我国汽车行业电子商务的采购模式研究
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摘要
随着2008年在全世界范围内的经济危机的爆发,全球的汽车行业都受到了前所未有的冲击,而作为中国经济支柱产业之一的汽车行业也同样受到严峻的挑战。在企业面临效益减少的情况下,节约成本就变得很重要,而采购作为企业供应链体系中最有价值的部分也就越发的受到重视,尤其是在这个电子商务时代,客户需求和市场变化的速度不断加快,采购管理的复杂性和多变性大大增加。本文提出的在汽车行业建立的电子采购模式不仅能够降低交易成本,而且还增加了采购过程的效率和透明性,从而最终提高了企业的运作效率和竞争优势。
基于中国汽车企业发展电子商务的迫切需要,本文首先研究分析了迈克尔·波特的五力竞争模型以及A·Brandenburger和B·Nalebuff提出的电子商务合作竞争框架理论,为后文提出在汽车行业建立电子采购模式提供理论基础。其次对发达国家汽车行业电子采购发展的经验进行总结和分析,为我国建立电子采购模式提供借鉴。然后系统深入的分析了中国汽车行业零部件采用网购模式的实际情况。最后在前文分析基础之上提出了适合中国汽车行业零部件网购模式——以中介方为基础的电子采购模式,并就其相关配套支持体系的建设提出了一些建议。本文的主要创新工作如下:
(1)分析我国汽车行业建立电子采购模式的现状。目前有许多对于汽车行业建立电子采购模式的分析,但是大都集中在个别要素上。本文分别从我国汽车行业建立电子采购的可行性和必要性进行了系统的深入透彻的分析。
(2)提出建立适合我国汽车行业的电子采购模式——以中介方为基础的电子采购模式。本文在一系列的理论以及国外经验的分析基础之上,结合我国汽车工业的实际情况,提出了适合我国汽车工业的电子采购模式。并对政府和企业在建立电子采购模式中可能遇到的问题提出几点建议。
With the outbreak of the economic crisis around the world in 2008, the global automotive industries are faced with unheard-of challenge. When enterprise's benefit is faced with decrease, the cost savings becomes very important. As one of the China's economic pillar industry, the automotive industry is also subject to severe challenges. And procurement is being paid much attention as the most valuable part in supply system. Especially in e-commerce era, the complexity and levity of procurement management is on a great rise because customer demands and market are changing faster. And the e-procurement which be proposed in this paper can reduce transaction cost, increase the efficiency and transparency of procurement process, and then improve the whole operation efficiency and competitive advantage of the automotive enterprises.
Based on the active demand in developing EC in internal automotive industry, in this paper, firstly, M·Porter's five competitive force model, as well as A·Brandenburg and B·Nalebuffs framework for e-commerce cooperation and competition are analyzed, to provide theoretical basis for building a e-procurement model in China's automobile industry. Secondly, a summary about experiences in the development of automotive industry got from developed countries is gave, to supply a reference for building e-procurement. And then the practical situation about e-procurement in China's automotive industry is systematically and thoroughly analyzed. Finally, based on the analysis, the intermediary-based e-procurement model which is the most suitable for China is proposed. Besides these, some advices have been given to build related support system. The main innovative researches of this paper are as follows:
Firstly, the status quo of e-procurement model in China's automotive industry is analyzed. At present, there are a lot of analysis for building e-procurement in automotive industry, but most of them are focused on some individual elements. In this paper, the feasibility and necessity for building e-procurement model in China's automotive industry is systematically and thoroughly analyzed.
Secondly, the e-procurement model—intermediary-based e-procurement model which is suitable for China's automotive industry is proposed. Based on the analysis of a series of theories and foreign experiences, and combined with the actual situation of China, the most suitable e-procurement model is proposed. Besides these, some advices have been given to solve some difficult questions that government and enterprises probably meet in the course of e-procurement advancement.
