声障板对矢量传感器指向性的影响研究
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摘要
近年來，由于声矢:E传感器可以同时拾取声场的标量和矢量信息，被广泛地应用于水声技术的各个领域。随着矢量传感器性能的提高和信号处理技术的发展，其在拖曳线列阵、浮标、低噪声测量系统的应用円益成熟。但是，在这些应用中，矢量传感器都工作于自由场中，并没有受到邻近边界条件的影响。矢量传感器如果安装在舰艇壳体，水下无人航行体时，不可避免的会受到边界衍射的影响，从而影响矢量传感器的测量效果，
本文分析了不同频率下球形、长旋转椭球形、有限长圆柱障板对矢量传感器指向性的影响，在此基础上研究了障板的尺寸和形状对矢量传感器指向性的影响’给出了优化的障板结构，并提出了矢量传感器指向性重建技术。本文研究内容主要有以下儿点：
].推导了阻抗球和弹性球壳散射声场声压和振速的数学表达式，分析了不同频率、阻抗条件下阻抗球以及不同频率下内充空气弹性球壳散射声场声压和振速的指向性的特点。对阻抗球而言，阻抗对散射声场的影响由散射背景项决定，分析丁矢量传感器声E和振速的指向性随阻抗的变化规律以及绝对软球和刚?球的散射场和入射场的幅值、相位差随频率的变化关系.对内充空气弹性球壳而言，散射声场可视为刚硬球散射声场和球壳作弹性振动时辐射声场的代数和，分析了不同频率下弹性球壳障板下矢量传感器指向性的变化规律以及散射场和入射场的幅倍、相位差随频率的变化关系。
2.推导了软长旋转椭球和硬长旋转椭球散射场声IE和振速的数学表达式，分析了不同频率下软长旋转椭球和硬长旋转椭球障板下矢量传感器声压和振速指向性的特点以及散射场和入射场的幅度、相位差随频率和入射角的变化规律。
3.利用有限元和边界元法计算了不同频率下软有限长圆柱，硬有限长圆柱，内充空气的弹性有限长圆柱壳的散射声压场和振速场，分析了不同频率下软有限长圆柱，硬有限长圆柱，内充空气的弹性有限长圆柱壳障板下矢量传感器指向性的变化规律以及散射场和入射场的幅度和相位差随频率变化关系。
4.矢I传感器的指向性与障板的尺寸和形状有密切关系。分析了不同频率下.拉有相同纵向和横向尺寸的球，长旋转椭球，有限长圆柱障板对矢量传感器指向性的影响，在此基础上，设计合理的障板结构，减小障板散射声场对矢量传感器指性的影响。
5.矢量传感器在障板上的安装位置对其指向性有很大影响。选择合理的矢蒉传感器安装位置，可减小散射场对矢量传感器指向性的影响。
6.根据仿真进行实验验证。在千岛湖进行了障板对矢跫传感器指向性影响的相关实验，分析比较仿真与实验结果。
7.提出了障板条件下矢贽传感器指向性重建技术。合理的障板形状和尺寸以及合理的矢量传感器安装位K只能减小散射声场对矢量传感器指向性的影响.而很难从根本上消除散射声场带來的影响。提出釆用声场分离的方法将散射波和入射波分离，重建矢量传感器的指向性。
In recent years, since it could simultaneously pick up the scalar and vectorinformation of the sound field, acoustic vector sensor is widely used in underwateracoustic technical fields. In many applications the vector sensor works in the rfee ifeldwith no effects of the boundary conditions. If the vector sensor is installed on shipshell or unmanned underwater vehicle, it will be inevitably affected by the sounddiffraction, thus affecting its measuring results.
This paper analyzes effects of the directivity of vector sensor under the conditionof baffle in shape of sphere, prolate spheroid, finite cylinder at different frequencies.Based on that, it studies the effects of the shape and size of the baffle on thedirectivity of vector sensor, and gives out the optimized shape of the baffle, andproposes the reconstructing technique of the directivity of vector sensor. The keycontributions are:
1. This paper deduces the mathematical expression of sound pressure andvibration velocity in the scatting fields of impedance sphere and elastic spherical shellIt also analyzes characteristic of the directivity of pressure and vibration velocity ofthe impedance sphere at different frequencies and impedance conditions, as well asthat of the scatting field of air-filled elastic spherical shell at different frequencies. Interms of impedance ball, the effect of impedance on scatting field is determined by thescattering background. The paper analyzes the change law of the directivity ofpressure and vibration velocity of vector sensor with the impedance and the changerelationship between frequencies and the amplitude as well as the phase difference ofincident and scatting fields of absolute soft sphere and rigid sphere，For the elasticspherical shell iflled with air, the scatting field can be seen as the algebra addition ofrigid sphere scatting field and vibrating elastic spherical shell radiating field Thepaper analyzes the change law of directivity of vector sensor under the condition ofelastic spherical shell baffle at different frequencies, together with the changerelationship between frequencies and the amplitude as well as the phase difference ofscatting and incident ifelds.
