基于分布式环境WebGIS的研究与设计
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摘要
地理信息系统(Geographic Information System，GIS)是一种为了获取、存储、检索、分析和显示空间定位数据而建立的计算机化的数据库管理系统，它集当代最先进的图形、图像、地质、地理、遥感、测绘、人工智能、计算机科学等技术为一体，是当前研究的热点之一。自六十年代以来，它在全球范围内取得了很大的进步，无论在系统理论、研究方法还是在应用系统等方面都有着长足的发展，随着相关技术的发展和实际应用的需要，地理信息系统将向着数据标准化，数据多维化，系统集成化，系统智能化，平台网络化，应用社会化的方向发展。
90年代开始飞速发展的国际互联网技术给传统地理信息系统的进一步发展提出了新的要求。我们迫切需要解决如何以国际互联网作为分布式计算平台构建地理信息系统，如何在国际互联网上发布地理空间数据和信息，如何方便用户查询所需要的相关地理信息等问题。另一方面，国际互联网也为解决地理信息系统发展所面临的降低地理空间数据采集成本、提高地理信息的共享程度等问题提供了良好的解决方法，它是地理信息系统的社会化和大众化的基础。
地理信息系统正逐渐深入到各个领域，而计算机网络的迅速普及又加快了传统GIS向WebGIS迈进的步伐，GIS与网络技术的结合是当前GIS研究领域的重要方向，构造分布式地理信息系统—WebGIS是GIS发展的趋势。
分布式计算技术、分布式数据库技术和分布式对象技术是解决WebGIS中存在问题的关键技术。本文首先针对目前国内GIS软件的缺陷，对互联网时代地理信息系统的发展趋势和技术进行了探讨；然后提出利用分布式计算技术解决速度问题，利用分布式数据库技术解决数据分布和数据共享问题以及利用分布式对象技术克服各子系统集成问题的思路，探讨了在上述技术的基础上开发动态更新的WebGIS；最后通过对实际应用中所遇到问题的分析，提出了切实可行的基于分布式环境的WebGIS解决方案。
Geographic Information System (GIS) is a database management system for getting, storing, searching, analyzing and displaying spatial data. It consists of most advanced techniques such as graphics, image, geology, geography, remote sensing, surveying, artificial intelligence, computer science and so on. GIS is one of the most promising and attractive research fields. From 1960s on, it has made great progress all over the world, not only on its system theory, but also on its research method and applications. With the development of related technologies and the need of practical applications, the prospect of GIS is Data Standardization, Data Multidimensional, System Integration, System Intellectualization, Platform Network and Application Socialization.
The World Wide Web technology, having rapidly developed from 1990s, brings request to the development of traditional GIS. It is emergency for us to explore how to use World Wide Web as the distributed computing platform for GIS, how to release Geographic space data and information in the internet and how to make it easy for users to search the geographical information which was needed in the internet. On the other hand, World Wide Web is also a good way for reducing geographical data collection cost and advancing geographical information share degree. It is the foundation of the GIS' s socialization and popularization.
GIS is penetrating into all kinds of fields, and the rapid application of computer network is accelerating the evolution of the WebGIS from traditional GIS. The combination of GIS with the network technology is an important developing direction of the present GIS research field, and the constructing of distributed GIS, the WebGIS, is the trend for the developing of GIS.
The key technology to solve the problems which exist in WebGIS is using distributed computing technology, distributed database technology and distributed object technology. Firstly, this paper contrapose the
disfigurements which exist in the internal GIS software, the trend and technology of GIS in the era of INTERNET was discussed. Secondly, using distributed computing technology to solve the problem of speed, making use of distributed database technology to settle the data distribution and share problem and utilizing distributed object technology to solve the problem of integrating the subsystems. Finally, according to analysis for actual problem I have met in my developing process, this paper put forward a blue print which is very available to WebGIS based on distributed environment.
