开源架构下服务式海洋信息网络三维可视化研究
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摘要
随着海洋科学技术的发展,海洋数据的获取手段越来越多,如何充分运用快速增长且标准不一的海洋数据已经成为一个急需研究的课题。海洋GIS是地理信息技术与海洋科学的结合,它有效的提高了海洋数据的管理和使用效率。但是当前大部分海洋GIS仍以数据库共享模式设计实现,无法充分实现网络环境下多源数据的共享,而且当前大部分的海洋GIS仍以二维方式实现数据分析和显示,无法充分展现海洋数据的复杂时空关系。本文基于上述的研究背景,分析海洋GIS技术的发展现状,提出了开源架构下的服务式海洋信息网络三维可视化系统的设计,系统以开放性、可扩展性为主要设计思想,以实现海洋数据共享、海洋GIS功能服务共享、海洋信息三维可视化为主要目的。其中具体的研究内容主要包括以下几个方面：
1.分析了网络三维GIS、GIS网络服务、网络服务共享、开源GIS等相关技术知识,探讨了开源框架的服务式网络三维GIS的设计方法,阐述了服务式网络GIS的开放性、可扩展性等设计标准。
2.以开源GIS为基础设计了服务式海洋信息网络三维可视化系统。系统分为数据库层、应用服务层、客户端浏览层三部分。数据库层以分布式存储数据,各种格式标准的海洋数据存可储于各个不同的数据库服务器中。应用服务层是系统的核心功能层,它以开源GIS为基础,扩展实现GIS功能服务,各个服务以标准的数据格式—XML进行空间数据通信,并以标准的WPS规范对外发布服务接口,最终实现网络异构数据的共享及网络服务共享。客户端浏览层以World Wind Java为插件实现了客户端三维场景的展示及海洋要素的可视化分析等功能。
3.研究了海洋虚拟环境的可视化建模方法。提出海洋空面体场景的构建,并对海底地形、海面波浪、海表云团和海表降雨等典型海洋空面体环境参数进行了建模方法讨论。最后开发建立了服务式海洋信息网络三维可视化系统原型,实现了海洋参数的可视化表达及可视化分析。
With the development of marine science and technology, more and more accesses to oceanic data are now available now. Thus it has become a highly urgent project to research on how to make full use of the oceanic data which is varied and in rapid growth. Marine GIS is a combination of geographic information technology and marine science, which effectively improve the marine data management and application. However, most of current marine GIS are designed and implemented patterned on shared data schema, which still can not fully realize the sharing of multi-source data under internet environment. Moreover, marine GIS, which achieve data analysis and management in two dimensions, can not fully demonstrate the complexity of space-time relationships of marine data. Under such research background, this thesis analyzes the current situation of marine GIS technology, and puts forward the design of serviced network three-dimensional visualization system of marine information under the open source stack. Openness and expandability are the main design philosophy of this system. The main purpose is to achieve marine data sharing, sharing of marine GIS function and service, and three-dimensional visualization of marine information. The main studying contents of this thesis include these aspects:
1. Analysis of related technical knowledge of the network three-dimensional GIS, GIS Web services, Web service function sharing, open source GIS etc. Investigation of design methodology of serviced network three-dimensional of GIS under the open source stack. Elaboration of features of serviced network GIS, such as openness and expandability.
2. Prototype structuring of serviced network three-dimensional visualization system of marine information under the open source stack. The System is divided into the database level, application service level, and client browse level. At The database level, data are stored in a Distributed way, and various standards of marine data can be stored in different corresponding database servers. Application service level is the core function of the system, which achieves GIS service function under open source GIS. All services conduct spatial data communication in a standardized data format-XML, release service interfaces in standardized criteria, and ultimately realize sharing of network heterogeneous data and web service. The client browse level, with World Wind Java as the plug-in, can achieve display of three-dimensional scene at the client-side, and visual analysis function of marine elements.
3. Study the methods of Marine virtual environment visualized modeling. Put forward the construction of ocean environment, and discuss on the aspects of modeling methods about typical ocean environmental parameters such as seafloor topography, surface waves, floating clouds, surface rainfall. Finally established the prototype of service type Marine information network 3D visualization system, then realize the visualization expression and visualized analysis of marine parameters.