2, The paper deduces the mathematical expression of sound pressure andvibration velocity in the scatting ifelds of soft and rigid prolate spheroid. It alsoanalyzes characteristic of the directivity of pressure and vibration velocity of vectorsensor under the condition of soft and rigid prolate spheroidal baffle at different frequencies, together with the change law between the incident angle and theamplitude as well as the phase difference of scatting and incident ifelds.
3. Using the method of infinite and boundary elements, the paper calculates thescatting pressure and vibration velocity fields of soft ifnite cylinder, rigid finitecylinder and air-filled elastic finite cylindrical shell at different frequencies. It givesout the change law of characteristic of the directivity of vector sensor under thecondition of soft finite cylinder, rigid finite cylinder and air-iflled elastic finitecylindrical shell baflfe at different frequencies, together with the change relationshipbetween frequencies and the amplitude as well as the phase difference of scatting andincident ifelds.
4. The size and shape of the balffe are closely related to the directivity of vectorsensor. The paper analyzes effects of the directivity of vector sensor under thecondition of balffe in shape of the sphere with the same vertical and hoirzontaldimensions, long rotating ellipsoid, finite cylinder. Based on that, the paper designsthe reasonable baffle structure to reduce the effects of the scatting field on thedirectivity of vector sensor.
5. The position where the vector sensor is installed on the baffle has great effectson its directivity. Choosing the reasonable position to install the vector sensor canreduce the effects of the scatting ifeld on the vector sensor.
6. The paper gives the expeirmental verification on basis of the simulation. InThousand Island Lake the expeirments of the effects of balffe on the vector sensor arecarried out，and the paper analyzes the comparison of the simulation and experimentalresults.
7. The paper proposes the reconstructing technique of the directivity of vectorsensor under the condition of balffe. Reasonable shape and size of the baffle andreasonable position where the vector sensor is installed on the baffle can only reducethe effects of the directivity of vector sensor in the scatting ifeld, while it is diiffcult tofundamentally eliminate the impacts of the scatting field. The paper proposes thesound field separation method to separate the scatting ifeld from the incident ifeld andreconstruct the directivity of vector sensor.
本文分析了不同频率下球形、长旋转椭球形、有限长圆柱障板对矢量传感器指向性的影响，在此基础上研究了障板的尺寸和形状对矢量传感器指向性的影响’给出了优化的障板结构，并提出了矢量传感器指向性重建技术。本文研究内容主要有以下儿点：
].推导了阻抗球和弹性球壳散射声场声压和振速的数学表达式，分析了不同频率、阻抗条件下阻抗球以及不同频率下内充空气弹性球壳散射声场声压和振速的指向性的特点。对阻抗球而言，阻抗对散射声场的影响由散射背景项决定，分析丁矢量传感器声E和振速的指向性随阻抗的变化规律以及绝对软球和刚?球的散射场和入射场的幅值、相位差随频率的变化关系.对内充空气弹性球壳而言，散射声场可视为刚硬球散射声场和球壳作弹性振动时辐射声场的代数和，分析了不同频率下弹性球壳障板下矢量传感器指向性的变化规律以及散射场和入射场的幅倍、相位差随频率的变化关系。
2.推导了软长旋转椭球和硬长旋转椭球散射场声IE和振速的数学表达式，分析了不同频率下软长旋转椭球和硬长旋转椭球障板下矢量传感器声压和振速指向性的特点以及散射场和入射场的幅度、相位差随频率和入射角的变化规律。
3.利用有限元和边界元法计算了不同频率下软有限长圆柱，硬有限长圆柱，内充空气的弹性有限长圆柱壳的散射声压场和振速场，分析了不同频率下软有限长圆柱，硬有限长圆柱，内充空气的弹性有限长圆柱壳障板下矢量传感器指向性的变化规律以及散射场和入射场的幅度和相位差随频率变化关系。
4.矢I传感器的指向性与障板的尺寸和形状有密切关系。分析了不同频率下.拉有相同纵向和横向尺寸的球，长旋转椭球，有限长圆柱障板对矢量传感器指向性的影响，在此基础上，设计合理的障板结构，减小障板散射声场对矢量传感器指性的影响。
5.矢量传感器在障板上的安装位置对其指向性有很大影响。选择合理的矢蒉传感器安装位置，可减小散射场对矢量传感器指向性的影响。
6.根据仿真进行实验验证。在千岛湖进行了障板对矢跫传感器指向性影响的相关实验，分析比较仿真与实验结果。
7.提出了障板条件下矢贽传感器指向性重建技术。合理的障板形状和尺寸以及合理的矢量传感器安装位K只能减小散射声场对矢量传感器指向性的影响.而很难从根本上消除散射声场带來的影响。提出釆用声场分离的方法将散射波和入射波分离，重建矢量传感器的指向性。
In recent years, since it could simultaneously pick up the scalar and vectorinformation of the sound field, acoustic vector sensor is widely used in underwateracoustic technical fields. In many applications the vector sensor works in the rfee ifeldwith no effects of the boundary conditions. If the vector sensor is installed on shipshell or unmanned underwater vehicle, it will be inevitably affected by the sounddiffraction, thus affecting its measuring results.