90年代开始飞速发展的国际互联网技术给传统地理信息系统的进一步发展提出了新的要求。我们迫切需要解决如何以国际互联网作为分布式计算平台构建地理信息系统，如何在国际互联网上发布地理空间数据和信息，如何方便用户查询所需要的相关地理信息等问题。另一方面，国际互联网也为解决地理信息系统发展所面临的降低地理空间数据采集成本、提高地理信息的共享程度等问题提供了良好的解决方法，它是地理信息系统的社会化和大众化的基础。
地理信息系统正逐渐深入到各个领域，而计算机网络的迅速普及又加快了传统GIS向WebGIS迈进的步伐，GIS与网络技术的结合是当前GIS研究领域的重要方向，构造分布式地理信息系统—WebGIS是GIS发展的趋势。
分布式计算技术、分布式数据库技术和分布式对象技术是解决WebGIS中存在问题的关键技术。本文首先针对目前国内GIS软件的缺陷，对互联网时代地理信息系统的发展趋势和技术进行了探讨；然后提出利用分布式计算技术解决速度问题，利用分布式数据库技术解决数据分布和数据共享问题以及利用分布式对象技术克服各子系统集成问题的思路，探讨了在上述技术的基础上开发动态更新的WebGIS；最后通过对实际应用中所遇到问题的分析，提出了切实可行的基于分布式环境的WebGIS解决方案。
Geographic Information System (GIS) is a database management system for getting, storing, searching, analyzing and displaying spatial data. It consists of most advanced techniques such as graphics, image, geology, geography, remote sensing, surveying, artificial intelligence, computer science and so on. GIS is one of the most promising and attractive research fields. From 1960s on, it has made great progress all over the world, not only on its system theory, but also on its research method and applications. With the development of related technologies and the need of practical applications, the prospect of GIS is Data Standardization, Data Multidimensional, System Integration, System Intellectualization, Platform Network and Application Socialization.
The World Wide Web technology, having rapidly developed from 1990s, brings request to the development of traditional GIS. It is emergency for us to explore how to use World Wide Web as the distributed computing platform for GIS, how to release Geographic space data and information in the internet and how to make it easy for users to search the geographical information which was needed in the internet. On the other hand, World Wide Web is also a good way for reducing geographical data collection cost and advancing geographical information share degree. It is the foundation of the GIS' s socialization and popularization.
GIS is penetrating into all kinds of fields, and the rapid application of computer network is accelerating the evolution of the WebGIS from traditional GIS. The combination of GIS with the network technology is an important developing direction of the present GIS research field, and the constructing of distributed GIS, the WebGIS, is the trend for the developing of GIS.
The key technology to solve the problems which exist in WebGIS is using distributed computing technology, distributed database technology and distributed object technology. Firstly, this paper contrapose the
disfigurements which exist in the internal GIS software, the trend and technology of GIS in the era of INTERNET was discussed. Secondly, using distributed computing technology to solve the problem of speed, making use of distributed database technology to settle the data distribution and share problem and utilizing distributed object technology to solve the problem of integrating the subsystems. Finally, according to analysis for actual problem I have met in my developing process, this paper put forward a blue print which is very available to WebGIS based on distributed environment.
引文
[1] 刘键．并行分布式程序设计．华中理工大学出版社，1997(7)
[2] 王兴玲．基于XML的地理信息Web服务研究．中科院遥感所博士学位论文，2002(5)
[3] 李文军，周晓聪，李师贤编著．分布式对象技术．机械工业出版社，2004(1)
[4] 朱其亮，郑斌．CORBA原理及应用．北京邮电大学出版社，2001(10)
[5] Markus Aleksy, Axel Korthaus. A CORBA-Based Object Group Service and a Join Service Providing a Transparent Solution for Parallel Programming. 0-7695-0634-8/00 2000 IEEE
[6] Istabrak Abdul-Fatah, Shikharesh Majumdar. Performance of CORBA-Based Client-Server Architectures. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS, VOL. 13, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 2002
[7] 李沛川．基于Web的地理信息查询与服务．武汉大学博士学位论文，2001(4)
[8] 吴信才．地理信息系统原理与方法．电子工业出版社，2002(3)
[9] 赵军，吴宇晓．基于CORBA的WebGIS研究．微型电脑应用，2003(2)
[10] 林璇．WebGIS剖析及基于XML的WebGIS模型．东南大学硕士学位论文，2001(3)
[11] 黄志明．GIS在经济运行分析系统中的应用．华东师范大学硕士学位论文，1999(5)
[12] Abraham Silberschatz, Henry F. Krth, S. Sudarshan著，杨冬青，唐世渭等译．数据库系统概念．机械工业出版社，2003(1)
[13] 王能斌编著．数据库系统原理．电子工业出版社，2000(1)
[14] 邵佩英编著．分布式数据库及其应用．科学出版社，2000(6)
[15] 汤子瀛，哲凤屏，汤小丹．计算机操作系统．西安电子科技大学出版社，2000(2)
[16] Sun Microsystems Inc. (1998). Java Remote Method Invocation Specification; Revisionl. 50, JDK1.2,Oct. 1998.http://www.javasoft.com/products/jdk/1.2/docs/guide/rmi/spec/rmiTOC.doc. html
[17] I. Abdul-Fatah Performance of CORBA-Based Client-Server Architectures, MEng. thesis, Carleton Univ., Ottawa, Canada, Apr. 1997.