1.分析了网络三维GIS、GIS网络服务、网络服务共享、开源GIS等相关技术知识,探讨了开源框架的服务式网络三维GIS的设计方法,阐述了服务式网络GIS的开放性、可扩展性等设计标准。
2.以开源GIS为基础设计了服务式海洋信息网络三维可视化系统。系统分为数据库层、应用服务层、客户端浏览层三部分。数据库层以分布式存储数据,各种格式标准的海洋数据存可储于各个不同的数据库服务器中。应用服务层是系统的核心功能层,它以开源GIS为基础,扩展实现GIS功能服务,各个服务以标准的数据格式—XML进行空间数据通信,并以标准的WPS规范对外发布服务接口,最终实现网络异构数据的共享及网络服务共享。客户端浏览层以World Wind Java为插件实现了客户端三维场景的展示及海洋要素的可视化分析等功能。
3.研究了海洋虚拟环境的可视化建模方法。提出海洋空面体场景的构建,并对海底地形、海面波浪、海表云团和海表降雨等典型海洋空面体环境参数进行了建模方法讨论。最后开发建立了服务式海洋信息网络三维可视化系统原型,实现了海洋参数的可视化表达及可视化分析。
With the development of marine science and technology, more and more accesses to oceanic data are now available now. Thus it has become a highly urgent project to research on how to make full use of the oceanic data which is varied and in rapid growth. Marine GIS is a combination of geographic information technology and marine science, which effectively improve the marine data management and application. However, most of current marine GIS are designed and implemented patterned on shared data schema, which still can not fully realize the sharing of multi-source data under internet environment. Moreover, marine GIS, which achieve data analysis and management in two dimensions, can not fully demonstrate the complexity of space-time relationships of marine data. Under such research background, this thesis analyzes the current situation of marine GIS technology, and puts forward the design of serviced network three-dimensional visualization system of marine information under the open source stack. Openness and expandability are the main design philosophy of this system. The main purpose is to achieve marine data sharing, sharing of marine GIS function and service, and three-dimensional visualization of marine information. The main studying contents of this thesis include these aspects:
1. Analysis of related technical knowledge of the network three-dimensional GIS, GIS Web services, Web service function sharing, open source GIS etc. Investigation of design methodology of serviced network three-dimensional of GIS under the open source stack. Elaboration of features of serviced network GIS, such as openness and expandability.
2. Prototype structuring of serviced network three-dimensional visualization system of marine information under the open source stack. The System is divided into the database level, application service level, and client browse level. At The database level, data are stored in a Distributed way, and various standards of marine data can be stored in different corresponding database servers. Application service level is the core function of the system, which achieves GIS service function under open source GIS. All services conduct spatial data communication in a standardized data format-XML, release service interfaces in standardized criteria, and ultimately realize sharing of network heterogeneous data and web service. The client browse level, with World Wind Java as the plug-in, can achieve display of three-dimensional scene at the client-side, and visual analysis function of marine elements.
3. Study the methods of Marine virtual environment visualized modeling. Put forward the construction of ocean environment, and discuss on the aspects of modeling methods about typical ocean environmental parameters such as seafloor topography, surface waves, floating clouds, surface rainfall. Finally established the prototype of service type Marine information network 3D visualization system, then realize the visualization expression and visualized analysis of marine parameters.
引文
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龚健雅,高文秀.地理信息共享与互操作技术及标准[J].地理信息世界,2006(3)：18-27.
侯军WEB GIS技术在海洋监测信息集成中的应用研究[J].海洋技术,2005,24(4)：18-22.
黄瑞阳,郭建忠,成毅等.分布式GIS功能服务共享的研究与实践[J].信息工程大学学报,2010(2)：180-184.
李安虎,周玉斌,刘海行等.基于WebGIS的海洋科学数据共享平台的分析与设计[J].海洋科学进展,2004(1)：85-90.
李苏军,杨冰,吴玲达.基于Gerstner-Rankine模型的真实感海洋场景建模与绘制[J].工程图学学报,2008(2)
李相迎,周红建,王正志.一种随机海洋波模型及其数字仿真[J].国防科技大学学报,1999(2)119-121.
李真,艾波,陶华学.基于GIS的海洋水文数据可视化方法研究[J].海洋信息,2007(4)：1-3.
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刘振民,章任群,陈继香WebGIS技术在海洋信息共享中的应用[J].海洋技术,2003(4)：27-31.
刘志军,金继业,刘振民等.海洋底质三维可视化模拟初步研究[J].测绘科学,2008(3)：113-115.
马劲松,朱大奎.海岸海洋潮流模拟可视化与虚拟现实建模[J].测绘学报,2002(1)：49-53.
施加松.网络三维GIS若干技术问题研究[D].硕士学位论文,中国人民解放军信息工程大学,2006.
宋蔚,李华.基于X3D的三维Web GIS研究[J].计算机工程与设计,2005,26(11)：2920-2921,2941.
苏奋振,周成虎,杨晓梅等.海洋地理信息系统——原理、技术与应用[M].北京：海洋出版社,2005.
苏天赞,刘保华,刘海行等.基于WebGIS技术的黄海大海洋生态系信息共享系统[J].海洋科学进展,2008(3)：401-408.