基于中国汽车企业发展电子商务的迫切需要,本文首先研究分析了迈克尔·波特的五力竞争模型以及A·Brandenburger和B·Nalebuff提出的电子商务合作竞争框架理论,为后文提出在汽车行业建立电子采购模式提供理论基础。其次对发达国家汽车行业电子采购发展的经验进行总结和分析,为我国建立电子采购模式提供借鉴。然后系统深入的分析了中国汽车行业零部件采用网购模式的实际情况。最后在前文分析基础之上提出了适合中国汽车行业零部件网购模式——以中介方为基础的电子采购模式,并就其相关配套支持体系的建设提出了一些建议。本文的主要创新工作如下:
(1)分析我国汽车行业建立电子采购模式的现状。目前有许多对于汽车行业建立电子采购模式的分析,但是大都集中在个别要素上。本文分别从我国汽车行业建立电子采购的可行性和必要性进行了系统的深入透彻的分析。
(2)提出建立适合我国汽车行业的电子采购模式——以中介方为基础的电子采购模式。本文在一系列的理论以及国外经验的分析基础之上,结合我国汽车工业的实际情况,提出了适合我国汽车工业的电子采购模式。并对政府和企业在建立电子采购模式中可能遇到的问题提出几点建议。
With the outbreak of the economic crisis around the world in 2008, the global automotive industries are faced with unheard-of challenge. When enterprise's benefit is faced with decrease, the cost savings becomes very important. As one of the China's economic pillar industry, the automotive industry is also subject to severe challenges. And procurement is being paid much attention as the most valuable part in supply system. Especially in e-commerce era, the complexity and levity of procurement management is on a great rise because customer demands and market are changing faster. And the e-procurement which be proposed in this paper can reduce transaction cost, increase the efficiency and transparency of procurement process, and then improve the whole operation efficiency and competitive advantage of the automotive enterprises.
Based on the active demand in developing EC in internal automotive industry, in this paper, firstly, M·Porter's five competitive force model, as well as A·Brandenburg and B·Nalebuffs framework for e-commerce cooperation and competition are analyzed, to provide theoretical basis for building a e-procurement model in China's automobile industry. Secondly, a summary about experiences in the development of automotive industry got from developed countries is gave, to supply a reference for building e-procurement. And then the practical situation about e-procurement in China's automotive industry is systematically and thoroughly analyzed. Finally, based on the analysis, the intermediary-based e-procurement model which is the most suitable for China is proposed. Besides these, some advices have been given to build related support system. The main innovative researches of this paper are as follows:
Firstly, the status quo of e-procurement model in China's automotive industry is analyzed. At present, there are a lot of analysis for building e-procurement in automotive industry, but most of them are focused on some individual elements. In this paper, the feasibility and necessity for building e-procurement model in China's automotive industry is systematically and thoroughly analyzed.
Secondly, the e-procurement model—intermediary-based e-procurement model which is suitable for China's automotive industry is proposed. Based on the analysis of a series of theories and foreign experiences, and combined with the actual situation of China, the most suitable e-procurement model is proposed. Besides these, some advices have been given to solve some difficult questions that government and enterprises probably meet in the course of e-procurement advancement.
