丹江口库区土地利用变化与土壤侵蚀演变
摘要
土地利用是有人类参与并且以土地为对象的一种生产活动。人类活动通过对不同方式的土地利用,在一定程度上影响地区土壤侵蚀进程。土地利用变化改变了原有地表植被覆盖类型、植被覆盖程度,区域土壤侵蚀特征发生变化,因而土地利用类型是土壤侵蚀强度变化的重要依据。
GIS技术方法的应用极大地方便了土壤侵蚀研究,研究者开发了多种基于遥感和GIS技术的区域土壤侵蚀模型。
本研究以丹江口库区为研究区域,从区域土壤侵蚀的现状调查出发,收集并处理该地区相关地形、气象、土地利用等数据数据,以遥感图像、地形图、历史调查和研究数据为基本信息源,通过GIS分析和处理建立库区的基础数据库,结合研究区实测数据,模拟研究区域的土壤侵蚀状况,深入分析土壤侵蚀与区域土地利用变化的关系,弄清区域土壤侵蚀的面积和分布,掌握区域土壤侵蚀特征。对丹江口库区土壤侵蚀问题的研究不仅具有重要的科学意义和实用价值。
借助ARCGIS地理信息系统软件和统计软件,通过聚类统计分析,得到了丹江口库区1980—2000年的不同土地利用类型对应的土壤侵蚀影响级别,通过对比三个时期处于高,中,低三个土壤侵蚀影响级别下的面积占总面积的比例,可以得出土壤侵蚀的变化方向,从中可以反映土地利用改变地表覆盖状况对土壤侵蚀的影响。揭示了区域土地利用变化的基本规律及其土壤侵蚀变化的基本过程。
土壤侵蚀的产生危害在1980年到2000年呈现上升的态势,其中在1990年达到了顶峰,而到2000年土壤侵蚀的产生危害出现下降的态势,但与1980年相比土壤侵蚀的产生危害仍然是在增加。表明土地利用的方式在1980年到1990年不利于减少土壤侵蚀产生危害,而在1990年到2000年,土地利用的方式有利于减少土壤侵蚀的产生危害。
丹江口库区土地利用和土壤侵蚀状况都得到了有效控制。合理实施的退耕还林、退耕还草措施,增加区域植被盖度,是水土保持的最有效措施。
There is a human land-use and land involved in a targeted production activities. Human activities on land use in different ways, to a certain extent the process of soil erosion-affected areas. Changes in land-use change of the original surface vegetation cover type, vegetation cover, soil erosion characteristics of the regional changes in land-use types and thus soil erosion intensity is an important basis for change.
Application of GIS techniques greatly facilitates the study of soil erosion, the researchers developed a variety of remote sensing and GIS technology based on regional soil erosion model. A number of scholars at home and abroad to use the power of GIS in the evaluation of soil erosion has done a lot of research. GIS and soil erosion inccordance with the application of the model can be divided into three kinds: first, to GIS as a tool, using GIS model extraction factor requirements, and then in accordance with the model using the graphics requirements of GIS and map algebra operations, the calculation results;II is GIS and soil erosion model as two different systems, to study the combination of the two systems; third is to use GIS to develop new models or improve the existing model.
In this study, the study area for Danjiangkou reservoir area, from a regional survey of soil erosion, the collection and processing in the region related to terrain, weather, land use and other data to remote sensing images, topographic maps, historical surveys and research data for the basic information source, through GIS analysis and processing to establish the basis of the database in the reservoir area, the study area combined with the measured data, simulation of the soil erosion situation in the region, in-depth analysis of soil erosion in land-use change and regional relations, identify the area of regional soil erosion and distribution, grasp the characteristics of the regional soil erosion. Danjiangkou reservoir area on the study of soil erosion is not only an important scientific significance, but also a very important practical value.
ARCGIS with GIS software and statistical software, statistical analysis through clustering, have been 1980-2000 Danjiangkou reservoir area of different land use types of the corresponding impact on soil erosion levels, by comparing the three periods in a high, medium and low three the impact of level of soil erosion area under the percentage of total gross floor area, it could be changes in the direction of soil erosion from land-use change to reflect the status of land cover on soil erosion.
Have a soil erosion hazard in 1980 and 2000 showed an upward trend, which reached its peak in 1990, and by soil erosion in 2000 have declined against the trend, but in 1980 compared with the selection of soil erosion hazard is still is on the rise. Show that the land use in 1980 and 1990, soil erosion is not conducive to harm reduction, and in 1990 and 2000, land-use approach to reducing harm from soil erosion.
Danjiangkou reservoir area of land use and soil erosion has been effectively controlled. Reasonable implementation of the returning farmland to forests and grassland measures to increase regional vegetation cover, is the most effective measure of soil and water conservation. Especially in recent years, because of the proactive fiscal policy, increased the input of Soil and Water Conservation, various aspects of the work has also made remarkable achievements.