孙雨,李国庆,黄震春.基于OGC WPS标准的处理服务实现研究[J].计算机科学,2009(8)：86-88.
覃如府,叶娜,许惠平等.GIS系统中多维海洋数据可视化研究[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2009 (2)：272-276.
唐伟,姜独祎,崔文林等.海洋生态监测信息网络发布系统的设计与实现[J].海洋科学,2009(9)11-15.
王舒境,刘仁义,刘南等.面向分布式异构数据库的海洋遥感WebGIS研究[J].浙江大学学报(理学版),2006(6)：702-706.
温永宁,间国年,杨慧等.面向服务的分布式地学模型集成框架研究[J].遥感学报,2006(2)：160-168.
吴飞,龚知凡.三维地理信息共享服务平台实现和应用[J].地理空间信息,2009,7(5)：121-124.
杨春国,金翔龙,高金耀.利用ArcGIS管理和分析海底探测数据[J].海洋测绘,2007(4)：74-77.
姚长新,王圣洁,苏国辉WebGIS技术在海洋地质领域中的应用[J].海洋地质动态,2005(11)11-14.
岳昆,王晓玲,周傲英.Web服务核心支撑技术：研究综述[J].软件学报,2004(3)：428-442.
郑国江.网络三维地理信息系统数据组织管理研究与实现[D].硕士学位论文,中国测绘科学研究院,2010.
Butler D. Virtual globes:The web-wide world[J]. Nature,2006,439 (7078):776-778.
Blinn J F. Simulation of wrinkled surfaces [J]. Computer and Graphics,1978,12(3):286-292.
BODC Parameter Dictionary [EB/OL]. http://www. bode. ac. uk/documents/bodc_params_download. html,2010.
D B. Virtual globes:The web-wide world[M],2006:776-778.
Kass M, Miller G. Rapid, stable fluid dynamics for computer graphics[C]. Proc of ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Computer Graphics, In:Vancouver, BC Canada,1990,49-55.
Fishman B, Schachter B. Computer display of height fields[J]. Computer and Graphics,1980,5(2-4): 53-60.
Fournier A, Reeves W T. A simple model of ocean waves[J]. Computer Graphics,1986,20(4):75-84.
Gold C M, Condal A R. A spatial data structure integrating GIS and simulation in marine environment [J]. Marince geodesy,1995(18):213-228.
Hill J M, Ecans D L, Blackmon J B, Development of a Permit Geographic Information System for Coastal Zone Management[J], Technical Papers,51st Annual Meeting, ASP, Washington DC,1985,1,284-293
Jensen L S. Deep-water animation and rendering[EB/OL].
Keller C P, Gowan R F, Dolling A. Marine spatio-temporal GIS[C]. Canadian conference on GIS'91 proceedings, Ottawa, Canada,1991,345-358.
Langran G, Kall D J.1991. Processing EEZ Data in a marine geographic information system. In 1991 EEZ Symposium on mapping and Research, Portland, Oregon, edited by Lockwood, M. and McGregor, B. A (Portland, Oregon:U. S. Geological Survey Circular 1092),127-129
Macher R V. Application of GIS to the Ocean Environment[R], Proceedings, the Ocean, an Interactive Workplace Washington DC,1987,1065-1067
Max N L. Vectorized procedural models for natural terrain:waves and islands in the sunset [J]. Computer and Graphics,1981,15(3):317-324.
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陈俊文.基于X3D的三维地理数据模型设计与实现[D].硕士学位论文,浙江大学,2008.
陈永华WebGIS三维可视化的研究[D].博士学位论文,中国人民解放军信息工程大学,2000.
邓耀生3DWebGISJavaScriptAPI的设计与实现[D],2009.
高锡章.基于大型数据库的海洋GIS设计与自主开发研究[D].博士学位学位论文,浙江大学,2004.
龚健雅,高文秀.地理信息共享与互操作技术及标准[J].地理信息世界,2006(3)：18-27.
侯军WEB GIS技术在海洋监测信息集成中的应用研究[J].海洋技术,2005,24(4)：18-22.
黄瑞阳,郭建忠,成毅等.分布式GIS功能服务共享的研究与实践[J].信息工程大学学报,2010(2)：180-184.
李安虎,周玉斌,刘海行等.基于WebGIS的海洋科学数据共享平台的分析与设计[J].海洋科学进展,2004(1)：85-90.
李苏军,杨冰,吴玲达.基于Gerstner-Rankine模型的真实感海洋场景建模与绘制[J].工程图学学报,2008(2)
李相迎,周红建,王正志.一种随机海洋波模型及其数字仿真[J].国防科技大学学报,1999(2)119-121.