引文
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[8]陈良云.电子采购的经济学分析.电子商务,2006,12:71-75
[9]William D,Presutti Jr.Supply Management and E-procurement:Creating Value Added in the Supply Chain[J],Industrial Marketing Management,2003,(32):219-226
[10]陈良云.电子采购的经济学分析.电子商务,2006,12:71-75
11 李雷鸣,孟翠翠.电子采购效用模型研究.物流管理,2008,6:24-26
12 张志刚.优化企业采购管理降低企业采购成本.企业管理.2005,4:30-31
资料来源:李雷鸣,孟翠翠.电子采购效用模型研究.物流管理,2008,6:24-26
13 鲁耀斌,罗静.国外汽车制造业电子商务应用模式探析.现代企业管理,2002,2:74-77
14 刘捷.从通用公司电子商务改革来看B2B模式的发展.辽宁行政学院学报,2004,1:98-99
15 启明.美国汽车电子商务应用模式.电子商务世界,2D01,6:58-60
16 柯佳.电子商务在汽车行业中的应用.企业之路,2005,1:74-77
17 吴迪,胡珊.日本汽车产业供应模式与电子采购的应用分析.现代日本经济,2005,6:49-53
18 吴迪,胡珊.日本汽车产业供应模式与电子采购的应用分析.现代日本经济,2005,6:49-53
19 Davila A.,Gupta M.,Palmer R.Moving procurement systems to the Internet:The adoption and use of e-procurement technology models[J].European Management Journal,2003,1:11-23
20 杨兰蓉,鲁耀彬.汽车行业实施电子商务的可行性分析.科技进步与对策,2002,11:14-16
21 鲁耀彬,张金隆.汽车行业应用电子商务的优势.中国物资流通,2D01,9:17-18
22 徐小雨,朱道立.基于互联网的电子采购模式探讨.铁道运输经济,2001,5:30-33
23 卢青,王捷.B2B企业电子采购的探讨.商业研究,2004,22:18-20
24 熊励.中国汽车工业信息网现状和发展研究.中国机械工程,2001,12:109-113
25 华翔.电子商务在我国汽车零部件行业中的应用.商用汽车,2001,7:46-48
26 杨颖.中国汽车行业电子商务框架的研究:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学,2002
27 蒋逾嫔.基于中介网站的B2B电子采购模式研究.上海科学管理,2005,6:41-44
28 周宝刚,胡勇.电子采购优势与模式研究.科技信息,2006,4:381-382
29 杨颖.中国汽车行业电子商务框架的研究:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学,2002
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[2]戴尔·尼夫.电子采购——从构想到实施.陈朝晖译.北京:中信出版社,2002
[3]迈克尔·波特.竞争论.高登第译.北京:中信出版社,2003
[4]塔菲克·杰拉希,艾布里特·恩德斯.电子商务战略概念与案例.李洪心译.大连:东北财经大学出版社.2006
[5]塔菲克·杰拉希,艾布里特·恩德斯.电子商务战略概念与案例.李洪心译.大连:东北财经大学出版社.2006
[6]Dai Q.,Kauffman R.J.To be or not to B2B:evaluating managerial choices for e-procurement channel adoption[R].Working Paper,Drexel University,PA,USA,2004
[7]刘坤,李红霞.网络采购形式价值分析.商业研究.2004,17:138-141
[8]陈良云.电子采购的经济学分析.电子商务,2006,12:71-75
[9]William D,Presutti Jr.Supply Management and E-procurement:Creating Value Added in the Supply Chain[J],Industrial Marketing Management,2003,(32):219-226
[10]陈良云.电子采购的经济学分析.电子商务,2006,12:71-75
11 李雷鸣,孟翠翠.电子采购效用模型研究.物流管理,2008,6:24-26
12 张志刚.优化企业采购管理降低企业采购成本.企业管理.2005,4:30-31
资料来源:李雷鸣,孟翠翠.电子采购效用模型研究.物流管理,2008,6:24-26
13 鲁耀斌,罗静.国外汽车制造业电子商务应用模式探析.现代企业管理,2002,2:74-77
14 刘捷.从通用公司电子商务改革来看B2B模式的发展.辽宁行政学院学报,2004,1:98-99
15 启明.美国汽车电子商务应用模式.电子商务世界,2D01,6:58-60
16 柯佳.电子商务在汽车行业中的应用.企业之路,2005,1:74-77
17 吴迪,胡珊.日本汽车产业供应模式与电子采购的应用分析.现代日本经济,2005,6:49-53
18 吴迪,胡珊.日本汽车产业供应模式与电子采购的应用分析.现代日本经济,2005,6:49-53
19 Davila A.,Gupta M.,Palmer R.Moving procurement systems to the Internet:The adoption and use of e-procurement technology models[J].European Management Journal,2003,1:11-23
20 杨兰蓉,鲁耀彬.汽车行业实施电子商务的可行性分析.科技进步与对策,2002,11:14-16
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22 徐小雨,朱道立.基于互联网的电子采购模式探讨.铁道运输经济,2001,5:30-33
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