Flash Memory, 1999.
[15] Texas Instruments. TMS320DM642 Video/Imaging Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor, www.ti.com.
[16] Texas Instruments. FlashBurn: A DSK Flash Memory Programmer, 2002.
[17] Texas Instruments. Hex Conversion Utility Description, 2005.
[18] Texas Instruments. Introduction to Common Object File Format, 2005.
[19] 陶珺，王鹏．基于TMS320C6000 DSP的嵌入式系统中引导方法的研究，计算机与数字工程，Vol．33，2005(7)：27-31．
[20] Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000 EMIF to External Flash MemorY, 1999.
[21] I.Y. SOON etc. An analogue Video Interface for generation-purpose DSP. Microprocessors and Microsystems, Vol. 25, 2001: 33-39.
[22] 顾海洲，马双武．PCB电磁兼容技术，北京：清华大学出版社，2004．
[23] Texas Instruments.TMS320C6000 Board Design:Considerations for Debug.Texas Instrument s Incorporated,1999.
[24] Dayid Bell.TMS320C6x Thenual Design Considerations.Texas Instrument Incorporatin,1998.
[25] High—speed Board Design Techniques.Vantis Incorporation,1997.
[26] JTAG Programmer Guide.http://WWW.xilinx.com/support/jtag.pdf.
[27] 尹勇，欧光军，关荣峰．DSP集成开发环境CCS丌发指南．北京：北京航天航空大学出版社，2004．
[28] Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000 Programmer's Guide, www.ti.com.
[29] Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000 Assembly Language Tools User's Guide, www.ti.com.
[30] Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000 Optimizing Compiler User's Guide, www.ti.com.
[31] Texas Instruments. TMS320 DSP/BIOS User's Guide, SPRU423,www.ti.com.
[32] Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000 DSP/BIOS Application Programming Interface(API) Reference Guide, SPRU403, www.ti.com.
[33] 李哲．基于图像检测的交通信号机技术研究．西北工业大学硕士论文，2005．
[34] 张勇．C／C++语言硬件程序设计．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2003
[35] 李方慧，王飞，何佩琨．TMS320C6000系列DSPs原理与应用，北京：电子工业出版社，2005．
[36] AMD. Am29LV800B datasheet, www.amd.com.
[37] 戴逸民，梁晓雯，裴小平．基于DSP的现代电子系统设计．北京：电子工业出版社，2002．
[38] 王红卫，徐海霞．ADSPTS101S与TMS320C6416性能的分析与比较，通信与测控，Vol．29，2005(1)：9-14．
[39] 潘俊杰，赵宝升，王俊锋，赛小锋．影响MCP-X射线像增强器分辨率的因素分析，光子学报．
[40] 徐大纶．变像管高速摄影．北京：科学出版社，1990：202
[41] 潘京生．微通道板及其主要特征性能．应用光学，2004，25(5)：25～29
[42] 陈敏，赵宝升．多狭缝条纹变像管的设计．光子学报，2006，35(9)：1309～1312
[43] 刘军，崔蔚，施将君等．影响X光源特性的参数研究．光子学报，2005，34(2)：209～213
[44] 王凯歌，牛憨笨，李冀等．一种新型微束斑X射线源的研究．光子学报，2004，33(6)：672～676
[2] 彭传谦．浅论SMT组装的检测方法，舰船电子工程，2002(2)：57～59．
[3] 李光．高密度PCB测试推动AXI技术进步，电子仪器，2002(8)：66～69．
[4] 但唐仁，田景全，高延军等．低强度x射线影像系统的噪声分析及图像去噪理，发光学报，Vol．23，2002(6)：615～618．
[5] 但唐仁，田景全，吴奎等．基于差分图像的多尺寸形态滤波在X射线影像系统的应用，长春大学理工学报，Vol．27，2004(2)：10～13．
[6] 但唐仁，田景全，李野等．基于多帧平均和小波分析的X射线影响图像去噪处理，长春大学理工学报，Vol．26，2003(2)：26～28．
[7] Texas Instruments. TMS320DM642 Video/Imaging Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor, www.ti.com.