This paper analyzes effects of the directivity of vector sensor under the conditionof baffle in shape of sphere, prolate spheroid, finite cylinder at different frequencies.Based on that, it studies the effects of the shape and size of the baffle on thedirectivity of vector sensor, and gives out the optimized shape of the baffle, andproposes the reconstructing technique of the directivity of vector sensor. The keycontributions are:
1. This paper deduces the mathematical expression of sound pressure andvibration velocity in the scatting fields of impedance sphere and elastic spherical shellIt also analyzes characteristic of the directivity of pressure and vibration velocity ofthe impedance sphere at different frequencies and impedance conditions, as well asthat of the scatting field of air-filled elastic spherical shell at different frequencies. Interms of impedance ball, the effect of impedance on scatting field is determined by thescattering background. The paper analyzes the change law of the directivity ofpressure and vibration velocity of vector sensor with the impedance and the changerelationship between frequencies and the amplitude as well as the phase difference ofincident and scatting fields of absolute soft sphere and rigid sphere，For the elasticspherical shell iflled with air, the scatting field can be seen as the algebra addition ofrigid sphere scatting field and vibrating elastic spherical shell radiating field Thepaper analyzes the change law of directivity of vector sensor under the condition ofelastic spherical shell baffle at different frequencies, together with the changerelationship between frequencies and the amplitude as well as the phase difference ofscatting and incident ifelds.
2, The paper deduces the mathematical expression of sound pressure andvibration velocity in the scatting ifelds of soft and rigid prolate spheroid. It alsoanalyzes characteristic of the directivity of pressure and vibration velocity of vectorsensor under the condition of soft and rigid prolate spheroidal baffle at different frequencies, together with the change law between the incident angle and theamplitude as well as the phase difference of scatting and incident ifelds.
3. Using the method of infinite and boundary elements, the paper calculates thescatting pressure and vibration velocity fields of soft ifnite cylinder, rigid finitecylinder and air-filled elastic finite cylindrical shell at different frequencies. It givesout the change law of characteristic of the directivity of vector sensor under thecondition of soft finite cylinder, rigid finite cylinder and air-iflled elastic finitecylindrical shell baflfe at different frequencies, together with the change relationshipbetween frequencies and the amplitude as well as the phase difference of scatting andincident ifelds.
4. The size and shape of the balffe are closely related to the directivity of vectorsensor. The paper analyzes effects of the directivity of vector sensor under thecondition of balffe in shape of the sphere with the same vertical and hoirzontaldimensions, long rotating ellipsoid, finite cylinder. Based on that, the paper designsthe reasonable baffle structure to reduce the effects of the scatting field on thedirectivity of vector sensor.
5. The position where the vector sensor is installed on the baffle has great effectson its directivity. Choosing the reasonable position to install the vector sensor canreduce the effects of the scatting ifeld on the vector sensor.
6. The paper gives the expeirmental verification on basis of the simulation. InThousand Island Lake the expeirments of the effects of balffe on the vector sensor arecarried out，and the paper analyzes the comparison of the simulation and experimentalresults.
7. The paper proposes the reconstructing technique of the directivity of vectorsensor under the condition of balffe. Reasonable shape and size of the baffle andreasonable position where the vector sensor is installed on the baffle can only reducethe effects of the directivity of vector sensor in the scatting ifeld, while it is diiffcult tofundamentally eliminate the impacts of the scatting field. The paper proposes thesound field separation method to separate the scatting ifeld from the incident ifeld andreconstruct the directivity of vector sensor.
引文
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