[18] Kong Yunhong, Lin Hui. Intergrated Research on www For GIS System. Remote Sensing Journal, Vol. 2, No2.
[19] 吴信才，白玉琪，郭玲玲．地理信息系统发展现状与展望．计算机工程与应用，2000(4)
[20] 朱晓华，闾国年．地理信息系统技术在我国的应用与存在的问题．科技导报，2001(5)
[21] 杨崇俊等．万维网地理信息系统发展及前景．中国图象图形学报，2001(9)
[22] 孔云峰，林珲．基于万维网的地理信息系统集成研究．遥感学报，1998(5)
[23] 谢毅．面向对象的组件式地理信息系统COMGIS的研究．中国科技大学硕士学位论文，1999(6)
[2] 王兴玲．基于XML的地理信息Web服务研究．中科院遥感所博士学位论文，2002(5)
[3] 李文军，周晓聪，李师贤编著．分布式对象技术．机械工业出版社，2004(1)
[4] 朱其亮，郑斌．CORBA原理及应用．北京邮电大学出版社，2001(10)
[5] Markus Aleksy, Axel Korthaus. A CORBA-Based Object Group Service and a Join Service Providing a Transparent Solution for Parallel Programming. 0-7695-0634-8/00 2000 IEEE
[6] Istabrak Abdul-Fatah, Shikharesh Majumdar. Performance of CORBA-Based Client-Server Architectures. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS, VOL. 13, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 2002
[7] 李沛川．基于Web的地理信息查询与服务．武汉大学博士学位论文，2001(4)
[8] 吴信才．地理信息系统原理与方法．电子工业出版社，2002(3)
[9] 赵军，吴宇晓．基于CORBA的WebGIS研究．微型电脑应用，2003(2)
[10] 林璇．WebGIS剖析及基于XML的WebGIS模型．东南大学硕士学位论文，2001(3)
[11] 黄志明．GIS在经济运行分析系统中的应用．华东师范大学硕士学位论文，1999(5)
[12] Abraham Silberschatz, Henry F. Krth, S. Sudarshan著，杨冬青，唐世渭等译．数据库系统概念．机械工业出版社，2003(1)
[13] 王能斌编著．数据库系统原理．电子工业出版社，2000(1)
[14] 邵佩英编著．分布式数据库及其应用．科学出版社，2000(6)
[15] 汤子瀛，哲凤屏，汤小丹．计算机操作系统．西安电子科技大学出版社，2000(2)
[16] Sun Microsystems Inc. (1998). Java Remote Method Invocation Specification; Revisionl. 50, JDK1.2,Oct. 1998.http://www.javasoft.com/products/jdk/1.2/docs/guide/rmi/spec/rmiTOC.doc. html
[17] I. Abdul-Fatah Performance of CORBA-Based Client-Server Architectures, MEng. thesis, Carleton Univ., Ottawa, Canada, Apr. 1997.
[18] Kong Yunhong, Lin Hui. Intergrated Research on www For GIS System. Remote Sensing Journal, Vol. 2, No2.
[19] 吴信才，白玉琪，郭玲玲．地理信息系统发展现状与展望．计算机工程与应用，2000(4)
[20] 朱晓华，闾国年．地理信息系统技术在我国的应用与存在的问题．科技导报，2001(5)
[21] 杨崇俊等．万维网地理信息系统发展及前景．中国图象图形学报，2001(9)
[22] 孔云峰，林珲．基于万维网的地理信息系统集成研究．遥感学报，1998(5)
[23] 谢毅．面向对象的组件式地理信息系统COMGIS的研究．中国科技大学硕士学位论文，1999(6)