GIS技术方法的应用极大地方便了土壤侵蚀研究,研究者开发了多种基于遥感和GIS技术的区域土壤侵蚀模型。
本研究以丹江口库区为研究区域,从区域土壤侵蚀的现状调查出发,收集并处理该地区相关地形、气象、土地利用等数据数据,以遥感图像、地形图、历史调查和研究数据为基本信息源,通过GIS分析和处理建立库区的基础数据库,结合研究区实测数据,模拟研究区域的土壤侵蚀状况,深入分析土壤侵蚀与区域土地利用变化的关系,弄清区域土壤侵蚀的面积和分布,掌握区域土壤侵蚀特征。对丹江口库区土壤侵蚀问题的研究不仅具有重要的科学意义和实用价值。
借助ARCGIS地理信息系统软件和统计软件,通过聚类统计分析,得到了丹江口库区1980—2000年的不同土地利用类型对应的土壤侵蚀影响级别,通过对比三个时期处于高,中,低三个土壤侵蚀影响级别下的面积占总面积的比例,可以得出土壤侵蚀的变化方向,从中可以反映土地利用改变地表覆盖状况对土壤侵蚀的影响。揭示了区域土地利用变化的基本规律及其土壤侵蚀变化的基本过程。
土壤侵蚀的产生危害在1980年到2000年呈现上升的态势,其中在1990年达到了顶峰,而到2000年土壤侵蚀的产生危害出现下降的态势,但与1980年相比土壤侵蚀的产生危害仍然是在增加。表明土地利用的方式在1980年到1990年不利于减少土壤侵蚀产生危害,而在1990年到2000年,土地利用的方式有利于减少土壤侵蚀的产生危害。
丹江口库区土地利用和土壤侵蚀状况都得到了有效控制。合理实施的退耕还林、退耕还草措施,增加区域植被盖度,是水土保持的最有效措施。
There is a human land-use and land involved in a targeted production activities. Human activities on land use in different ways, to a certain extent the process of soil erosion-affected areas. Changes in land-use change of the original surface vegetation cover type, vegetation cover, soil erosion characteristics of the regional changes in land-use types and thus soil erosion intensity is an important basis for change.
Application of GIS techniques greatly facilitates the study of soil erosion, the researchers developed a variety of remote sensing and GIS technology based on regional soil erosion model. A number of scholars at home and abroad to use the power of GIS in the evaluation of soil erosion has done a lot of research. GIS and soil erosion inccordance with the application of the model can be divided into three kinds: first, to GIS as a tool, using GIS model extraction factor requirements, and then in accordance with the model using the graphics requirements of GIS and map algebra operations, the calculation results;II is GIS and soil erosion model as two different systems, to study the combination of the two systems; third is to use GIS to develop new models or improve the existing model.
In this study, the study area for Danjiangkou reservoir area, from a regional survey of soil erosion, the collection and processing in the region related to terrain, weather, land use and other data to remote sensing images, topographic maps, historical surveys and research data for the basic information source, through GIS analysis and processing to establish the basis of the database in the reservoir area, the study area combined with the measured data, simulation of the soil erosion situation in the region, in-depth analysis of soil erosion in land-use change and regional relations, identify the area of regional soil erosion and distribution, grasp the characteristics of the regional soil erosion. Danjiangkou reservoir area on the study of soil erosion is not only an important scientific significance, but also a very important practical value.
ARCGIS with GIS software and statistical software, statistical analysis through clustering, have been 1980-2000 Danjiangkou reservoir area of different land use types of the corresponding impact on soil erosion levels, by comparing the three periods in a high, medium and low three the impact of level of soil erosion area under the percentage of total gross floor area, it could be changes in the direction of soil erosion from land-use change to reflect the status of land cover on soil erosion.
Have a soil erosion hazard in 1980 and 2000 showed an upward trend, which reached its peak in 1990, and by soil erosion in 2000 have declined against the trend, but in 1980 compared with the selection of soil erosion hazard is still is on the rise. Show that the land use in 1980 and 1990, soil erosion is not conducive to harm reduction, and in 1990 and 2000, land-use approach to reducing harm from soil erosion.
Danjiangkou reservoir area of land use and soil erosion has been effectively controlled. Reasonable implementation of the returning farmland to forests and grassland measures to increase regional vegetation cover, is the most effective measure of soil and water conservation. Especially in recent years, because of the proactive fiscal policy, increased the input of Soil and Water Conservation, various aspects of the work has also made remarkable achievements.
引文
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2.蔡强国,陆兆熊.黄土丘陵沟壑区典型小流域侵蚀产沙过程模型.地理学报,1996,51(2):108-117
3.蔡强国,王贵平,陈永宗.黄土高原小流域侵蚀产沙过程与模拟.1998,25-38
4.蔡强国,吴淑安.紫色土陡坡地不同土地利用对土壤侵蚀过程的影响.水土保持通报,1998,18(2):1-9
5.陈雷.中国的水土保持.第十二届国际水土保持大会专题报告.北京,2002,5-38
6.陈明华,周伏建,黄炎和.土壤可蚀性因子的研究.水土保持学报,1995,9(1):19-24
7.丁琳霞,穆兴民.水土保持对小流域地表径流时间特征变化的影响.干早区资源与环境.2004,18(3):103-106
8.高俊蜂,李虎.长江流域生态环境对洪涝影响的评价.自然灾害学报,2001,11(4)
9.关君蔚.水土保持原理.北京:中国林业出版社,1996,15-128
10.李吕峰,冯赞智,赵锐.流域水系自动提取的力法和应用.湖泊科学,2003,15(3):205-212
11.李玉山.黄土高原治理开发与黄河断流的关系.水土保持通报,1997,17(4):41-45
12.李玉山.黄土高原治理开发与黄河断流的关系.水土保持通报,1997,17(6):41-45
13.李子君,周培祥,毛丽华.我国水土保持措施对水资源影响研究综述.地理学进展,2006,1(4)
14.刘国华,傅伯杰.中国生态退化的主要类型、特征及分布.生态学报,2000,20(1):13-19
15.刘纪根,蔡强国,刘前进,樊良新.地理信息系统与侵蚀产沙模型集成研究述评.水土保持学报,2003,第17卷第6期:37-52
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