李真,艾波,陶华学.基于GIS的海洋水文数据可视化方法研究[J].海洋信息,2007(4)：1-3.
林晖,吕国年,宋志尧.东中国海潮波系统与海岸演变模拟研究[M].北京：科学出版社,2000.
林宁.海洋三维地理信息系统数据模型研究[J].海洋信息,2002(3)：12-14.
刘金,姜晓轶,李四海.数字海洋水体模型建立与三维可视化技术研究[J].海洋通报,2009(4)141-146.
刘振民,章任群,陈继香WebGIS技术在海洋信息共享中的应用[J].海洋技术,2003(4)：27-31.
刘志军,金继业,刘振民等.海洋底质三维可视化模拟初步研究[J].测绘科学,2008(3)：113-115.
马劲松,朱大奎.海岸海洋潮流模拟可视化与虚拟现实建模[J].测绘学报,2002(1)：49-53.
施加松.网络三维GIS若干技术问题研究[D].硕士学位论文,中国人民解放军信息工程大学,2006.
宋蔚,李华.基于X3D的三维Web GIS研究[J].计算机工程与设计,2005,26(11)：2920-2921,2941.
苏奋振,周成虎,杨晓梅等.海洋地理信息系统——原理、技术与应用[M].北京：海洋出版社,2005.
苏天赞,刘保华,刘海行等.基于WebGIS技术的黄海大海洋生态系信息共享系统[J].海洋科学进展,2008(3)：401-408.
孙雨,李国庆,黄震春.基于OGC WPS标准的处理服务实现研究[J].计算机科学,2009(8)：86-88.
覃如府,叶娜,许惠平等.GIS系统中多维海洋数据可视化研究[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2009 (2)：272-276.
唐伟,姜独祎,崔文林等.海洋生态监测信息网络发布系统的设计与实现[J].海洋科学,2009(9)11-15.
王舒境,刘仁义,刘南等.面向分布式异构数据库的海洋遥感WebGIS研究[J].浙江大学学报(理学版),2006(6)：702-706.
温永宁,间国年,杨慧等.面向服务的分布式地学模型集成框架研究[J].遥感学报,2006(2)：160-168.
吴飞,龚知凡.三维地理信息共享服务平台实现和应用[J].地理空间信息,2009,7(5)：121-124.
杨春国,金翔龙,高金耀.利用ArcGIS管理和分析海底探测数据[J].海洋测绘,2007(4)：74-77.
姚长新,王圣洁,苏国辉WebGIS技术在海洋地质领域中的应用[J].海洋地质动态,2005(11)11-14.
岳昆,王晓玲,周傲英.Web服务核心支撑技术：研究综述[J].软件学报,2004(3)：428-442.
郑国江.网络三维地理信息系统数据组织管理研究与实现[D].硕士学位论文,中国测绘科学研究院,2010.
Butler D. Virtual globes:The web-wide world[J]. Nature,2006,439 (7078):776-778.
Blinn J F. Simulation of wrinkled surfaces [J]. Computer and Graphics,1978,12(3):286-292.
BODC Parameter Dictionary [EB/OL]. http://www. bode. ac. uk/documents/bodc_params_download. html,2010.
D B. Virtual globes:The web-wide world[M],2006:776-778.
Kass M, Miller G. Rapid, stable fluid dynamics for computer graphics[C]. Proc of ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Computer Graphics, In:Vancouver, BC Canada,1990,49-55.
Fishman B, Schachter B. Computer display of height fields[J]. Computer and Graphics,1980,5(2-4): 53-60.
Fournier A, Reeves W T. A simple model of ocean waves[J]. Computer Graphics,1986,20(4):75-84.
Gold C M, Condal A R. A spatial data structure integrating GIS and simulation in marine environment [J]. Marince geodesy,1995(18):213-228.
Hill J M, Ecans D L, Blackmon J B, Development of a Permit Geographic Information System for Coastal Zone Management[J], Technical Papers,51st Annual Meeting, ASP, Washington DC,1985,1,284-293
Jensen L S. Deep-water animation and rendering[EB/OL].
Keller C P, Gowan R F, Dolling A. Marine spatio-temporal GIS[C]. Canadian conference on GIS'91 proceedings, Ottawa, Canada,1991,345-358.
Langran G, Kall D J.1991. Processing EEZ Data in a marine geographic information system. In 1991 EEZ Symposium on mapping and Research, Portland, Oregon, edited by Lockwood, M. and McGregor, B. A (Portland, Oregon:U. S. Geological Survey Circular 1092),127-129
Macher R V. Application of GIS to the Ocean Environment[R], Proceedings, the Ocean, an Interactive Workplace Washington DC,1987,1065-1067
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