[8] 任丽香．TMS320C6000系列DSPs的原理与应用，北京：电子工业出版社，2000.
[9] Texas Instruments. TMS320C64x DSP Video Port/VCXO Interpolated Control (VIC) Port Reference Guide, SPRU629
[10] Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000 DSP External Memory Interface (EMIF) Reference Guide, 2006.
[11] Texas Instruments. TMS320C64x DSP Two-Level Internal Memory Reference Guide, www.ti.com.
[12] Texas Instruments. ICS512 Datasheet:LOCO~(TM) PLL Clock Multiplier. www.ti.com.
[13] 任丽香，马淑芬，李方慧．TMS320C6000系列DSPs的原理与应用，北京：电子工业出版社，2000．
[14] Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000 EMIF to External Flash Memory, 1999.
[15] Texas Instruments. TMS320DM642 Video/Imaging Fixed-Point Digital Signal Processor, www.ti.com.
[16] Texas Instruments. FlashBurn: A DSK Flash Memory Programmer, 2002.
[17] Texas Instruments. Hex Conversion Utility Description, 2005.
[18] Texas Instruments. Introduction to Common Object File Format, 2005.
[19] 陶珺，王鹏．基于TMS320C6000 DSP的嵌入式系统中引导方法的研究，计算机与数字工程，Vol．33，2005(7)：27-31．
[20] Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000 EMIF to External Flash MemorY, 1999.
[21] I.Y. SOON etc. An analogue Video Interface for generation-purpose DSP. Microprocessors and Microsystems, Vol. 25, 2001: 33-39.
[22] 顾海洲，马双武．PCB电磁兼容技术，北京：清华大学出版社，2004．
[23] Texas Instruments.TMS320C6000 Board Design:Considerations for Debug.Texas Instrument s Incorporated,1999.
[24] Dayid Bell.TMS320C6x Thenual Design Considerations.Texas Instrument Incorporatin,1998.
[25] High—speed Board Design Techniques.Vantis Incorporation,1997.
[26] JTAG Programmer Guide.http://WWW.xilinx.com/support/jtag.pdf.
[27] 尹勇，欧光军，关荣峰．DSP集成开发环境CCS丌发指南．北京：北京航天航空大学出版社，2004．
[28] Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000 Programmer's Guide, www.ti.com.
[29] Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000 Assembly Language Tools User's Guide, www.ti.com.
[30] Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000 Optimizing Compiler User's Guide, www.ti.com.
[31] Texas Instruments. TMS320 DSP/BIOS User's Guide, SPRU423,www.ti.com.
[32] Texas Instruments. TMS320C6000 DSP/BIOS Application Programming Interface(API) Reference Guide, SPRU403, www.ti.com.
[33] 李哲．基于图像检测的交通信号机技术研究．西北工业大学硕士论文，2005．
[34] 张勇．C／C++语言硬件程序设计．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2003
[35] 李方慧，王飞，何佩琨．TMS320C6000系列DSPs原理与应用，北京：电子工业出版社，2005．
[36] AMD. Am29LV800B datasheet, www.amd.com.
[37] 戴逸民，梁晓雯，裴小平．基于DSP的现代电子系统设计．北京：电子工业出版社，2002．
[38] 王红卫，徐海霞．ADSPTS101S与TMS320C6416性能的分析与比较，通信与测控，Vol．29，2005(1)：9-14．
[39] 潘俊杰，赵宝升，王俊锋，赛小锋．影响MCP-X射线像增强器分辨率的因素分析，光子学报．
[40] 徐大纶．变像管高速摄影．北京：科学出版社，1990：202
[41] 潘京生．微通道板及其主要特征性能．应用光学，2004，25(5)：25～29
[42] 陈敏，赵宝升．多狭缝条纹变像管的设计．光子学报，2006，35(9)：1309～1312
[43] 刘军，崔蔚，施将君等．影响X光源特性的参数研究．光子学报，2005，34(2)：209～213
[44] 王凯歌，牛憨笨，李冀等．一种新型微束斑X射线源的研究．光子学报，2004，33(6)：672～676